We present the C II 158 m line luminosity functions (LFs) at z ∼ 4-6 using the ALMA observations of 118 sources, which are selected to have UV luminosity M1500 < −20.2 and optical spectroscopic ...redshifts in COSMOS and ECDF-S. Of the 118 targets, 75 have significant C II detections and 43 are upper limits. This is by far the largest sample of C II detections, which allows us to set constraints on the volume density of C II emitters at z ∼ 4-6. But because this is a UV-selected sample, we are missing C II-bright but UV-faint sources, making our constraints strict lower limits. Our derived LFs are statistically consistent with the z ∼ 0 C II LF at 108.25-109.75L . We compare our results with the upper limits of the C II LF derived from serendipitous sources in the ALPINE maps. We also infer the C II LFs based on published far-IR and CO LFs at z ∼ 4-6. Combining our robust lower limits with these additional estimates, we set further constraints on the true number density of C II emitters at z ∼ 4-6. These additional LF estimates are largely above our LF at LCII > 109L , suggesting that UV-faint but C II-bright sources likely make significant contributions to the C II emitter volume density. When we include all the LF estimates, we find that available model predictions underestimate the number densities of C II emitters at z ∼ 4-6. Finally, we set a constraint on the molecular gas mass density at z ∼ 4-6, with mol ∼ (2-7) × 107M Mpc−3. This is broadly consistent with previous studies.
We present results from James Clerk Maxwell Telescope (JCMT) submillimetre (submm) observations of sources selected from the Infrared Space Observatory (ISO) FIRBACK (Far-infrared Background) survey, ...along with United Kingdom Infrared Telescope (UKIRT) near-infrared imaging of a subsample. This gives valuable insight into the brightest ∼10 per cent of galaxies that contribute to the cosmic infrared background (CIB). We estimate the photometric redshifts and luminosities of these sources by fitting their spectral energy distributions (SEDs). The data appear to show a bimodal galaxy distribution, with normal star-forming galaxies at z≃ 0, and a much more luminous population at z∼ 0.4–0.9. These are similar to the ultraluminous infrared galaxies which are found to evolve rapidly with redshift in other surveys. The detectability threshold of FIRBACK biases the sample away from much higher redshift (z≃ 1.5) objects. Nevertheless, the handful of z∼ 0.5 sources that we identify are likely to be the low-z counterparts of the typically higher-z sources found in blank field submm observations. This subsample, being much more nearby than the average Submillimetre Common User Bolometer Array (SCUBA) galaxies, has the virtue of being relatively easy to study in the optical. Hence their detailed investigation could help elucidate the nature of the submm bright galaxies.
Recent Spitzer observations have revealed a substantial population of z similar to 2 ultraluminous infrared galaxies (ULJRGs) with deep silicate absorption (T sub(9.7) > 1). This paper reports a 20 ...cm radio study of such a sample to elucidate their physical nature. We discover that a substantial fraction (40%) of deep silicate absorption ULIRGs at z similar to 2 are moderately radio-loud, with L sub(1.4GHz) =10 super(25)-10 super(26) W Hz super(-1). This is in strong contrast with z similar to 1 radio galaxies and radio-loud quasars where none of the sources with available IRS spectra have T sub(9.7) > 1. In addition, we observe radio jets in two of our sources, with one having a double lobe structure similar to 200 kpc in extent and the other showing a one-sided jet extending similar to 90 kpc from the nucleus. The likely high inclination of the latter, coupled with its deep silicate absorption, implies the mid-IR obscuration does not share an axis with the radio jets. These sources are highly obscured quasars, observed in the transition stage after the birth of the radio source, but before feedback effects dispel the interstellar medium and halt the black hole accretion and starburst activity.
ABSTRACT We combine a deep 0.5 deg2, 1.4 GHz deep radio survey in the Lockman Hole with infrared and optical data in the same field, including the Spitzer Extragalactic Representative Volume Survey ...(SERVS) and UKIDSS near-infrared surveys, to make the largest study to date of the host galaxies of radio sources with typical radio flux densities Jy. 87% (1274/1467) of radio sources have identifications in SERVS to at 3.6 or 4.5 m, and 9% are blended with bright objects (mostly stars), leaving only 4% (59 objects), which are too faint to confidently identify in the near-infrared. We are able to estimate photometric redshifts for 68% of the radio sources. We use mid-infrared diagnostics to show that the source population consists of a mixture of star-forming galaxies, rapidly accreting (cold mode) active galactic nuclei (AGNs) and low accretion rate (hot mode) AGNs, with neither AGNs nor star-forming galaxies clearly dominating. We see the breakdown in the K-z relation in faint radio source samples, and show that it is due to radio source populations becoming dominated by sources with radio luminosities . At these luminosities, both the star-forming galaxies and the cold mode AGNs have hosts with stellar luminosities of about a factor of two lower than those of hot mode AGNs, which continue to reside in only the most massive hosts. We show that out to at least , galaxies with stellar masses have radio-loud fractions up to ∼30%. This is consistent with there being a sufficient number of radio sources for radio-mode feedback to play a role in galaxy evolution.
Cobia (Rachycentron canadum) is a high-value marine aquaculture species. Knowledge of the microbial dynamics in various aquaculture operations is crucial for developing suitable management practices. ...The present study revealed the critical dysbiotic events in the whole larval and juvenile-gut microbiome of cobia, through an inevitable aquaculture operation, viz. live transportation. The results through both culture-dependent and independent techniques demonstrated the sensitivity of the cobia microbiome during early life, where live transport is inevitable. In detail, there was a significant change in the microbial composition and reduction in the cultivable load of all the life stages. Further, a significant reduction in functional metagenomics along with an increase in taxonomic metagenomics was recorded in the L21 stage. Significant reductions of the putative healthy microbiota, viz., Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria were remarkable in the whole larval microbiome. The analysis through linear discriminant analysis effect size revealed that the opportunistic fish pathogens, viz., Vibrio spp., Arcobacter spp., and Acinetobacter spp. were increased whereas, Pseudomonas spp. was decreased in larvae following transportation. The significant reduction in the taxonomic diversity measures was noteworthy in the juvenile-gut microbiome. Transportation promoted Serratia spp., Enterobacter spp., an unidentified genus in Flavobacteriaceae, Pseudoalteromonas spp., Alteromonas spp., and Enterovibrio spp., and inhibited Empedobacter spp. in the juvenile gut. Collectively, the results provide the prospective metagenomic signatures of health and stress in the early life stages of cobia and novel possible explanations for increased disease susceptibility post-transportation. The study warrants future research on the microbes which were found to be decreased following transportation, as potential probiotics to mitigate the stress in the marine aquaculture practices. The metagenomic signatures revealed through the study can be further applied for evaluating different husbandry practices to mitigate stress during live transportation.
•First data on gut microbial dynamics following transportation in marine fish•Displays probiotic microbes to design fish health improvisation strategies•Decodes novel reasons for increased disease susceptibility post-transportation•Provides metagenomic signatures of health and stress in early life stages of cobia•Generates insights on the whole larval and juvenile gut microbiome of cobia
We present mid-infrared observations of 18 sources from a sample of 21 z similar to 2 radio-intermediate obscured (type 2) quasars. The mid-infrared spectra of the sources are continuum dominated, ...and 12 sources show deep silicate absorption with T sub(9.7) similar to 1-2. Combining mid-infrared and optical spectra, we achieve 86% spectroscopic completeness which allows us to confirm that most (63 super(1)- super(1) sub(2) super(4) sub(2)%) z similar to 2 radio-intermediate quasars are obscured. The new spectra also prove that many high-redshift type 2 quasars do not show any rest-frame ultraviolet emission lines. From the 18 individual mid-infrared spectra, we classify most of the sources into three subsamples: those with hints of the 7.7 and 6.2 mu m polyaromatic hydrocarbons (3/18 sources show PAHs; subsample A), those with an excess of emission around 8 mu m but no hint of the 6.2 mu m PAH (7/18 cases; subsample B), and pure-continuum sources with no visible excess (4/18 sources; subsample C). The remaining 4/18 sources have spectra that are featureless or too noisy for any features to be visible. In subsample A, averaging the spectra leads to a statistical detection of both 6.2 and 7.7 mu m PAHs over the continuum, with the strength of the 7.7 mu m PAH comparable to that of submillimeter-selected galaxies (SMGs) at similar redshifts. These sources are in a phase of coeval growth of a supermassive black hole and a host galaxy.
We investigated the extent to which improved balance relative to pain relief correlates with the success of total knee replacement (TKR). A total of 81 patients were recruited to the study: 16 men ...(19.8%) and 65 women (80.2%). Of these, 62 patients (10 men, 52 women) with a mean age of 73 (57 to 83) underwent static and dynamic assessment of balance pre-operatively and one year post-operatively. The parameters of balance were quantified using commercially available and validated equipment. Motor function and self-reported outcome were also assessed. There was a significant improvement in dynamic balance (p < 0.001) one year after TKR, and better balance correlated with improved mobility, functional balance and increased health-related quality of life. As it seems that balance, and not only pain relief, influences the success of TKR, balance skills should be better addressed during the post-operative rehabilitation of patients who undergo TKR.
![The ALPINE-ALMA [C II] Surv...](http://api.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/image/issn/XR4PS5YY4K/0004-637X/small "The ALPINE-ALMA [C II] Survey: [C II] 158 m Emission Line Luminosity Functions at z ∼ 4-6")
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