In this article, the flow of ternary nanofluid is analysed past a stretching sheet subjected to Thomson and Troian slip condition along with the temperature jump. The ternary nanofluid is formed by ...suspending three different types of nanoparticles namely Formula: see text and Formula: see text into water which acts as a base fluid and leads to the motion of nanoparticles. The high thermal conductivity and chemical stability of silver was the main cause for its suspension as the third nanoparticle into the hybrid nanofluid Formula: see text. Thus, forming the ternary nanofluid Formula: see text. The sheet is assumed to be vertically stretching where the gravitational force will have its impact in the form of free convection. Furthermore, the presence of radiation and heat source/sink is assumed so that the energy equation thus formed will be similar to most of the real life applications. The assumption mentioned here leads to the mathematical model framed using partial differential equations (PDE) which are further transformed to ordinary differential equations (ODE) using suitable similarity transformations. Thus, obtained system of equations is solved by incorporating the RKF-45 numerical technique. The results indicated that the increase in the suspension of silver nanoparticles enhanced the temperature and due to density, the velocity of the flow is reduced. The slip in the velocity decreased the flow speed while the temperature of the nanofluid was observed to be increasing.
The inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs), including ulcerative colitis and Crohn disease, are chronic inflammatory disorders of the gastrointestinal tract most often diagnosed in adolescence and young ...adulthood, with a rising incidence in pediatric populations. These disorders are common enough in children that most pediatricians and other pediatric clinicians will encounter children with IBD in their general practice. Inflammatory bowel disease is caused by a dysregulated mucosal immune response to the intestinal microflora in genetically predisposed hosts. Although children can present with the classic symptoms of weight loss, abdominal pain, and bloody diarrhea, many present with nonclassic symptoms of isolated poor growth, anemia, or other extraintestinal manifestations. Once IBD is diagnosed, the goals of therapy consist of eliminating symptoms, normalizing quality of life, restoring growth, and preventing complications while minimizing the adverse effects of medications. Unique considerations when treating children and adolescents with IBD include attention to the effects of the disease on growth and development, bone health, and psychosocial functioning. The purpose of this review is to provide a contemporary overview of the epidemiologic features, pathogenesis, diagnosis, and management of IBD in children and adolescents.
The current study emphasizes the synthesis of iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) and impact of hydrophilic polymer polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) coating concentration as well as anticancer drug doxorubicin ...(DOX) loading on saturation magnetization for target drug delivery applications. Iron oxide nanoparticles particles were synthesized by a reformed version of the co-precipitation method. The coating of polyvinyl alcohol along with doxorubicin loading was carried out by the physical immobilization method. X-ray diffraction confirmed the magnetite (Fe3O4) structure of particles that remained unchanged before and after polyvinyl alcohol coating and drug loading. Microstructure and morphological analysis was carried out by transmission electron microscopy revealing the formation of nanoparticles with an average size of 10 nm with slight variation after coating and drug loading. Transmission electron microscopy, energy dispersive, and Fourier transform infrared spectra further confirmed the conjugation of polymer and doxorubicin with iron oxide nanoparticles. The room temperature superparamagnetic behavior of polymer-coated and drug-loaded magnetite nanoparticles were studied by vibrating sample magnetometer. The variation in saturation magnetization after coating evaluated that a sufficient amount of polyvinyl alcohol would be 3 wt. % regarding the externally controlled movement of IONPs in blood under the influence of applied magnetic field for in-vivo target drug delivery.
The accident-tolerant fuel concept involves replacing the conventional cladding system (zirconium) with a new material or coating that has specific thermomechanical properties. The aim of this study ...is to evaluate the neutronics performance of a chromium coating concept and design solutions. A Zircaloy–uranium fuel system (Zr–U) is currently used as a standard fuel system in pressurized water reactors around the world. This investigation presents the benefits of utilizing an alternative cladding material such as chromium coating and the effects on the thermal neutron parameters of the way in which the chromium coating is introduced in the reactor fuel. Among these significant benefits is an increase in the reactor fuel’s thermal conductivity, which improves reactor safety. Two types of fuel-cladding systems were investigated: Zircaloy–uranium (Zr–U) and Zircaloy–chromium (Zr–Cr–U) coating fuel systems. Neutronics analysis evaluations were performed for the selected fuel assemblies and a two-dimensional full core based on an APR-1400 reactor design. Neutronics analyses were performed for the application of the new fuel-cladding material systems using the reactor-physics Monte Carlo code Serpent 2.31.
The present study aims to validate the Flourishing Scale (FS) in a convenience sample of 233 special education teachers. The FS's psychometric properties were investigated using exploratory factor ...analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). EFA had a one‐factor solution that explained 49.9% of the variance, a Cronbach's alpha internal consistency of .83, and a McDonald omega coefficient of .83. For the scale validity, the FS had a 0.36 to 0.56 correlation with the Satisfaction with Life Scale (SLWS), Happiness Measures (HM), and Life Satisfaction (LS), indicating convergent validity. The FS was also correlated with the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale, implying its discriminant validity. The FS's one‐factor model produced good fit indices when running the CFA. Multi‐group confirmatory factor analysis (MGCFA) was used to evaluate measurement invariance. With one non‐invariant item, the result revealed partial scalar invariance across gender and marital status groups. There were no differences across gender and marital status when the latent mean differences were also evaluated. The results revealed no statistically significant differences in FS between males and females, or between single and married participants. The limitations and implications of the study are discussed.
Practitioner points
Findings of this study indicated that the Arabic version of the Flourishing Scale has acceptable reliability and construct validity for the sample of special education teachers.
The scores of positive perceptions of special education teachers were lower compared with those reported in previous studies with different samples.
The Flourishing Scale with one‐factor model produced good fit and measurement invariance revealed partial scalar invariance across gender and marital status groups.
This paper presents an improvement to the fault ride-through (FRT) capabilities for a wind turbine that employs a switched reluctance generator (SRG) using a dynamic voltage restorer (DVR). The wind ...turbine may be disconnected from the grid by voltage sag, swell, and faulty line voltage in the grid. To improve the stator voltage of an SRG during grid failures, the DVR is applied to inject voltage at the point of common coupling (PCC) into the grid voltage. A control strategy for the DVR based on fuzzy logic controller (FLC) is proposed in this study to improve the FRT capability and meet the grid codes while avoiding the disconnection of the turbine from the grid. MATLAB/SIMULINK simulation validated the effectiveness and performance of this approach under three test cases: balanced sag, unbalanced sag, and a single line-to-ground fault. In addition, the total harmonic distortions utilizing different controllers were compared in sag mode. Furthermore, the simulation results exhibited significant improvement in transient and steady-state response, thus verifying the effectiveness of the control strategy compared to traditional methods.
•Preliminary neutronics analysis for alternative fuel cladding materials.•Effectiveness of utilizing different ATF materials on the thermal neutron flux.•Pu-239 inventory for various cladding ...materials during fuel cycle.
This paper presents a preliminary neutronics analysis for Accident Tolerant Fuel (ATF) cladding materials for standard APR-1400 reactor A0 fuel assembly. AMPT, FeCrAl, 304 and 310 stainless steels, and SiC were considered and compared with the original Zircaloy-4 cladding material. A parametric evaluation was done for fuel and cladding materials to confirm the geometry requirements to achieve the end-of-cycle fuel reactivity, and the results were compared with the standard APR-1400 reference fuel-cladding system. Serpent Monte Carlo reactor physics code version 2.31 was utilized to evaluate the associated neutronics penalty when different cladding materials were used such as, fuel reactivity, thermal neutron spectrum, plutonium and isotopic inventory evolution, and fuel assembly linear pin power distribution. In the examined cases, fuel enrichments were fixed, and cladding thickness and pellet diameter were changed for zircaloy, cases 1 – 4. As a result, thermal neutron absorption cross section varies between materials due to higher absorbing cross section leads to hardening of the neutron spectrum in the fuel-cladding system. That leads to a slight increase in the production of actinides in the inventory such as plutonium.
Split‐thickness skin grafts (STSG) are widely used in wound reconstruction. However, donor site wounds are created as a result. Traditionally, moist wound healing and transparent film dressings have ...been used to promote donor site wound healing. This retrospective study evaluated the use of oxidised regenerated cellulose (ORC)/collagen/silver‐ORC dressing (ORC/C/Ag‐ORC) with an absorptive silicone adhesive border dressing and transparent film dressing (treatment) compared with petrolatum‐based gauze dressing (control) over donor site wounds. Patients underwent an STSG procedure between January and December 2020. Donor sites received treatment (n = 10) or control (n = 10) dressings. Dressing changes occurred as necessary. Time to epithelialisation, narcotic pain medication requirements, and the number of office/hospital visits were examined. Twenty patients were managed (9 males, 11 females, average age: 49.7 ± 13.9 y). Patient comorbidities included hypertension, diabetes, and hyperlipidemia. Wound types included traumatic and cancer excision. Time to epithelialisation was significantly reduced in the treatment group (11.1 ± 1.4 d vs 18 ± 2.4 d, P < 0.0001). The number of office visits for dressing changes was significantly lower in the treatment group (0.1 ± 0.3 vs 2 ± 0.7, P < 0.0001). No patients in the treatment group required a hospital visit, compared with 3 patients in the control group. One patient in the treatment group required narcotic pain medication, compared with 5 in the control group. In this patient population, the use of ORC/C/Ag‐ORC, an absorptive silicone adhesive border dressing, and transparent film dressing resulted in a shorter time to epithelialisation and less analgesic requirement compared with petrolatum‐based gauze dressing use.
Abstract
Aim
Mental distress, non‐specific symptoms of depression and anxiety, is common in chronic pelvic pain (CPP). It contributes to poor recovery. Women's health nurses operate in ...multidisciplinary teams to facilitate the assessment and treatment of CPP. However, valid cut‐off points for identifying highly distressed patients are lacking, entailing a gap in CPP management.
Design
This instrumental cross‐sectional study identified a statistically derived cut‐off score for the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale‐8 (DASS‐8) among 214 Australian women with CPP (mean age = 33.3, SD = 12.4, range = 13–71 years).
Methods
Receiver operator characteristic curve, decision trees and K‐means clustering techniques were used to examine the predictive capacity of the DASS‐8 for psychiatric comorbidity, pain severity, any medication intake, analgesic intake and sexual abuse. The study is prepared according to the STROBE checklist.
Results
Cut‐off points resulting from the analysis were ordered ascendingly. The median (13.0) was chosen as an optimal cut‐off score for predicting key outcomes. Women with DASS‐8 scores below 15.5 had higher analgesic intake.
Conclusion
CPP women with a DASS‐8 score above 13.0 express greater pain severity, psychiatric comorbidity and polypharmacy. Thus, they may be a specific target for nursing interventions dedicated to alleviating pain through the management of associated co‐morbidities.
Implications for patient care
At a cut‐off point of 13.0, the DASS‐8 may be a practical instrument for recommending a thorough clinician‐based examination for psychiatric comorbidity to facilitate adequate CPP management. It may be useful for evaluating patients' response to nursing pain management efforts. Replications of the study in different populations/countries are warranted.
Selective hydrogenation of nitriles is an industrially relevant synthetic route for the preparation of primary amines. Amorphous metal–boron alloys have a tunable, glass‐like structure that generates ...a high concentration of unsaturated metal surface atoms that serve as active sites in hydrogenation reactions. Here, a method to create nanoparticles composed of mesoporous 3D networks of amorphous nickel–boron (Ni‐B) alloy is reported. The hydrogenation of benzyl cyanide to β‐phenylethylamine is used as a model reaction to assess catalytic performance. The mesoporous Ni‐B alloy spheres have a turnover frequency value of 11.6 h−1, which outperforms non‐porous Ni‐B spheres with the same composition. The bottom‐up synthesis of mesoporous transition metal–metalloid alloys expands the possible reactions that these metal architectures can perform while simultaneously incorporating more Earth‐abundant catalysts.
A method to create nanoparticles composed of mesoporous 3D networks of amorphous nickel–boron (Ni‐B) alloy is reported. The resulting mesoporous structure enables good mass transport into the interior surfaces of the particles. The bottom‐up synthesis of mesoporous transition metal–metalloid alloys expands the possible reactions that these metal architectures can perform while simultaneously incorporating more Earth‐abundant catalysts.
PDF
