A&A 581, A52 (2015) We discuss the properties of H$\alpha$ emission stars across the sample of
22035 spectra from the Gaia-ESO Survey internal data release, observed with the
GIRAFFE instrument and ...largely belonging to stars in young open clusters.
Automated fits using two independent Gaussian profiles and a third component
that accounts for the nebular emission allow us to discern distinct
morphological types of H$\alpha$ line profiles with the introduction of a
simplified classification scheme. All in all we find 3765 stars with intrinsic
emission and sort their spectra into eight distinct morphological categories:
single--component emission, emission blend, sharp emission peaks, double
emission, P-Cygni, inverted P-Cygni, self--absorption, and emission in
absorption. We have more than one observation for 1430 stars in our sample,
thus allowing a quantitative discussion of the degree of variability of
H$\alpha$ emission profiles, which is expected for young, active objects. We
present a catalogue of stars with properties of their H$\alpha$ emission line
profiles, morphological classification, analysis of variability with time and
the supplementary information from the SIMBAD, VizieR, and ADS databases. The
records in SIMBAD indicate the presence of H$\alpha$ emission for roughly 25%
of all stars in our catalogue, while at least 305 of them have already been
more thoroughly investigated according to the references in ADS. The most
frequently identified morphological categories in our sample of spectra are
emission blend (23%), emission in absorption (22%), and self--absorption (16%).
Objects with repeated observations demonstrate that our classification into
discrete categories is generally stable through time, but categories P-Cygni
and self--absorption seem less stable, which is the consequence of discrete
classification rules, as well as of the fundamental change in profile shape.
We discuss the properties of H\(\alpha\) emission stars across the sample of 22035 spectra from the Gaia-ESO Survey internal data release, observed with the GIRAFFE instrument and largely belonging ...to stars in young open clusters. Automated fits using two independent Gaussian profiles and a third component that accounts for the nebular emission allow us to discern distinct morphological types of H\(\alpha\) line profiles with the introduction of a simplified classification scheme. All in all we find 3765 stars with intrinsic emission and sort their spectra into eight distinct morphological categories: single--component emission, emission blend, sharp emission peaks, double emission, P-Cygni, inverted P-Cygni, self--absorption, and emission in absorption. We have more than one observation for 1430 stars in our sample, thus allowing a quantitative discussion of the degree of variability of H\(\alpha\) emission profiles, which is expected for young, active objects. We present a catalogue of stars with properties of their H\(\alpha\) emission line profiles, morphological classification, analysis of variability with time and the supplementary information from the SIMBAD, VizieR, and ADS databases. The records in SIMBAD indicate the presence of H\(\alpha\) emission for roughly 25% of all stars in our catalogue, while at least 305 of them have already been more thoroughly investigated according to the references in ADS. The most frequently identified morphological categories in our sample of spectra are emission blend (23%), emission in absorption (22%), and self--absorption (16%). Objects with repeated observations demonstrate that our classification into discrete categories is generally stable through time, but categories P-Cygni and self--absorption seem less stable, which is the consequence of discrete classification rules, as well as of the fundamental change in profile shape.
Resumo A escassez de jovens interessados pela agricultura e as incertezas no processo de sucessão geracional nas propriedades são realidades que afetam muitos países, incluindo a Espanha. Nesse país, ...menos de um terço dos agricultores são considerados jovens. Assim, o objetivo deste artigo é trazer percepções e reflexões sobre o tema com base em depoimentos de representantes das organizações sindicais espanholas ligadas, sobretudo, à agricultura familiar. Para tanto, doze entrevistas foram realizadas, transcritas e analisadas com base na técnica conhecida como análise de conteúdo. Os resultados refletem a construção de cinco categorias de análise: acesso à terra e investimentos iniciais; formação socioprofissional; rentabilidade dos estabelecimentos; serviços e infraestrutura no meio rural; e, políticas públicas para a juventude rural. No agro espanhol há setores dinâmicos e inovadores. Não obstante, a sucessão geracional se apresenta como um tema de importância transcendental. Representantes das organizações entrevistadas manifestaram preocupação com a escassez de jovens agricultores e com o futuro da agricultura. A pesquisa apontou que sucessão geracional, a instalação de jovens na agricultura e a renovação geracional da população rural são questões complexas, as quais devem ser afrontadas de maneira integral e efetiva, sobretudo porque seus desdobramentos afetam à sociedade como um todo.
Abstract The shortage of young people interested in agriculture and the lack of generational succession in the agricultural sector is a reality that affects many countries, including Spain. In that country, less than a third of farmers are considered young. Thus, the objective of this article is to bring perceptions and reflections on the subject based on testimonies of representatives of Spanish union organizations linked, above all, to family farming. For that, twelve interviews were carried out, transcribed and analyzed based on the technique known as content analysis. The results boil down to five categories of analysis: access to land and initial investments; socio-professional training; profitability of production units; services and infrastructure in rural areas, and; public policies for rural youth. Although there are more dynamic and innovative segments, generational succession is presented as a peremptory need for the Spanish agricultural sector. Representatives of all organizations interviewed expressed concern about the shortage of young farmers and the future of agriculture. In addition, the research pointed out that generational succession, the installation of young people in agriculture and the generational renewal of the agrarian population is a challenge of great complexity and, therefore, must be tackled in an integral way, involving different sectors of society.
Resumo A Espanha assistiu à eclosão de um grande número de Centros de Interpretação do Patrimônio Cultural no final dos anos 1990 e começo do novo milênio. Tal fenômeno afetou especialmente a ...Andaluzia, sendo que a ênfase desses equipamentos se volta ao mundo da olivicultura, atividade produtiva milenar cuja natureza social, política e cultural assume um caráter transcendental. Esse movimento se conecta com o discurso em torno à qualidade e valorização da alimentação saudável, sobretudo porque o azeite de oliva consiste numa das estrelas da chamada dieta mediterrânea. Não obstante, as opiniões se dividem quanto ao papel desempenhado por essas estruturas e pela forma como são gestionadas. O objetivo deste artigo foi explorar as nuances, bem como as convergências e contradições desse processo à luz da realidade concreta. A pesquisa baseou-se na realização de entrevistas em profundidade com diversos atores sociais ligados a esse setor no âmbito das províncias de Córdoba e Jaén.
Abstract Spain witnessed the emergence of a large number of Cultural Heritage Interpretation Centers in the late 1990s and the beginning of the new millennium. This phenomenon has particularly affected Andalusia, where the emphasis on such equipment has fallen on the world of olive cultivation, a millenary productive activity whose social, political and cultural nature takes on a transcendental character. This movement is connected with the discourse around the quality and valorization of healthy food, mainly because olive oil consists of one of the stars of the so-called Mediterranean diet. However, opinions are divided as to the role played by these structures and the way they are managed. The purpose of this article was to explore the nuances, as well as the convergences and contradictions of this process in the light of concrete reality. The research was based on conducting in-depth interviews with various social actors linked to this sector within the provinces of Córdoba and Jaén.
The shortage of young people interested in agriculture and the lack of generational succession in the agricultural sector is a reality that affects many countries, including Spain. In that country, ...less than a third of farmers are considered young. Thus, the objective of this article is to bring perceptions and reflections on the subject based on testimonies of representatives of Spanish union organizations linked, above all, to family farming. For that, twelve interviews were carried out, transcribed and analyzed based on the technique known as content analysis. The results boil down to five categories of analysis: access to land and initial investments; socio-professional training; profitability of production units; services and infrastructure in rural areas, and; public policies for rural youth. Although there are more dynamic and innovative segments, generational succession is presented as a peremptory need for the Spanish agricultural sector. Representatives of all organizations interviewed expressed concern about the shortage of young farmers and the future of agriculture. In addition, the research pointed out that generational succession, the installation of young people in agriculture and the generational renewal of the agrarian population is a challenge of great complexity and, therefore, must be tackled in an integral way, involving different sectors of society.
The purpose of this article was to investigate the perception of the students of the school restaurants of the Federal University of Pelotas (UFPel) on a system of preferential purchases. This is ...done through public calls that give preference to production coming from the family agriculture of Pelotas and region. A semi-structured questionnaire (survey) was applied focusing on the level of knowledge and information of respondents on what is family farming, on the aforementioned system and their respective social developments. It was verified that there are differences of perception according to the area of knowledge of the respondents. Meanwhile, there is great convergence regarding the importance of this system for the regional economy.
RESUMO: O propósito do artigo é investigar a percepção dos frequentadores dos restaurantes universitários da Universidade Federal de Pelotas sobre um sistema de compras preferenciais. Este se dá através de chamadas públicas que dão primazia à produção oriunda da agricultura familiar de Pelotas e região. Foi aplicado um questionário semiestruturado (pesquisa tipo survey) centrado no nível de conhecimento e informação dos respondentes sobre o que é agricultura familiar, sobre o aludido sistema e seus respectivos desdobramentos sociais. Constatou-se que há diferenças de percepção segundo a área do conhecimento dos respondentes. Entretanto, há grande convergência no que tange à importância deste sistema para a economia regional e para o desenvolvimento dos territórios.
Acute cerebellitis (AC) and acute cerebellar ataxia (ACA) are the principal causes of acute cerebellar dysfunction in childhood. Nevertheless. there is no accepted consensus regarding the best ...management of children with AC/ACA: the aim of the study is both to assess clinical, neuroimaging and electrophysiologic features of children with AC/ACA and to evaluate the correlation between clinical parameters, therapy and outcome.
A multicentric retrospective study was conducted on children ≤ 18 years old admitted to 12 Italian paediatric hospitals for AC/ACA from 01/01/2003 to 31/12/2013. A score based on both cerebellar and extracerebellar signs/symptoms was computed for each patient. One point was given for each sign/symptom reported. Severity was divided in three classes: low, moderate, severe.
A total of 124 children were included in the study. Of these, 118 children received a final diagnosis of ACA and 6 of AC. The most characteristic finding of AC/ACA was a broad-based gait disturbance. Other common symptoms included balance disturbances, slurred speech, vomiting, headache and fever. Neurological sequelae were reported in 6 cases (5%) There was no correlation among symptoms, cerebrospinal fluid findings, clinical outcome. There was no correlation between clinical manifestations and clinical score on admission and length of hospital stay, sex, age and EEG findings with sequelae (P > 0.05). Children with pathological magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or computed tomography (CT) had a higher probability of having clinical sequelae. Treatment was decided independently case by case. Patients with a higher clinical score on admission had a higher probability of receiving intravenous steroids.
We confirmed the literature data about the benign course of AC/ACA in most cases but we also highlighted a considerable rate of patients with neurological sequelae (5%). Pathological MRI or CT findings at admission correlate to neurological sequelae. These findings suggest the indication to perform an instrumental evaluation in all patients with AC/ACA at admission to identify those at higher risk of neurological outcome. These patients may benefit from a more aggressive therapeutic strategy and should have a closer follow-up. Randomized controlled trials are needed to confirm these observations. The ultimate goal of these studies could be to develop a standardized protocol on AC/ACA. The MRI/CT data, associated with the clinical manifestations, may allow us to define the class risk of patients for a neurological outcome.
TBI is the main cause of death and disability in individuals aged 1–45 in Western countries. One of the main challenges of TBI at present is the lack of specific diagnostic biomarkers, especially for ...mild TBI (mTBI), which remains currently difficult to value in clinical practice. In this context MiRNAs may be important mediators of the profound molecular and cellular changes that occur after TBI in both the short and the long term. Recently, plasma miRNAs profiling in human TBI, have revealed dynamic temporal regulation of miRNA expression within the cortex. Aim of this study was to select a specific miRNAs panel for mTBI, by focusing the research on the prognostic meaning of miRNAs in the hours following the trauma, in order to be able to use this MIRNAs as potential biomarkers useful for monitoring the follow up of mild TBI. Serum levels of 17 miRNAs were measured by RT-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) in 20 patients with mTBI at three different time-points (0 h, 24 h, 48 h) and in 10 controls. For 15 miRNAs we found a significant differences in the comparison among the three time points: for each of these miRNAs the values were greater at baseline and progressively reduced at 24 h and 48 h. These data allow us to consider the miRNAs included in panel as sensitive and specific biomarkers for mTBI, useful in monitoring the post-trauma period.
Postoperative pulmonary complications (PPCs) significantly contribute to postoperative morbidity and mortality. We conducted a study to determine the incidence of PPCs after major elective abdominal ...surgery and their association with early and 1-year mortality in patient without pre-existing respiratory disease.
We conducted a multicenter observational prospective clinical study in 40 Italian centers. 1542 patients undergoing elective major abdominal surgery were recruited in a time period of 14 days and clinically managed according to local protocol. The primary outcome was to determine the incidence of PPCs. Further, we aimed to identify independent predictors for PPCs and examine the association between PPCs and mortality.
PPCs occurred in 12.6% (95% CI 11.1-14.4%) of patients with significant differences among general (18.3%, 95% CI 15.7-21.0%), gynecological (3.7%, 95% CI 2.1-6.0%) and urological surgery (9.0%, 95% CI 6.0-12.8%). PPCs development was associated with known pre- and intraoperative risk factors. Patients who developed PPCs had longer length of hospital stay, higher risk of 30-days hospital readmission, and increased in-hospital and one-year mortality (OR 3.078, 95% CI 1.825-5.191; P<0.001).
The incidence of PPCs in patients without pre-existing respiratory disease undergoing elective abdominal surgery is high and associated with worse clinical outcome at one year after surgery. General surgery is associated with higher incidence of PPCs and mortality compared to gynecological and urological surgery.
The purpose of this article was to investigate the perception of the students of the school restaurants of the Federal University of Pelotas (UFPel) on a system of preferential purchases. This is ...done through public calls that give preference to production coming from the family agriculture of Pelotas and region. A semi-structured questionnaire (survey) was applied focusing on the level of knowledge and information of respondents on what is family farming, on the aforementioned system and their respective social developments. It was verified that there are differences of perception according to the area of knowledge of the respondents. Meanwhile, there is great convergence regarding the importance of this system for the regional economy. Key words: regional development, UFPel PNAE, PAA, social representations. O proposito do artigo e investigar a percepcao dos frequentadores dos restaurantes universitarios da Universidade Federal de Pelotas sobre um sistema de compras preferenciais. Este se da atraves de chamadas publicas que dao primazia a producao oriunda da agricultura familiar de Pelotas e regiao. Foi aplicado um questionario semiestruturado (pesquisa tipo survey) centrado no nivel de conhecimento e informacao dos respondentes sobre o que e agricultura familiar, sobre o aludido sistema e seus respectivos desdobramentos sociais. Constatou-se que ha diferencas de percepcao segundo a area do conhecimento dos respondentes. Entretanto, ha grande convergencia no que tange a importancia deste sistema para a economia regional e para o desenvolvimento dos territorios. Palavras-chave: desenvolvimento regional; PNAE; PAA; representacoes sociais.
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