Os mecanismos dos sistemas de controle gerencial parecem facilitar mudanças estratégicas quando utilizados de forma interativa. Partindo deste pressuposto, o presente estudo teve como objetivo ...analisar a importância dos sistemas de controle gerencial na formação de estratégias utilizados nas empresas do ramo de construção civil, tendo como critério de análise o sistema de alavancas de controle destacado por Simons (1995). A pesquisa, caracterizada como descritiva, foi desenvolvida por meio de dois estudos de casos em empresas do setor de construção civil, localizadas na cidade de João Pessoa/PB. Para coleta dos dados foram utilizados os instrumentos: questionário adaptado por Moreira, Borges e Santiago (2017) que subsidiou a entrevista realizada com os gestores das empresas, como também foram coletadas informações em documentos e observação. Os resultados apontaram que as construtoras analisadas utilizam estratégias genéricas de foco e diferenciação voltadas para a comercialização de seus empreendimentos, sendo que uma possui planejamento de longo prazo e a outra se guia por perspectivas de curto prazo. Verificou-se, ainda, diferenças sistemáticas na utilização dos sistemas de controle gerencial e que as duas empresas possuem ferramentas de controle, contudo percebeu-se que existem com o objetivo de atender as normas estabelecidas por órgãos reguladores/certificadores, não sendo utilizadas para fins de tomada de decisão. Assim, concluiu-se que a influência dos sistemas de controles gerenciais na formação de estratégias dessas construtoras se dá de forma passiva, servindo os sistemas de controle gerencial como garantidores da realização das estratégias e metas organizacionais, mas não sendo os mesmos usados efetivamente como forma de identificação de oportunidades e fonte da formação de novas estratégias.
The adsorbed vaccine SARS-CoV-2 (inactivated) produced by Sinovac (SV) was the first vaccine against COVID-19 to be used in Brazil. To understand the metabolic effects of SV in Brazilian subjects, ...NMR-based metabolomics was used, and the immune response was studied in Brazilian subjects. Forty adults without (group–, n = 23) and with previous COVID-19 infection (group+, n = 17) were followed-up for 90 days postcompletion of the vaccine regimen. After 90 days, our results showed that subjects had increased levels of lipoproteins, lipids, and N-acetylation of glycoproteins (NAG) as well as decreased levels of amino acids, lactate, citrate, and 3-hydroxypropionate. NAG and threonine were the highest correlated metabolites with N and S proteins, and neutralizing Ab levels. This study sheds light on the immunometabolism associated with the use of SV in Brazilian subjects from Rio de Janeiro and identifies potential metabolic markers associated with the immune status.
Color vision tests use estimative of threshold color discrimination or number of correct responses to evaluate performance in chromatic discrimination tasks. Both approaches have advantages and ...disadvantages. In the present investigation, we compared the number of errors during color discrimination task in normal trichromats and participants with color vision deficiency (CVD) using pseudoisochromatic stimuli at fixed saturation levels. We recruited 28 normal trichromats and eight participants with CVD. Cambridge Color Test was used to categorize their color vision phenotype, and those with a phenotype suggestive of color vision deficiency had their L- and M-opsin genes genotyped. Pseudoisochromatic stimuli were shown with target chromaticity in 20 vectors radiating from the background chromaticity and saturation of 0.06, 0.04, 0.03, 0.02, 0.01, and 0.005 u'v' units. Each stimulus condition appeared in four trials. The number of errors for each stimulus condition was considered an indicator of the participant's performance. At high chromatic saturation, there were fewer errors from both phenotypes. The errors of the normal trichromats had no systematic variation for high saturated stimuli, but below 0.02 u'v' units, there was a discrete prevalence of tritan errors. For participants with CVD, the errors happened mainly in red-green chromatic vectors. A three-way ANOVA showed that all factors (color vision phenotype, stimulus saturation, and chromatic vector) had statistically significant effects on the number of errors and that stimulus saturation was the most important main effect. ROC analysis indicated that the performance of the fixed saturation levels to identify CVD was better between 0.02 and 0.06 u'v' units reaching 100%, while saturation of 0.01 and 0.005 u'v' units decreased the accuracy of the screening of the test. We concluded that the color discrimination task using high saturated stimuli separated normal trichromats and participants with red-green color vision deficiencies with high performance, which can be considered a promising method for new color vision tests based in frequency of errors.
Abstract
Background
Most studies on the effects of SARS-CoV-2 infection have been conducted with adults and non-pregnant women. Thus, its impacts on maternal health are not yet fully established. ...This study aimed to verify the relationship between the maternal mortality ratio and the incidence of COVID-19 in the State of Bahia, Brazil, 2020.
Methods
This time-series study used publicly available information in Brazil, to obtain data on maternal deaths and live births in Bahia, State, from January 1, 2011, to December 31, 2020. The time trend of Maternal Mortality Ratio (MMR) was analysed through polynomial regression, of order 6. Expected MMR, monthly (Jan-Dec) and annual values for 2020, were predicted by the additive Holt-Winters exponential smoothing algorithm, with 95% confidence interval, based on the time series of the MMR from 2011 to 2019, and the accuracy of the forecasts for 2020 was assessed by checking the smoothing coefficients and the mean errors. According to the statistical forecast, the MMR values recorded in the year 2020 were compared to those expected.
Results
In 2020, the annual MMR in Bahia, Brazil, was 78.23/100,000 live births, 59.46% higher than the expected ratio (49.06 95% CI 38.70–59.90). The increase in maternal mortality ratio relative to expected values was observed throughout the 2020 months; however, only after May, when the COVID-19 epidemic rose sharply, it exceeded the upper limit of the 95% CI of the monthly prediction. Of the 144 registered maternal deaths in 2020, 19 (13.19%) had COVID-19 mentioned as the cause of death.
Conclusions
Our study revealed the increase in maternal mortality, and its temporal relationship with the incidence of COVID-19, in Bahia, Brazil, in 2020. The COVID-19 pandemic may be directly and indirectly related to this increase, which needs to be investigated. An urgent public health action is needed to prevent and reduce maternal deaths during this pandemic, in Brazil.
(1) Background: Dogs are known as hosts of
and can spread this bacterium to the environment. Although Canicola is responsible for determining chronic disease in dogs, when affected by incidental ...serogroups such as Icterohaemorrhagiae, acute disease may occur with a predominance of clinical signs with hepatic and renal changes. In endemic areas, it is a serious public health problem. Thus, this study aims to estimate the incidence and duration of elimination of leptospires in the urine of dogs, taking another step from a previous study of our group, by a longitudinal, long-term and molecular approach. (2) Methods: A total of 125 dogs without apparent symptoms of leptospirosis were included in the study. The dogs were all PCR-negative and seronegative at the beginning of the study. Blood samples were collected for hematological examinations and urine for amplification of the lipL32 gene by PCR at five different time points during one year. (3) Results: Out of the 125 dogs, 62 became lipL32 PCR-positive (48.8% (95% CI, 47.9-49.7%)) at some point during the study, distributed as follows: at day 0, all negative; day 90, 18/125 (14.4% (95% CI, 13.5-15.3%)); day 180, 18/125 (14.4% (95% CI, 13.5-15.3%)); day 270, 12/125 (9.6% (95% CI, 8.7-10.5%)); and day 365, 14/125 (11.2% (95% CI, 10.3-12.1%)). Out of the 62 amplicons, 22 were sequenced, targeting a short region of secY gene. Of these, 20 (90.9%) were identical to the
serovar Icterohaemorrhagiae, while two (9.1%) were
. (4) Conclusions: The fact that the leptospires of the Icterohaemorrhagiae serogroup were characterized was unexpected, since the animals remained clinically asymptomatic during the study. The fact that asymptomatic dogs shed leptospires is not new, but the extent of this fact and the characterized strain is impressive, with an impact on public health that cannot be overlooked.
The etiology of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is unknown, but it is believed to be multifactorial. The hygiene hypothesis proposes that better hygiene conditions would lead to less infectious ...disease during childhood and favor the development of immune-mediated diseases.
To test the hygiene hypothesis in IBD by assessing the environmental risk factors associated with IBD development in different regions of Brazil with diverse socioeconomic development indices.
A multicenter case-control study was carried out with 548 Crohn's disease (CD) and 492 ulcerative colitis (UC) outpatients and 416 healthy controls, from six IBD centers within different Brazilian states at diverse socioeconomic development stages. A semi-structured questionnaire with 87 socioeconomic and environmental questions was applied. Logistic regression model was created to assess the odds ratio (OR) with
value and 95% confidence intervals (CI).
Predictive variables for both diseases (CD and UC) were women odd ratios (OR) = 1.31; OR = 1.69, low monthly family income (OR = 1.78; OR = 1.57), lower number of cohabitants (OR = 1.70; OR = 1.60), absence of vaccination (OR = 3.11; OR = 2.51), previous history of bowel infections (OR = 1.78; OR = 1.49), and family history of IBD (OR = 5.26; OR = 3.33). Associated risk factors for CD were age (18-39 years) (OR = 1.73), higher educational level (OR = 2.22), absence of infectious childhood diseases (OR = 1.99). The UC predictive variables were living in an urban area (OR = 1.62), inadequate living conditions (OR = 1.48) and former smokers (OR = 3.36). Appendectomy was a risk factor for CD (OR = 1.58) with inverse association with UC (OR = 4.79). Consumption of treated and untreated water was associated with risk of CD (OR = 1.38) and UC (OR = 1.53), respectively.
This is the first examining environmental exposures as risk factors for inflammatory bowel disease in Brazil. Most of the variables associated with disease risk support the role of the hygiene hypothesis in IBD development.
Background The second wave of the COVID-19 pandemic was more aggressive in Brazil compared to other countries around the globe. Considering the Brazilian peculiarities, we analyze the in-hospital ...mortality concerning socio-epidemiological characteristics of patients and the health system of all states during the first and second waves of COVID-19.
We performed a cross-sectional study of hospitalized patients with positive RT-PCR for SARS-CoV-2 in Brazil. Data was obtained from the Influenza Epidemiological Surveillance Information System (SIVEP-Gripe) and comprised the period from February 25, 2020, to April 30, 2021, separated in two waves on November 5, 2020. We performed a descriptive study of patients analyzing socio-demographic characteristics, symptoms, comorbidities, and risk factors stratified by age. In addition, we analyzed in-hospital and intensive care unit (ICU) mortality in both waves and how it varies in each Brazilian state.
Between February 25, 2020 and April 30, 2021, 678 235 patients were admitted with a positive RT-PCR for SARS-CoV-2, with 325 903 and 352 332 patients for the first and second wave, respectively. The mean age of patients was 59·65 (IQR 48·0 - 72·0). In total, 379 817 (56·00%) patients had a risk factor or comorbidity. In-hospital mortality increased from 34·81% in the first to 39·30% in the second wave. In the second wave, there were more ICU admissions, use of non-invasive and invasive ventilation, and increased mortality for younger age groups. The southern and southeastern regions of Brazil had the highest hospitalization rates per 100 000 inhabitants. However, the in-hospital mortality rate was higher in the northern and northeastern states of the country. Racial differences were observed in clinical outcomes, with White being the most prevalent hospitalized population, but with Blacks/Browns (Pardos) having higher mortality rates. Younger age groups had more considerable differences in mortality as compared to groups with and without comorbidities in both waves.
We observed a more considerable burden on the Brazilian hospital system throughout the second wave. Furthermore, the north and northeast of Brazil, which present lower Human Development Indexes, concentrated the worst in-hospital mortality rates. The highest mortality rates are also shown among vulnerable social groups. Finally, we believe that the results can help to understand the behavior of the COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil, helping to define public policies, allocate resources, and improve strategies for vaccination of priority groups.
Coordinating Agency for Advanced Training of Graduate Personnel (CAPES) (C.F. 001), and National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq) (No. 309537/2020-7).
O estudo teve como analisar o impacto da Mudança na Cultura de uma organização pública. A metodologia utilizada foi de natureza qualitativa, por meio de estudo, aplicado na Secretária de Educação do ...Município de Serra Redonda, na Paraíba, com embasamento descritivo e bibliográfico. Os resultados apontam que esta organização enfrenta constante mudança em seus planos de trabalho, em decorrência de mudança na gestão do município, afetando os recursos humanos e materiais necessários ao trabalho, prejudicando a continuidade dos trabalhos e não oportunizando o envolvimento dos seus colaboradores. Foi possível verificar que o processo de mudança vivenciado na organização estudada tem provocado impactos culturais no ambiente de trabalho.
Group B Streptococcus awareness month: vaccine and challenges underway Pinto, Tatiana Castro Abreu; Oliveira, Laura Maria Andrade; da Costa, Natália Silva ...
International journal of infectious diseases,
September 2021, 2021-09-00, 20210901, 2021-09-01, Letnik:
110
Journal Article
Making wines from tropical fruits with pleasant sensory characteristics has gradually gained potential as a new product within the beverages market. In this study, the ability to ferment cashew apple ...juice of non-Saccharomyces strains previously isolated from tropical fruits and Saccharomyces were evaluated, as well as their production of desirable volatile compounds. The isolates Torulaspora delbrueckii and Hanseniaspora opuntiae showed higher fermentative capacities in co-fermentations with Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The simple and co-fermentative process of the cashew must with these yeasts leads to a highly desirable production of volatile compounds such as phenethyl alcohol, 2-phenethyl acetate and 3-methyl-1-pentanol, and these favoured the organoleptic properties of the product. The concentrations of acetic acid during fermentation were in the range of 0.2–0.5 g/L, which is considered desirable to contribute towards the aromas and flavours of fruit wines. These results highlighted the role of yeast isolates from fruits on cashew juice fermentation and its production of desirable volatile compounds to produce cashew wine.
•Cashew must co-fermentation favors ethanol production.•Non- Saccharomyces intensified the desirable attributes to cashew wine.•2-propenoic acid, 3-phenyl-, ethyl ester was only produced in the co-fermentation.
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