Populations of
Megalaspis cordyla (horse mackerel) from four areas, two each from the east (Digha and Mandapam regions in the Bay of Bengal) and west (Cochin and Mumbai regions of the Arabian Sea) ...coasts of the Indian peninsula, were studied using body shape morphometrics. A truss box method (
Strauss and Bookstein, 1982) was followed, and 33 distance variables were extracted from digital images of sample specimens using the software platforms tpsDig2 and PAST. The transformed truss measurements were subjected to factor analysis and classification by cross-validation of discriminant analysis. Measurements from the anterior half of the fish body showed meaningful loadings on the first factor, and those from the caudal peduncle gave high loadings on the second factor. The combination of distance variables that produced the minimum amount of misclassification consisted of variables belonging to the middle portion of the body. Our results indicated a clear separation of the Bay of Bengal and Arabian Sea populations. The Mumbai and Cochin populations exhibited obvious mixing, indicating the possible existence of a unique stock along the west coast of India. In the cross-validation of the morphometrics by discriminant analysis, the most well-defined group was the Mandapam population, with only 3.59% of the individuals being misclassified, followed by Digha, indicating limited gene flow in the Bay of Bengal populations of the horse mackerel. The strong morphometric differentiation observed between the Mandapam and Digha populations, in addition to the considerable coral reef features of the Gulf of Mannar region, suggests the existence of separate spawning stock populations of horse mackerel in these regions, which might require distinct stock assessment programs to provide effective management strategies for the east coast.
We present images taken using the Gemini South Adaptive Optics Imager (GSAOI) with the Gemini Multi-conjugate Adaptive Optics System (GeMS) in three 2 arcmin2 fields in the Spitzer Extragalactic ...Representative Volume Survey. These GeMS/GSAOI observations are among the first 0 1 resolution data in the near-infrared spanning extragalactic fields exceeding 1 5 in size. We use these data to estimate galaxy sizes, obtaining results similar to those from studies with the Hubble Space Telescope, though we find a higher fraction of compact star-forming galaxies at z > 2. To disentangle the star-forming galaxies from active galactic nuclei (AGNs), we use multiwavelength data from surveys in the optical and infrared, including far-infrared data from Herschel, as well as new radio continuum data from the Australia Telescope Compact Array and Very Large Array. We identify ultraluminous infrared galaxies (ULIRGs) at z ∼ 1-3, which consist of a combination of pure starburst galaxies and AGN/starburst composites. The ULIRGs show signs of recent merger activity, such as highly disturbed morphologies and include a rare candidate triple-AGN. We find that AGNs tend to reside in hosts with smaller scale sizes than purely star-forming galaxies of similar infrared luminosity. Our observations demonstrate the potential for MCAO to complement the deeper galaxy surveys to be made with the James Webb Space Telescope.
We present Hubble Space Telescope images and spectral energy distributions from optical to infrared wavelengths for a sample of six 0.3 < z < 0.8 type 2 quasars selected in the mid-infrared using ...data from the Spitzer Space Telescope. All the host galaxies show some signs of disturbance. Most seem to possess dusty, star-forming disks. The disk inclination, estimated from the axial ratio of the hosts, correlates with the depth of the silicate feature in the mid-infrared spectra, implying that at least some of the reddening toward the AGN arises in the host galaxy. The star formation rates in these objects, as inferred from the strengths of the PAH features and far-infrared continuum, range from 3 to 90 M unk yr super(-1), but are mostly much larger than those inferred from the 0 II A3727 emission-line luminosity, due to obscuration. Taken together with studies of type 2 quasar hosts from samples selected in the optical and X-ray, this is consistent with previous suggestions that two types of extinction processes operate within the type 2 quasar population, namely, a component due to the dusty torus in the immediate environment of the AGN, and a more extended component due to a dusty, star-forming disk.
We present the mid-infrared (IR) spectra of seven of the most powerful radio-galaxies known to exist at 1.5 < z < 2.6. The radio emission of these sources is dominated by the AGN with 500 MHz ...luminosities in the range 1027.8-1029.1 W Hz−1. The AGN signature is clearly evident in the mid-IR spectra; however, we also detect polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon emission, indicative of prodigious star formation at a rate of up to ∼1000 M yr−1. Interestingly, we observe no significant correlation between AGN power and star formation in the host galaxy. We also find most of these radio galaxies to have weak 9.7 μm silicate absorption features (τ9.7 μm < 0.8) which implies that their mid-IR obscuration is predominantly due to the dusty torus that surrounds the central engine, rather than the host galaxy. The tori are likely to have an inhomogeneous distribution with the obscuring structure consisting of individual clouds. We estimate that these radio galaxies have already formed the bulk of their stellar mass and appear to lie at a stage in their evolution where the obscured AGN dominates the energy output of the system but star formation is also prevalent.
Quasi experiment; single experimental group with matched historical control.
To evaluate the effect of an additive robotic-assisted gait training (RAGT) using the Lokomat system on the neurological ...and functional outcomes of patients with subacute spinal cord injury (SCI).
Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation.
A total of 28 subacute SCI patients were treated by RAGT, 2-3 times a week, 30-45 min every treatment, concomitantly with regular physiotherapy. As control, for each patient, we matched a comparable patient treated in the same department in previous years, according to age, severity of injury, level of injury and cause. The main outcomes were: the AIS (American Spinal Injury Association impairment scale) the spinal cord independence measurement (SCIM) score, the walking index for SCI II (WISCI II) and functional ambulation category scale (FAC).
At the end of rehabilitation, both groups showed a significant improvement in both the FAC score and the WISCI score (P<0.01) without differences between the groups. Functional abilities, according to the SCIM score, were also improved, with a significant interaction effect; the RAGT patients improve by 30±20 points, which was significantly greater gain as compared with the controls, 21±14 points (P=0.05). This improvement was mainly due to the change in the SCIM motor subscales.
RAGT is an important additional treatment to improve the functional outcome of subacute SCI patients. Larger, controlled studies are still required to determine the optimal timing and protocol design for the maximal efficacy of RAGT in SCI patients.
The Planck Early Release Compact Source Catalogue (ERCSC) has offered the first opportunity to accurately determine the luminosity function of dusty galaxies in the very local Universe (i.e. ...distances 100 Mpc), at several (sub-)millimetre wavelengths, using blindly selected samples of low-redshift sources, unaffected by cosmological evolution. This project, however, requires careful consideration of a variety of issues including the choice of the appropriate flux density measurement, the separation of dusty galaxies from radio sources and from Galactic sources, the correction for the CO emission, the effect of density inhomogeneities and more. We present estimates of the local luminosity functions at 857 GHz (350 μm), 545 GHz (550 μm) and 353 GHz (850 μm) extending across the characteristic luminosity L
, and a preliminary estimate over a limited luminosity range at 217 GHz (1382 μm). At 850 μm and for luminosities L
L
our results agree with previous estimates, derived from the Submillimeter Common-User Bolometer Array (SCUBA) Local Universe Galaxy Survey, but are higher than the latter at L
L
. We also find good agreement with estimates at 350 and 500 μm based on preliminary Herschel survey data.
► Separate stocks of
Decapterus russelli from east and west coast of India. ► Separation likely due to geographical barrier and different hydrological conditions. ► Overlapping of the stocks within ...the coasts was observed. ► Separate management strategy for each stock is needed for sustainability. ► Molecular and biochemical methods can further confirm the present observation.
Decapterus russelli (Indian Scad) is an important pelagic carangid distributed on both east and west coast of India. Despite its wide distribution, the stock structure of the species is not well known. The present study was conducted to investigate stock structure of
D. russelli, based on body shape morphometrics using truss network system. A total number of 360 samples of the species were collected from two centres, Digha and Visakhapatnam in Bay of Bengal from east coast and on the west coast from Mumbai and Cochin in Arabian Sea. A truss network was constructed by interconnecting 11 landmarks to form a total of 23 distance variables extracted from digital images of samples using tps Dig2 and PAST software platforms. The transformed truss measurements were subjected to factor analysis and classification by cross-validation of discriminant analysis. Factor analysis showed meaningful loading of the middle portion, the portion below the second dorsal fin, above anal fin, and the caudal portion on first and second factor, respectively. The factor analysis revealed the existence of two morphologically different stocks of
D. russelli between east and west coast of India. The discriminant analysis was conducted by the combination of the truss distances that loaded on Factor-1 and Factor-2. The measurements that belonged to the middle portion and caudal portion of the body produced minimum misclassification rate of 5% between the coasts; whereas, the misclassification was 28% for all the four stocks. The misclassification was higher between the stocks within the coast. The high rate of misclassification observed within the coast is probably the result of no demarcation in fishing area. The occurrence of a separate stock on each coast may be the result of different physical and ecological condition of Bay of Bengal and Arabian Sea.
We report Chandra X-ray constraints for 20 of the 52 high-redshift ultraluminous infrared galaxies (ULIRGs) identified in the Spitzer Extragalactic First Look Survey with f{sub n}u(24 {mu}m)>0.9 mJy, ...log((nuf{sub n}u(24mum))/(nuf{sub n}u(R)))>1, and log(((nuf{sub n}u(24mum))/(nuf{sub n}u(8mum)))>0.5. Notably, decomposition of Spitzer mid-infrared IRS spectra for the entire sample indicates that they are comprised predominantly of weak polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon ULIRGs dominated by hot-dust continua, characteristic of active galactic nuclei (AGNs) activity. Given their redshifts, they have AGN bolometric luminosities of {approx}10{sup 45}-10{sup 47} erg s{sup -1} comparable to powerful quasi-stellar objects (QSOs). This, coupled with their high IR-to-optical ratios and often significant silicate absorption, strongly argues in favor of these mid-IR objects being heavily obscured QSOs. Here we use Chandra observations to further constrain their obscuration. At X-ray energies, we marginally detect two ULIRGs, while the rest have only upper limits. Using the IRS-derived 5.8 {mu}m AGN continuum luminosity as a proxy for the expected X-ray luminosities, we find that all of the observed sources must individually be highly obscured, while X-ray stacking limits on the undetected sources suggest that the majority, if not all, are likely to be at least mildly Compton-thick (N{sub H} {approx}> 10{sup 24} cm{sup -2}). With a space density of {approx}1.4 x 10{sup -7} Mpc{sup -3} at z {approx} 2, such objects imply an obscured AGN fraction (i.e., the ratio of AGNs above and below N{sub H} = 10{sup 22} cm{sup -2}) of {approx}>1.7:1 even among luminous QSOs. Given that we do not correct for mid-IR extinction effects and that our ULIRG selection is by no means complete for obscured AGNs, we regard our constraints as a lower limit to the true obscured fraction among QSOs at this epoch. Our findings, which are based on extensive multi-wavelength constraints including Spitzer IRS spectra, should aid in the interpretation of similar objects from larger or deeper mid-IR surveys, where considerable uncertainty about the source properties remains and comparable follow-up is not yet feasible.
Hilsa,
Tenualosa ilisha
, is a popular fish in northern Bay of Bengal and Hooghly-Bhagirathi river system in India. Despite the high commercial and cultural importance of the species in the region, ...data on its catch status and fishing effort are highly fragmentary and, sometimes, not reliable as these have not been systematically gathered. By adopting ‘Stratified Multistage Random Sampling’ method, mostly followed for marine fish catch estimation, with modifications to suit the nature of inland fish landings and migratory habit of the species, the annual catch of hilsa in Hooghly-Bhagirathi river system and associated coastal waters in northern Bay of Bengal was estimated for four consecutive years, from 2013 to 2016, as 16,318 t, 45,615 t 12,192 t and 48,922 t, respectively. The catch thus estimated was validated by comparing it with the daily catch data collected by enumerators for three months each during fishing seasons in the first two years from two locations. The catch, seasonality, CPUE and the fishing gear and crafts used were recorded. Comparison of the estimated catch of hilsa with the earlier reported catches indicated that the commercial fisheries of the fish in the Hooghly-Bhagirathi river system have seriously declined, highlighting the compelling need for conservation of the species and managing its fishery.
PDF
