Due to major global urbanisation, a careful evaluation of plans (town planning and mobility) and projects (industrial and development) is required in order to measure their impact on health and ...environmental matrices. In Italy, Legislative Decree No 152/06 introduced two procedures: the EIA (Environmental Impact Assessment) and SIA (Strategic Impact Assessment). Their focus, however, does not consider human health. Recently, the Integrated Environmental and Health Impact Assessment (IEHIA) was introduced; this defines the parameters necessary to provide an EIA that includes human health as a factor. This systematic review was conducted, including both the population impacted by new facilities and the method used to define their impact. Our database search produced 724 articles, of which 33 were eligible. Studies included landfill plans, manufacturing industries, mobility policies, energy production, and the environmental health of an area. All studies show how an approach encompassing multiple parameters can analyse the impact of a new facility in a comprehensive manner. This review shows that the use of health-related environmental impact parameters is essential for the integration of a project into a community, and can allow a wider understanding of the possible impacts on human health, both direct and indirect.
(1) The Russian invasion of Ukraine forced many people to leave their country and seek asylum in various European countries, with serious consequences from a health perspective. In this context, we ...describe the health measures undertaken by AcToVax4NAM Consortium Countries (Cyprus–Germany–Greece–Italy–Malta–Poland–Romania–Spain) to prevent Vaccine-Preventable Disease (VPD) outbreaks in the context of mass movements of populations that resulted from the crisis in Ukraine. (2) We collected information on the vaccinations offered to Ukrainians in the Consortium Countries. (3) All these countries have provided Temporary Protection (TP) status to refugees from Ukraine and have followed the recommendations of European and International Agencies to offer them vaccinations according to the National Immunisation Programmes. The COVID-19 vaccination is offered in all countries with regard to the general population. Most countries provide information on TP and access to health/vaccination services in the Ukrainian language. (4) The information collected shows a common effort to ensure the adequate planning of health and vaccination services for refugees from Ukraine and, very often, to include them in the national vaccination offer. It is important that this initial response towards people who have fled Ukraine will be continued following the emergency but, more importantly, that it serves as a best practice towards all migrants and refugees entering the EU.
Digital technologies have greatly developed and impacted several aspects of life, including health and lifestyle. Activity tracking, mobile applications, and devices may also provide messages and ...goals to motivate adopting healthy behaviors, namely physical activity and dietary changes. This review aimed to assess the effectiveness of digital resources in supporting behavior changes, and thus influencing weight loss, in people with overweight or obesity. A systematic review was conducted according to the PRISMA guidelines. The protocol was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42023403364). Randomized Controlled Trials published from the database's inception to 8 November 2023 and focused on digital-based technologies aimed at increasing physical activity for the purpose of weight loss, with or without changes in diet, were considered eligible. In total, 1762 studies were retrieved and 31 met the inclusion criteria. Although they differed in the type of technology used and in their design, two-thirds of the studies reported significantly greater weight loss among electronic device users than controls. Many of these studies reported tailored or specialist-guided interventions. The use of digital technologies may be useful to support weight-loss interventions for people with overweight or obesity. Personalized feedback can increase the effectiveness of new technologies in motivating behavior changes.
Surgical interventions and invasive diagnostic/therapeutic procedures are known routes of transmission of viral hepatitis. Using data from the Italian surveillance system for acute viral hepatitis ...(SEIEVA), the aim of this study was to investigate the association between specific types of invasive procedures and the risk of acute HBV and HCV infections.
Data from SEIEVA (period 2000-2021) were used. The association between acute HBV and HCV infection and potential risk factors, i.e. surgical interventions and diagnostic/therapeutic procedures (given according to the ICD-9-CM classification), was investigated in comparison to age-matched hepatitis A cases, used as controls, by conditional multiple logistic regression analysis.
A total of 8,176 cases with acute HBV, 2,179 with acute HCV, and the respective age-matched controls with acute HAV infection were selected for the main analysis. Most of the procedures evaluated were associated with the risk of acquiring HBV or HCV. The strongest associations for HBV infection were: gynaecological surgery (odds ratio OR 5.19; 95% CI 1.12-24.05), otorhinolaryngological surgery (OR 3.78; 95% CI 1.76-8.09), and cardiac/thoracic surgery (OR 3.52; 95% CI 1.34-9.23); while for HCV infection, they were: neurosurgery (OR 11.88; 95% CI 2.40-58.85), otorhinolaryngological surgery (OR 11.54; 95% CI 2.55-52.24), and vascular surgery (OR 9.52; 95% CI 3.25-27.87). Hepatitis C was also strongly associated with ophthalmological surgery (OR 8.32; 95% CI 2.24-30.92). Biopsy and/or endoscopic procedures were significantly associated with both HCV (OR 3.84; 95% CI 2.47-5.95) and, to a lesser extent, HBV infection (OR 1.48; 95% CI 1.16-1.90).
Despite the progress made in recent years, invasive procedures still represent a significant risk factor for acquiring parenterally transmitted hepatitis viruses, thus explaining the still numerous and unexpected cases diagnosed among the elderly population in Italy. Our results underline the importance of observing universal precautions to control the iatrogenic transmission of hepatitis viruses.
Cases of parenterally transmitted acute viral hepatitis in the elderly population, that are difficult to explain based on the most widely recognised risk factors, continue to be diagnosed in Italy. Based on the Italian SEIEVA surveillance of acute viral hepatitis data, this study highlights an increased risk of acquiring hepatitis B and C following exposure to invasive procedures, which might explain the observed cases in elderly individuals. Furthermore, this finding emphasises the need to observe universal precautions strictly, in healthcare settings, including in the case of minor surgical procedures.
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•An increased risk of acquiring hepatitis B and C following exposure to invasive procedures was observed.•Compared with hepatitis A (controls), the risk was two times higher for HBV and over five times higher for HCV.•Most of the procedures (surgical specialties) evaluated were associated with the risk of acquiring HBV or HCV.•Minor surgeries, biopsy and endoscopy showed the greater association with both HCV and HBV infection.•Complying with universal precautions in healthcare settings is crucial.
Smoking and the new trends in young women Sabato, Marise; Donato, Maria Assunta; Bonarrio, Teresa ...
Tobacco prevention & cessation,
10/2023, Letnik:
9, Številka:
Supplement 2
Journal Article
