Abstract Dam construction has some qualitative and quantitative effects on groundwater resources. This effect may be in the form of an increasing groundwater table or a changing groundwater system. ...In this paper, the effect of the Rodbal dam construction on the Darab aquifer was investigated. For this paper water table levels from observation wells and precipitation data was used. The study aims to analyse the behaviour of the water table during precipitation by employing a combination of the standardisation process, Fuzzy Inference System (FIS), and Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) calculations. Fuzzy logic involves the fuzzification of input data, transforming precise values into fuzzy sets. The effectiveness of the FIS is highlighted, particularly in determining the number of membership functions for inputs. The performance of the results is assessed using indicators such as RMSE and Coefficient of Determination (R2). The FIS showed a high level of effectiveness in performance assessment, exhibiting a 70% similarity between the fuzzy and Mann–Kendall methods. Nonetheless, the Fuzzy Purpose Method corresponded more closely with the observed data, indicating a more accurate reflection of reality. The findings indicate that for P3, P7, and P8, the results from the Mann–Kendall method do not show a discernible trend. Conversely, the proposed Fuzzy method accounts for changes in the behaviour of these piezometers.
Background
The Present study was conducted to systematically review the effect of the melatonin on sleep quality. We summarized evidence from randomized clinical trials (RCTs) that investigated the ...effects of melatonin on sleep quality as assessed by the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) in adults with various diseases.
Methods
The literature searches of English publications in MEDLINE and EMBASE databases were performed up June 2020. Results were summarized as mean differences (MD) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) using random effects model (DerSimonian–Laird method). Heterogeneity among studies was evaluated by the Cochrane Q test and I-squared (I2). To determine the predefined sources of heterogeneity, subgroup analysis was performed.
Results
Of 2642 papers, 23 RCTs met inclusion criteria. Our results indicated that melatonin had significant effect on sleep quality as assessed by the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) (WMD: − 1.24; 95% CI − 1.77, − 0.71,
p
= 0.000). There was significant heterogeneity between studies (
I
2
= 80.7%,
p
= 0.000). Subgroup analysis based on health status and kind of intervention were potential between-study heterogeneity. Subgroup analysis based on health status revealed melatonin intervention in subjects with Respiratory diseases (WMD: − 2.20; 95% CI − 2.97, − 1.44,
p
= 0.000), Metabolic disorders (WMD: − 2.74; 95% CI − 3.48, − 2.00,
p
= 0.000) and sleep disorders (WMD: − 0.67; 95% CI − 0.98, − 0.37,
p
= 0.000) has significant effect on sleep quality.
Conclusion
We found that the treatment with exogenous melatonin has positive effects on sleep quality as assessed by the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) in adult. In adults with respiratory diseases, metabolic disorders, primary sleep disorders, not with mental disorders, neurodegenerative diseases and other diseases.
•There is a direct relationship between the highest versus lowest dietary inflammatory index (DII) scores and prostate cancer risk in men.•There is an association between higher DII score and ...increased breast cancer risk among premenopausal but not postmenopausal women.•Body mass index has positive associations with the relationship between DII score and breast cancer risk among women.•There is no significant association between the highest versus lowest DII score and breast cancer risk among women who received hormone therapy.
Dietary inflammatory index (DII) scores have been inconsistently linked to cancer risks. Therefore, a systematic review and meta-analysis was performed to examine the associations between the DII and the risks of breast and prostate cancer among men and women.
Relevant studies were identified by searching PubMed and EMBASE databases up to March 2018. Data were available from 13 studies; of these, four studies used a prospective cohort design and nine studies were case-control studies. A total of 231 947 individuals from nine countries were included in these studies for the meta-analysis. The results were pooled using a random-effects model.
A pooled, adjusted odds ratio (OR) analysis indicated that there was a direct relationship between the highest versus lowest DII scores and prostate cancer risk in men (OR: 1.31; 95% CI: 1.04–1.57) but not the breast cancer risk (BCR) in women (OR: 1.65; 95% CI: 0.96–2.33). In the subgroup analyses, a more significant association between DII score and increased BCR was noted in premenopausal (OR: 2.03; 95% CI: 1.06–3.00) than in postmenopausal women (OR: 1.52; 95% CI: 0.89–2.16). When the results were stratified by body mass index, a positive association was observed between DII score and increased BCR in women (OR: 1.83; 95% CI: 1.48–2.18). Furthermore, there was no significant association between the highest versus lowest DII score and BCR among women who received hormone therapy (OR: 1.29; 95% CI: 0.93–1.64).
Men and premenopausal women who exhibit higher DII scores have increased prostate and breast cancer incidence risks, respectively. Moreover, body mass index had positive associations with the relationship between DII score and BCR in women. Further prospective cohort studies with longer follow-up periods are needed to support this possible association between DII score and cancer incidence.
Celiac disease (CD) is an autoimmune disease affecting around 1.4% of the total human population. Local and systemic manifestations are described in CD. Viral infections seem to trigger CD or even ...have a worse outcome in CD patients. The evidence on the relationship between CD and coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is limited. To evaluate existing evidence on the association between CD and COVID-19, we conducted the current systematic review.
We systematically searched Pubmed, Scopus, and Embase databases to find articles that reported risks or outcomes of COVID-19 in CD patients. Papers in any language published up to November 17, 2022, were evaluated for possible inclusion. The results were analyzed qualitatively. This study is registered with PROSPERO(CRD42022327380).
We identified 509 studies by searching databases; 14 reported data on the risk or outcome of COVID-19 in CD patients and were eligible for qualitative synthesis. We found that the relative risk of acquiring COVID-19 in CD patients may be lower than in the general population. Approximately 90% of infected patients were treated as an outpatient, and 10% were hospitalized. GFD adherence and Health-related quality of life (HR-QOL) were more or less the same before and during the pandemic. The gluten-free products (GFP) supply seems to be plunged during the pandemic. The data on the psychological effects of the pandemic were conflicting.
The risk of acquiring COVID-19 in CD patients is lower than in the general population. Females were more likely to be infected by COVID-19, and the most common comorbidity in infected patients was a chronic lower respiratory disease; around 10% of infected patients needed hospitalization, GFD adherence, and HR-QOL was more or less the same before and during the pandemic, depression, anxiety, and stress levels of patients varied among studies. Patients had more difficulties accessing GFPs based on limited data.
This study aimed to systematically review randomized clinical trials (RCTs) to clarify the effects of pro-/synbiotic supplementation on anthropometric and biochemical measurements in women with ...polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). PubMed, Scopus, ISI Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar were searched through September 2018. Eight RCTs (nine treatment arms) were included. Pro-/synbiotic supplementation significantly reduced fasting blood sugar (-2.52 mg/dl, 95% confidence interval (CI): -4.10 to -0.95), insulin (-2.27 µIU/mL, 95% CI: -3.40 to -1.14), homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance index (-0.69, 95% CI: -0.98 to -0.40), C-reactive protein (-1.69 Hedges', 95% CI: -3.00 to -0.38), and total testosterone (-0.12 ng/mL, 95% CI: -0.17 to -0.08) in women with PCOS. However, changes in the mean difference of weight and body mass index did not reach a statistically significant level. The findings suggest that pro-/synbiotic supplementation may improve glucose homeostasis parameters, hormonal, and inflammatory indices in women with PCOS.
Purpose
Present systematic literature review and dose-response meta-analysis were carried out to evaluate the association between sleep duration and sarcopenia risk.
Methods
Related studies were ...found by searching ISI Web of science databases, Scopus, and PubMed, up to May, 2019. Data were available from four studies. A total odds ratio of 17551 participants in these studies was pooled for the current study.
Results
Pooled outcomes from random effects model demonstrated that lowest category of sleep duration (under 6 h) versus reference category (6–8 h) was significantly related with increased risk of sarcopenia (OR: 1.71 95% CI, 1.11, 2.64). Pooled OR also indicated that highest category (more than 8 h) of sleep duration versus reference category (6–8 h) was significantly associated with increased risk of sarcopenia (OR: 1.52 95% CI, 1.23, 1.88). Moreover, subgroup analysis by sex showed that women were affected by both short and long sleep while men were only affected by long sleep duration. The nonlinear dose-response meta-analysis revealed a U-shaped association between sleep duration and the risk of sarcopenia, with a nadir at 8 h per day. The linear dose-response meta-analysis illustrated that the risk of sarcopenia did not change significantly nor for a 0.5-h increment neither for 1-h increment in sleep duration per day.
Conclusion
The outcomes from this meta-analysis indicate that the public should be made aware of the negative consequences of long and short sleep for sarcopenia especially among women. Further studies should now be undertaken to establish possible links between risk of sarcopenia and sleep duration.
Abstract Objective Increasing evidence has suggested an association between sleep duration and osteoporosis risk, although the results of previous studies have been inconsistent. To our knowledge, ...this is the first meta-analysis of the literature and quantitative estimates of the association between sleep duration and risk of osteoporosis in population-based studies of middle aged and elderly women. Methods Pertinent studies were identified by searching PubMed and EMBASE databases up to February 2016. Five out of six included studies were cross-sectional and one was a prospective cohort study. They included 72,326 participants from three different countries. We extracted 31,625 individuals in these studies for our meta-analysis. Results A pooled odds ratio analysis in women between 40 to 86 years indicated that there is an inverse relationship between sleep duration and osteoporosis (overall OR = 1.07 95% CI: 1.00–1.15). The negative association of long sleep duration (8 h or more per day) with osteoporosis risk was observed in middle aged and elderly women (OR = 1.22, 95% CI: 1.06–1.38) but not in women with short sleep duration (7 h or less per day) (OR = 0.98, 95% CI: 0.90–1.05). Conclusion This meta-analysis suggests that long sleep duration (8 h or more per day) may be associated with a higher risk of osteoporosis in middle-aged and elderly. Further prospective cohort studies with longer follow-up periods, valid instruments for measurement of sleep duration and dynamic sleep quality are warranted to support the possible relationship between sleep duration and osteoporosis risk in women.
We performed a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of observational studies assessing the association between UPF consumption and adult mortality risk. A systematic search was conducted ...using ISI Web of Science, PubMed/MEDLINE, and Scopus electronic databases from inception to August 2021. Data were extracted from seven cohort studies (totaling 207,291 adults from four countries). Using a random-effects model, hazard ratios (HR) of pooled outcomes were estimated. Our results showed that UPF consumption was related to an enhanced risk of all-cause mortality (HR = 1.21; 95% CI: 1.13, 1.30; I
= 21.9%;
< 0.001), cardiovascular diseases (CVDs)-cause mortality (HR = 1.50; 95% CI: 1.37, 1.63; I
= 0.0%;
< 0.001), and heart-cause mortality (HR = 1.66; 95% CI: 1.50, 1.85; I
= 0.0%;
= 0.022), but not cancer-cause mortality. Furthermore, our findings revealed that each 10% increase in UPF consumption in daily calorie intake was associated with a 15% higher risk of all-cause mortality (OR = 1.15; 95% CI: 1.09, 1.21; I
= 0.0%;
< 0.001). The dose-response analysis revealed a positive linear association between UPF consumption and all-cause mortality (
= 0.879,
=
< 0.001), CVDs-cause mortality (
= 0.868,
=
< 0.001), and heart-cause mortality (
= 0.774,
=
< 0.001). It seems that higher consumption of UPF is significantly associated with an enhanced risk of adult mortality. Despite this, further experimental studies are necessary to draw a more definite conclusion.
In this study, we aimed to systematically review the literature to evaluate the effects of magnesium (Mg) supplementation on blood pressure (BP) and obesity measure among patients with type 2 ...diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Major electronic databases of Web of Science, the Cochrane library, PubMed, and Scopus were searched completely from the inception until 15 October 2019 to identify randomized clinical trials (RCTs) pertaining to the topic of interest. All outcomes were pooled using a random-effects model and expressed as weighted mean differences (WMD) with 95% confidential intervals (CI). Heterogeneity, sensitivity analysis, and publication bias were also assessed using standard methods. The pooled analysis of five RCTs showed that Mg supplementation did not affect body weight (WMD: − 0.01 kg, 95% CI: − 0.36 to 0.33), BMI (WMD: − 0.07, 95% CI: − 0.18 to 0.04), and waist circumference (WMD: 0.12, 95% CI: − 1.24 to 1.48) in T2DM patients compared to the control groups of the patients who received placebo. However, pooling seven RCTs together showed significant reduction of systolic blood pressure (WMD: − 5.78 mmHg, 95% CI: − 11.37 to − 0.19) and diastolic blood pressure (WMD: − 2.50 mmHg, 95% CI: − 4.58 to − 0.41) in T2DM patients. Furthermore, subgroup analysis by dose of intervention, intervention duration, and type of intervention suggested that Mg supplementation for > 12 weeks, in doses higher than 300 mg/day or inorganic forms, could significantly decrease both systolic and diastolic BP in T2DM patients. Based on the findings, Mg supplementation has beneficial effects on BP in type 2 diabetes patients independent of body weight status. However, further investigations are needed to provide more reliable evidences.
•Data obtained from 7 studies with 317 participants were meta-analyzed.•It seems that garlic supplementation significantly decreases the serum levels of malondialdehyde.•It seems that garlic ...supplementation significantly increases the total antioxidant capacity.
Recent studies have found that garlic supplementation can improve antioxidant status, however, there is no definitive consensus on this context. The present systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to investigate the effect of garlic supplementation on oxidative stress markers.
We searched titles, abstracts, and keywords of relevant articles indexed in PubMed, ISI Web of Science, Scopus, and Google Scholar databases up to November 2019 to identify eligible RCT studies. To compare the effects of garlic with placebo, weighted mean difference (WMD) with 95 % confidence intervals (CI) were pooled based on the random-effects model. Quality assessment was performed using a Cochrane risk of bias assessment tool.
Overall, 7 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) with 317 participants were included in this meta-analysis. Based on the Cochrane Collaboration Risk of Bias tool, five studies were considered as good quality and two studies were fair. We found that garlic supplementation significantly increased total antioxidant capacity (TAC) (WMD =11.03 mmol/L; 95 % CI: 4.78, 17.28 mmol/L; P < 0.001) and decreased malondialdehyde (MDA) levels (WMD = −1.88 mmol/L; 95 % CI: −3.30, −0.46 mmol/L; P = 0.01) compared with the control group.
In summary, the current meta-analysis indicated that garlic supplementation might improve oxidative stress markers. However, these findings are incomplete due to the paucity of studies, and further well-designed clinical trials are needed in this field to confirm the effect of garlic supplement on oxidative stress markers.
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