Pyroptosis is a lytic form of cell death that is induced by inflammatory caspases upon activation of the canonical or noncanonical inflammasome pathways. These caspases cleave gasdermin D (GSDMD) to ...generate an N-terminal GSDMD fragment, which executes pyroptosis by forming membrane pores. We found that calcium influx through GSDMD pores serves as a signal for cells to initiate membrane repair by recruiting the endosomal sorting complexes required for transport (ESCRT) machinery to damaged membrane areas, such as the plasma membrane. Inhibition of the ESCRT-III machinery strongly enhances pyroptosis and interleukin-1β release in both human and murine cells after canonical or noncanonical inflammasome activation. These results not only attribute an anti-inflammatory role to membrane repair by the ESCRT-III system but also provide insight into general cellular survival mechanisms during pyroptosis.
Chagas disease is a neglected tropical disease caused by Trypanosoma cruzi parasite with an estimated 70 million people at risk. Traditionally, parasite presence in triatomine vectors is detected ...through optical microscopy which can be low in sensitivity or molecular techniques which can be costly in endemic countries. The aim of this study was to evaluate the ability of a reagent-free technique, the Near Infrared Spectroscopy (NIRS) for rapid and non-invasive detection of T. cruzi in Triatoma infestans body parts and in wet/dry excreta samples of the insect. NIRS was 100% accurate for predicting the presence of T. cruzi infection Dm28c strain (TcI) in either the midgut or the rectum and models developed from either body part could predict infection in the other part. Models developed to predict infection in excreta samples were 100% accurate for predicting infection in both wet and dry samples. However, models developed using dry excreta could not predict infection in wet samples and vice versa. This is the first study to report on the potential application of NIRS for rapid and non-invasive detection of T. cruzi infection in T. infestans in the laboratory. Future work should demonstrate the capacity of NIRS to detect T. cruzi in triatomines originating from the field.
Abstract
The human non-canonical inflammasome controls caspase-4 activation and gasdermin-D-dependent pyroptosis in response to cytosolic bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Since LPS binds and ...oligomerizes caspase-4, the pathway is thought to proceed without dedicated LPS sensors or an activation platform. Here we report that interferon-induced guanylate-binding proteins (GBPs) are required for non-canonical inflammasome activation by cytosolic
Salmonella
or upon cytosolic delivery of LPS. GBP1 associates with the surface of cytosolic
Salmonella
seconds after bacterial escape from their vacuole, initiating the recruitment of GBP2-4 to assemble a GBP coat. The GBP coat then promotes the recruitment of caspase-4 to the bacterial surface and caspase activation, in absence of bacteriolysis. Mechanistically, GBP1 binds LPS with high affinity through electrostatic interactions. Our findings indicate that in human epithelial cells GBP1 acts as a cytosolic LPS sensor and assembles a platform for caspase-4 recruitment and activation at LPS-containing membranes as the first step of non-canonical inflammasome signaling.
Lung cancer is the most common type of cancer around the world, and it represents the main cause of death in the USA. Surgical treatment is the optimal therapeutic strategy for resectable non-small ...cell lung cancer. The principal factor for long-term survival after complete resection is the anatomic extension of the neoplasm. However, other factors also have adverse effects on operative mortality, and influence long-term outcome. In this paper we propose an algorithmic solution for the estimation of 5-years survival rate in lung cancer patients undertaking pulmonary resection.
We address the issue of survival analysis through decision-making techniques based on fuzzy and soft set theories. We develop an expert system based on clinical and functional data of lung cancer resections in patients with cancer that can be used to predict the survival of patients.
The evaluation of surgical risk in patients undertaking pulmonary resection is a primary target for thoracic surgeons. Lung cancer survival is influenced by many factors. The computational performance of our algorithm is critically analyzed by an experimental study. The correct survival classification is achieved with an accuracy of 79.0%. Our novel soft-set based criterion is an effective and precise diagnosis application for the determination of the survival rate.
Complex spherical fuzzy set, an extended version of spherical fuzzy set, is a very powerful tool to capture fourfold information (typically yes, no, abstain and refusal), in which the range of ...degrees occurs in the complex plane with unit disk. Through this prominent feature, complex spherical fuzzy sets outperform earlier concepts of fuzzy sets and their extensions. This research article utilizes complex spherical fuzzy sets and prioritized weighted aggregation operators to construct the complex spherical fuzzy prioritized weighted averaging/geometric operators. We present their most noticeable properties. Further, we establish a decision‐making approach that takes full advantage of the aforesaid operators. To explore their superiority and applicability in decision making, we apply our algorithm to a numerical example. Finally, we compare this decision‐making approach with prevailing methods in this context.
The hybrid material was obtained from the synthesis of graphene oxide (GO) followed by GO chemical reduction with L‐ascorbic acid. Then hydrothermal synthesis was carried out to form and grow carbon ...dots (CDs) on the surface of reduced graphene oxide (rGO). The material obtained, CD@rGO, was characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), the infrared (FTIR), Raman and UV‐visible (UV‐Vis) spectroscopy, in addition to X‐ray diffractometry (XRD), spectroscopy and electrochemical methods. The results indicated the formation of carbon dots on the surface of rGO. The study of the voltammetric determination of hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) was performed using adsorptive stripping voltammetry (AdSV) and employing a modified electrode with CD@rGO (ECR). Optimizations were kept in the electrolytic environment and AdSV technique parameters, making it possible to obtain a LOD and LOQ of 2.40 and 7.99 pmol L−1, respectively. The evaluation of the ECR electrochemical stability, repeatability and reproducibility tests were performed with maximum variations of up to 2.79 and 2.03 %, respectively. Determinations in commercial samples of HCQ (tablets) and synthetic urine, recovery in the range of 101.55–106.83 % were obtained.
This work improves the theoretical basis of N-soft sets and insists on their practical applications in a multi-agent context. N-soft sets characterize the alternatives in terms of multinary ...descriptions by attributes. We argue that unlike the basic example of soft set theory, N-soft sets are amenable to various interesting approaches in relation to aggregation. However the literature has not provided mechanisms for the aggregation of N-soft sets. And there exists no multi-agent decision making procedure based on N-soft sets either.
Therefore, the goal of this work is twofold. We present a novel theory of aggregation of N-soft sets. The fundamental tools for this purpose are OWA operators. We produce the first scores of alternatives defined by multi-agent, multinary evaluations. Then we apply this theory to multi-agent decision-making. In this way we produce the first algorithms for multi-agent decisions based on N-soft sets. We support our findings with real examples that illustrate the application and versatility of these flexible approaches.
The climate changes expected for the next decades will expose plants to increasing occurrences of combined abiotic stresses, including drought, higher temperatures, and elevated CO
atmospheric ...concentrations. These abiotic stresses have significant consequences on photosynthesis and other plants' physiological processes and can lead to tolerance mechanisms that impact metabolism dynamics and limit plant productivity. Furthermore, due to the high carbohydrate content on the cell wall, plants represent a an essential source of lignocellulosic biomass for biofuels production. Thus, it is necessary to estimate their potential as feedstock for renewable energy production in future climate conditions since the synthesis of cell wall components seems to be affected by abiotic stresses. This review provides a brief overview of plant responses and the tolerance mechanisms applied in climate change scenarios that could impact its use as lignocellulosic biomass for bioenergy purposes. Important steps of biofuel production, which might influence the effects of climate change, besides biomass pretreatments and enzymatic biochemical conversions, are also discussed. We believe that this study may improve our understanding of the plant biological adaptations to combined abiotic stress and assist in the decision-making for selecting key agronomic crops that can be efficiently adapted to climate changes and applied in bioenergy production.
Complex fermatean fuzzy N-soft sets: a new hybrid model with applications Akram, Muhammad; Amjad, Umaira; Alcantud, José Carlos R. ...
Journal of ambient intelligence & humanized computing/Journal of ambient intelligence and humanized computing,
07/2023, Letnik:
14, Številka:
7
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Decision-making methods play an important role in the real-life of human beings and consist of choosing the best options from a set of possible choices. This paper proposes the notion of complex ...Fermatean fuzzy
N
-soft set (
CFFNS
f
S) which, by means of ranking parameters, is capable of handling two-dimensional information related to the degree of satisfaction and dissatisfaction implicit in the nature of human decisions. We define the fundamental set-theoretic operations of
CFFNS
f
S and elaborate the
CFFS
f
S associated with threshold. The algebraic and Yager operations on
CFFNS
f
numbers are also defined. Several algorithms are proposed to demonstrate the applicability of
CFFNS
f
S to multi-attribute decision making. The advanced algorithms are described and accomplished by several numerical examples. Then, a comparative study manifests the validity, feasibility, and reliability of the proposed model. This method is compared with the Fermatean fuzzy Yager weighted geometric (
FFY
w
G) and the Fermatean fuzzy Yager weighted average (
FFY
w
A) operators. Further, we developed a remarkable
CFFNS
f
-TOPSIS approach by applying innovative
CFFNS
f
weighted average operator and distance measure. The presented technique is fantastically designed for the classification of the most favorable alternative by examining the closeness of all available choices from particular ideal solutions. Afterward, we demonstrate the amenability of the initiated approach by analyzing its tremendous potential to select the best city in the USA for farming. An integrated comparative analysis with existing Fermatean fuzzy TOPSIS technique is rendered to certify the terrific capability of the established approach. Further, we decisively investigate the rationality and reliability of the presented
CFFNS
f
S and
CFFNS
f
-TOPSIS approach by highlighting its advantages over the existent models and TOPSIS approaches. Finally, we holistically describe the conclusion of the whole work.
Chaos and mixing in NETmix Matos, Joana; Santos, Ricardo J.; Dias, Madalena M. ...
AIChE journal,
September 2024, Letnik:
70, Številka:
9
Journal Article
Recenzirano
NETmix is a network of mixing chambers interconnected by channels, in which the most efficient mixing occurs under chaotic flow regimes. Chaos is highly influenced by the topology, particularly by ...the ratio chamber diameter/channel width, D/d. In this work, micromixing in NETmix is characterized through Lagrangian Mixing Simulation (LMS), which enables to establish the relation between the degree of mixing and the topology, D/d. The degree of mixing is then related with the Eulerian chaoticity from hydrodynamics and spectral analysis. The best mixing is obtained at D/d = 6.65 and is associated to a thin 8 shaped strange attractor. The spectral analysis shows a principal oscillation frequency at St = 0.13. Since the quasi‐periodic regime is alternated with chaotic behavior, NETmix has an intermittent bifurcation. For the NETmix system, orderly flows in the quasi‐periodic regime have higher mixing intensity than less orderly flows in the weak or strong chaotic regimes.
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