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Celecoxib (CLX) is a selective COX-2 inhibitor with anticancer potential in a COX-2 dependent and independent manner. CLX’s low water solubility has a dose limiting effect on its ...utilization in cancer treatment. Here, we developed liposomal drug delivery systems to allow a systemic administration and increase tumor accumulation of CLX based on the enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) mechanism. Nine liposomal formulations has been prepared with different phospholipid compositions; among them three sets of liposomal formulations were selected based on characterization and stability for further studies. Anti-tumor effects of CLX-entrapped liposomal formulations were tested in vitro by cytotoxicity test and in vivo in BALB/c mice bearing C26 colon carcinoma. Biodistribution of liposomal-CLX has been studied by radiolabeling of CLX with I125.The selected formulations had average size of about 100 nm, a narrow monomodal distribution with storage stability of at least one year at 4 °C. The HSPC/DSPG/cholesterol/DSPE-PEG2000/CLX (65/10/10/5/10 M ratio) liposomal formulation had slowest release profile and greatest antitumor effects in vivo. This liposomal I125CLX formulation had a three times more accumulation in tumor site in comparison to the free I125CLX. Liposomal CLX may serve as a safe, slow release and effective anti-tumor agent and merits further investigation.
There has been considerable academic interest in the study of nonlinear dynamical models and their exact traveling waves over the past few years. The main aim of the present paper is to consider a ...nonlinear dynamical model known as the nonlinear Konno–Oono model and derive its exact traveling waves. Specifically, after applying a universal transformation, periodic and solitary waves of the governing model with applications in the electromagnetic field are derived using generalized methods. Through the consideration of two- and three-dimensional simulations, several case studies are considered to represent the dynamical behavior of soliton solutions.
The principal goal of the presented paper is to investigate the dynamics of optical solitons for the generalized Sasa–Satsuma (GSS) equation describing the propagation of the femtosecond pulses in ...the systems of optical fiber transmission. More precisely, the governing model, which is a generalized version of the classical Sasa–Satsuma equation, is firstly reduced in a one-dimensional real regime through a specific transformation; then, its bright and dark optical solitons are established using the modified Kudryashov (MK) method. The changes in the amplitude of the bright and dark solitons are analyzed as a case study for various classes of free parameters. Considerable changes are observed in the optical solitons amplitude from the results presented in the current study.
This study presents a new numerical approach for solving fractional-order pantograph partial-differential equations, in which the fractional derivatives are expressed in the Caputo sense. New ...operational matrices are obtained by introducing the two-variable Gegenbauer polynomials. Using these matrices with the collocation method, solving the fractional order pantograph partial differential equation is converted into solving a system of algebraic equations. An error bound is computed for this method. Also, some examples are presented that show our proposed method has a better agreement with the exact solution in comparison with methods such as the homotopy perturbation and natural decomposition methods so that we can say that it is about
10
3
times more precise than the two mentioned methods. In general, our method provides a useful tool for solving these equations.
•Considering a high-order nonlinear Schrödinger equation in a non-Kerr law media with the weak non-local nonlinearity.•Extracting some real and imaginary parts of the model using a wave variable ...transformation.•The modified Kudryashov method and symbolic computations are adopted to successfully retrieve optical solitons of the model.
The present paper explores a high-order nonlinear Schrödinger equation in a non-Kerr law media with the weak non-local nonlinearity describing solitons’ propagation through nonlinear optical fibers. To this end, the real and imaginary parts of the model are firstly extracted using a wave variable transformation. The modified Kudryashov method and symbolic computations are then adopted to successfully retrieve optical solitons of the model. The results presented in the current study demonstrate the great performance of the modified Kudryashov method in handling high-order nonlinear Schrödinger equations.
In this paper, a new approach for solving the system of fractional integro-differential equation with weakly singular kernels is introduced. The method is based on a class of symmetric orthogonal ...polynomials called shifted sixth-kind Chebyshev polynomials. First, the operational matrices are constructed, and after that, the method is described. This method reduces a system of weakly singular fractional integro-differential equations (WSFIDEs) by the collocation method into a system of algebraic equations. Thereupon, an upper error bound for the proposed method is determined. Finally, some numerical examples are prepared to test the accuracy and efficiency of the presented method.
In the present paper, the (2+1)-dimensional potential Kadomtsev–Petviashvili equation (2D-pKPE) that arises in the vast areas of applied sciences is explored. First, by employing particular ...transformations, the equivalent structures of the 2D-pKPE are constructed. Solitons and complexiton of the 2D-pKPE are then extracted using Hirota and exponential methods. In the end, Ma’s algorithm is formally employed to prove the Hirota N-soliton condition of the 2D-pKPE.
The novel radiotracer has been studied with the title of Graphene quantum dots (GQDs) and decorated by the usage of selenium (Se), while surface modification has been carried out in the following ...through the utilization of Polyethylene glycol (PEG) and labeled with
99m
Technetium (
99m
Tc). Moreover,
99m
Tc has been eluted from a
99
Mo/
99m
Tc producer, and Graphene quantum dots have been synthesized with high photoluminescence (PL) intensity throughout the range of 600 to 900 nm. We have also evaluated the labeling stability percentages of GQDs and
99m
Tc in double-distilled water and human serum through the application of the Instant Thin Layer Chromatography (ITLC) method in different time intervals; it should be noted that methanol and acetone have been applied as the mobile phase. Radioactivity of
99m
Tc-GQDs have been injected into nine designated rats through their tail, while the bio distribution of radioactivity was being surveyed through a Gamma counter and had the percent of Injected Dose per gram (%ID/g) calculated for each organ. In addition, the process of capturing static posterior and anterior images by the application of a gamma camera has been done in vivo. In accordance with the observations, there has been a higher GQDs (Se-PEG) distribution throughout the kidneys when compared to the other organs. There is the possibility of exerting these quantum dots for the labeling of kidneys since they can almost completely escape the body within 24 h.
A general formulation is constructed for Jacobi operational matrices of integration, product, and delay on an arbitrary interval. The main purpose of this study is to improve Jacobi operational ...matrices for solving delay or advanced integro–differential equations. Some theorems are established and utilized to reduce the computational costs. All algorithms can be used for both linear and nonlinear Fredholm and Volterra integro-differential equations with delay. An error estimator is introduced to approximate the absolute error when the exact solution of a given problem is not available. The error of the proposed method is less compared to other common methods such as the Taylor collocation, Chebyshev collocation, hybrid Euler–Taylor matrix, and Boubaker collocation methods. The reliability and efficiency of the proposed scheme are demonstrated by some numerical experiments.
Background
Neuropathic pain triggered by peripheral nerve lesion is extremely difficult to manage with current approaches, hence the importance of exploring therapeutic alternatives.
Methods
We have ...analysed adipose‐derived mesenchymal stem cells (AD‐MSCs) and fibroblast growth factor 1 gene‐transfected adipose‐derived mesenchymal stem cells (AD‐MSCs FGF1) on chronic constriction injury (CCI). The mechanical and thermal hypersensitivity were assessed using the von Frey filament, radiant heat and acetone drop tests. Histopathological and apoptotic changes and the level of FGF1, GFAP and TNFα proteins were assessed in the lumbar portion (L4–L6). Moreover, AD‐MSCs FGF1 were labelled with 99mTc ‐HMPAO and isolated organ counting were performed upon AD‐MSCs FGF1 administration.
Results
Administration of AD‐MSCs FGF1 attenuated the CCI‐induced mechanical and thermal hypersensitivity. Spinal structural alterations and apoptosis were decreased in the AD‐MSCs FGF1 group. The injection of either phosphate‐buffered saline or normal NIH3T3 fibroblasts could not attenuate the behavioural symptoms of neuropathic pain. Increased genetically engineered cells were counted in the injured sciatic nerve and the elevated levels of FGF1 were detected in the spinal tissue. Stem cell therapy lead to decrement the level of the CCI‐induced TNF‐α and GFAP expression.
Conclusion
The intravenous administration of AD‐MSCs FGF1 could be considered as a potential remedy for the management of neuropathic pain.
Significance
AD‐MSCs FGF1 attenuated the CCI‐induced mechanical and thermal hypersensitivity. Spinal structural alterations and apoptosis were significantly decreased in the AD‐MSCs FGF1 group. Elevated levels of FGF1 were detected in the spinal tissue.
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