The computer simulation hydrologic model DRAINMOD and modified DRAINMOD (Luo et al. 2000) for cold condition was used to predict the performance of surface drainage and yield of canola as post‐rice ...cultivation during the wet growing season of 2004–2005 in Rasht Iran. Performance of surface drainage system treatments with 2 m spacing and 15 cm drain depth as compared with plots having no drainage (4 × 10 m2) were used to evaluate the models. Evaluation of predicted daily groundwater table depths as compared with measured values shows that the root mean square error (RMSE) was about 10.2 and 9.9 cm for DRAINMOD versus 11.0 and 11.5 for modified DRAINMOD in 2 m drain spacing and no drainage treatment respectively. Original DRAINMOD and modified DRAINMOD predictions for groundwater table depth was on average about 4 and 7% less than measured values for the surface drainage treatment and 22 and 14% greater for the no drainage treatment whereas the standard error of original DRAINMOD was 1.4 and 1.51 (cm) respectively. The average absolute deviations were 8.67 and 9.22 (cm). However by using the modified DRAINMOD these values were decreased to 1.34 1.3 8.05 and 8.19 cm respectively. Comparisons show that modifications introduced in DRAINMOD for snowy conditions improved the capability of the model to predict groundwater table fluctuations.
Unforeseen events have a great role in causing personal and financial losses each year around the world. Nowadays, one of the important problems in maintaining human and material resources and ...countries development is the natural or unnatural disasters that the correct management weaknesses in order to control and deal with them, lead to an increase in the amplitude and the range of damages caused by the crisis. Due to the large number of running civil projects in Iran and the high number of accidents in these projects, paying special attention to the planning and crisis management in construction projects come to importance more than ever. The purpose of crisis management is to regulate and coordinate the integrated measures of responses and reactions toward crisis in order to prevent or minimize the risk, if it is possible and rapid and effective reaction if it is not possible to prevent the catastrophic event, and help to normalize the situation, as soon as possible. Therefore, firstly, in this paper, it has been investigated the main common weaknesses indifferent patterns of crisis management and accordingly, the special questionnaire of land subsidence of Mahshahr petrochemical zone was designed and it was distributed among the statistical society of officials, managers and specialists of the different regionals and by the analysis of the responses, this result conducted that the effects of land subsidence crisis have 40- to 60% impacts on the civil projects in terms of time, cost, timetable schedule delays, etc., that it is recommended that the problems should be solved by establishing crisis management in civil projects of all parties.
The Elymaean have existed as a semi-autonomous satrap and sometimes autonomous, coinciding with the Seleucids and the Parthians in the southwest and west of Iran. This government has played an active ...presence in political and economic events of the region from the mid-second century BC to the advent of the Sasanid Empire. In this paper is tried using of archaeometry matter to Study historical coins of Elymaean. This method is a valuable criterion for recognition of size and weight of coins. Elemental studies of coins give us valuable information in connection with particle size, combinations percentage of the coins, and applied metallurgy in the manufacture of these coins. These studies provide the groundwork for the understanding of the economic and political structure and commercial communications of the society. The difference in the level of element concentration may contain information concerning the mine of these metals. In this paper have been studied total coins of bronze and silver belonging to the Elymaean using PIXE Technique to be can achieve the beneficial results about the identification of concentration of present elements, the number of mines and the number of mints through elemental analysis and definition of the chemical composition of metals. To achieve the above-mentioned goals, we analyzed 35 coins of Elymais. These coins involve three periods of Elymaean ( from 85 BC to 224 AD). The observations results showed that the percentage of main elements of coins such as silver and copper in the three periods of Elymaean were different together and coins of the first period have had more purity. Furthermore, the analyzed coins are minted in six mints and their primal raw materials are from three different mines. Lastly, statistical analysis in this study is performed with SPSS software.
Spasticity is one of the common motor disorders that occurs due to upper motor neuron defects in patients such as stroke, spinal cord injury, cerebral palsy, and multiple sclerosis. Its measurement ...is often done using standardized clinical scales. One of the salient problems associated with this symptom is poor objectivity in its assessment. Several methods have been proposed in the past two decades from which passive joint movement and the Wartenberg pendulum test are the most practical, promising, and sensitive to changes. The purpose of this study was to investigate the capability of accelerometer-based outcome measures in assessment of spasticity through pendulum test. We also aimed at evaluation of sensitivity to choice of sensor on outcome measures' strength in discriminating levels of spasticity. In this study we have simulated oscillating movement of dropped limb in various levels of spasticity by a simple pendulum and adjustable friction level. Our results show that acceleration-based outcome measures are as strong as angle-based counterparts and can reliably discriminate levels of spasticity in the whole range of severity (87% discrimination index). We also found that choice of accelerometer does not have noticeable effect on the performance of this objective method of spasticity assessment.
A gyrogroup is a structure constituting from a non-empty set and a binary operation such that satisfying the left identity, and left inverse conditions, and also has the associative-like law said to ...be left gyroassociativity and left loop property. In this paper, we propose a method for constructing new gyrogroups of order \(2^n\) by a cyclic 2-group that is \(\mathbb{Z}_{2^n}\), where \(n\geq 3\).
Fat embolism syndrome (FES) is most often associated with orthopedic trauma that typically presents 24-72 hours after the trauma with a classic triad. Only few cases of fat embolism due to lower ...extremity venous system had been reported.
The current case report presents a pregnant woman who was referred to our emergency department with bilateral femoral open fracture. After detecting fetal demise by abdominopelvic ultrasound, an area of fat density in right external iliac vein was detected in abdominopelvic contrast enhanced computed tomography (CT) scan which was considered as the probable diagnosis of fat embolism. While the patient did not show signs and symptoms of FES, the fat embolism was confirmed in further evaluations.
In summary, although detection of fat embolus in CT scan in the emergency department is very rare, evaluation of lower extremity venous system in a posttraumatic patient seems to be crucial because early diagnosis of fat embolism can help the clinicians to prevent FES.
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