ABSTRACT
This study discusses the disnarrated in Kazuo Ishiguro’s The Remains of the Day by focusing on Gerald Prince’s ideas on the disnarrated. According to Prince, disnarration refers to events ...that have not happened but have been mentioned in the narrative. There are two modes for representing disnarration in the narrative of the novel: implicit and explicit. In the former, the disnarrated is represented by techniques like symbols, metonymies and foil characters. In the later, it is explicitly stated that a particular event could have happened but have not happened. However, based on Ishiguro’s preoccupation with the suppression of meaning, the majority of disnarrated narratives are implicit rather than explicit. The narrator’s implicit remarks signify his lost opportunities for the things he could have. Nearly at the ending of the novel, however, the narrator offers a more honest attitude to the readers by explicitly talking about his regrets and lost opportunities.
Abstract This research aims to highlight the falsities of William K. Wimsatt and Monroe C. Beardsley’s article “The Intentional Fallacy” (1946). These two New Critics believe that the intention of ...the author should not be considered when judging the text because the intention of the author is neither available nor desirable. The present research questions two of their claims: that the intention is something separate from the textual meaning and that the authorial intention is private and biographical while the poem is public. To refute their claims, the research employs E.D. Hirsch’s concept of verbal meaning. Verbal meaning is simply a special kind of intentional object which he considers to be synonymous with textual meaning. The study goes beyond Hirsch’s ideas and claims that from the moment the author transfers his intention, through language, to the text, it is no longer an intention but the object. Language, according to the New Critics is a proper and reliable medium, so when Wimsatt and Beardsley question the authorial intention, they are actually questioning the very notion of language. Their second claim, that is the private nature of the author’s intention, will be rejected by borrowing T.S. Eliot’s analogy of the poet to a catalyst. Eliot shows that the poet does not include his/her personality traits in the poem. The achievement of this study is a new view toward the authorial intention, a view which is not based on personal and biographical factors but on verbal factors.
This study discusses the disnarrated in Kazuo Ishiguro's The Remains of the Day by focusing on Gerald Prince's ideas on the disnarrated. According to Prince, disnarration refers to events that have ...not happened but have been mentioned in the narrative. There are two modes for representing disnarration in the narrative of the novel: implicit and explicit. In the former, the disnarrated is represented by techniques like symbols, metonymies and foil characters. In the later, it is explicitly stated that a particular event could have happened but have not happened. However, based on Ishiguro's preoccupation with the suppression of meaning, the majority of disnarrated narratives are implicit rather than explicit. The narrator's implicit remarks signify his lost opportunities for the things he could have had. Nearly at the ending of the novel, however, the narrator offers a more honest attitude to the readers by explicitly talking about his regrets and lost opportunities.
In this paper, the individual and synergistic effects of silanized‐multiwalled carbon nanotubes (S‐MWCNTs) and silanized‐Titanium dioxide (S‐TiO2) nanoparticles on the drop‐weight impact response of ...Kevlar fiber‐reinforced epoxy (KE‐EP) composites were evaluated. In the first step, the nanofillers were functionalized using an amino organosilane coupling agent (3‐Aminopropyltrimetoxysilane APTMS). Next, multiscale composites were prepared by adding 0.3 wt% S‐MWCNTs, 1 wt% S‐TiO2, and 0.3 wt% S‐MWCNTs + 1 wt% S‐TiO2 in the matrix. The samples were exposed to drop‐weight impact at various impact energies of 15, 30, and 45 J. The findings demonstrated that the sample filled with 0.3 wt% S‐MWCNTs + 1 wt% S‐TiO2 had the best impact performance, regardless of the initial impact energy. When compared to the neat KE‐EP sample, the multiscale composite filled with 0.3 wt% S‐MWCNTs + 1 wt% S‐TiO2 had greater peak force and absorbed energy by 23% and 18%, respectively under 45 J impact energy. Analysis of the fracture surfaces illustrated a good interfacial bonding between the Kevlar fibers and matrix for the multiscale composite having hybrid nanofillers.
Abstract
In this paper, the individual and synergistic effects of silanized‐multiwalled carbon nanotubes (S‐MWCNTs) and silanized‐Titanium dioxide (S‐TiO
2
) nanoparticles on the drop‐weight impact ...response of Kevlar fiber‐reinforced epoxy (KE‐EP) composites were evaluated. In the first step, the nanofillers were functionalized using an amino organosilane coupling agent (3‐Aminopropyltrimetoxysilane APTMS). Next, multiscale composites were prepared by adding 0.3 wt% S‐MWCNTs, 1 wt% S‐TiO
2
, and 0.3 wt% S‐MWCNTs + 1 wt% S‐TiO
2
in the matrix. The samples were exposed to drop‐weight impact at various impact energies of 15, 30, and 45 J. The findings demonstrated that the sample filled with 0.3 wt% S‐MWCNTs + 1 wt% S‐TiO
2
had the best impact performance, regardless of the initial impact energy. When compared to the neat KE‐EP sample, the multiscale composite filled with 0.3 wt% S‐MWCNTs + 1 wt% S‐TiO
2
had greater peak force and absorbed energy by 23% and 18%, respectively under 45 J impact energy. Analysis of the fracture surfaces illustrated a good interfacial bonding between the Kevlar fibers and matrix for the multiscale composite having hybrid nanofillers.
Background: Genetic polymorphisms are predictors of the immune response and susceptibility to certain infectious diseases, including pulmonary tuberculosis (TB). We evaluated the association of ...monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP1) (-2581 A/G) and interferon-gamma (IFNγ) (+874 T/A) polymorphisms with susceptibility to pulmonary TB in an Iranian population. Methods: A total of 124 patients with pulmonary tuberculosis and 244 healthy subjects (121 related normal controls and 123 unrelated subjects) were included. The MCP1 polymorphic region (-2518 A/G) was genotyped by PCR-RFLP, while ARMS-PCR was used to amplify and detect IFNγ (+874 T/A). SNPStats and SPSS v. 20 were used for the statistical analysis of the data. Results: The comparison of MCP1 (-2518 A/G) alleles and genotypes in TB patients and healthy subjects showed no significant association in all the constructed heredity models. No association was observed between TB patients and normal subjects in all the constructed inheritance models for IFNγ (+874 T/A) alleles and genotypes. Conclusion: Due to the lack of association between MCP1 (-2518 A/G) and IFNγ (874 T/A) polymorphisms and susceptibility to PT in our study and the conflicting results of some previous studies, further clinical and molecular research is needed to clarify the role of the studied polymorphisms in the pathogenesis of tuberculosis.
In this study, four Co(III)-, Cu(II)-, Zn(II)- and Pd(II)-based potent antibacterial complexes of formula K
3
Co(ox)
3
·3H
2
O (I), Cu(phen)
2
ClCl·6.5H
2
O (II), Zn(phen)
3
Cl
2
(III) and Pd(phen)
2
...(NO
3
)
2
(IV) (where ox is oxalato and phen is 1,10-phenanthroline) were synthesized. They were characterized by elemental analysis, molar conductivity measurements, UV-vis, Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) and proton nuclear magnetic resonance (
1
H-NMR) techniques. These metal complexes were ordered in three combination series of I+II, I+II+III and I+II+III+IV. Antibacterial screening for each metal complex and their combinations against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria revealed that all compounds were more potent antibacterial agents against the Gram-negative than those of the Gram-positive bacteria. The four metal complexes showed antibacterial activity in the order I > II > III > IV, and the activity of their combinations followed the order of I+II+III+IV > I+II+III > I+II. The DNA-binding properties of complex (I) and its three combinations were studied using electronic absorption and fluorescence (ethidium bromide displacement assay) spectroscopy. The results obtained indicated that all series interact effectively with calf thymus DNA (CT-DNA). The binding constant (K
b
), the number of binding sites (n) and the Stern-Volmer constant (K
sv
) were obtained based on the results of fluorescence measurements. The calculated thermodynamic parameters supported that hydrogen bonding and van der Waals forces play a major role in the association of each series of metal complexes with CT-DNA and follow the above-binding affinity order for the series.
Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma
In this work, a pair of new palladium(II) complexes, Pd(Gly)(Phe) and Pd(Gly)(Tyr), (where Gly is glycine, Phe is phenylalanine, and Tyr is tyrosine) were synthesized and characterized by UV-Vis, ...FT-IR, elemental analysis,
1
H-NMR, and conductivity measurements. The detailed
1
H NMR and infrared spectral studies of these Pd(II) complexes ascertain the mode of binding of amino acids to palladium through nitrogen of -NH
2
and oxygen of -COO
−
groups as bidentate chelates. The Pd(II) complexes have been tested for in vitro cytotoxicity activities against cancer cell line of K
562
. Interactions of these Pd(II) complexes with CT-DNA and human serum albumin were identified through absorption/emission titrations and gel electrophoresis which indicated significant binding proficiency. The binding distance (r) between these synthesized complexes and HSA based on Forsterʼs theory of non-radiation energy transfer were calculated. Alterations of HSA secondary structure induced by complexes were confirmed by FT-IR measurements. The results of emission quenching at three temperatures have revealed that the quenching mechanism of these Pd(II) complexes with CT-DNA and HSA were the static and dynamic quenching mechanism, respectively. Binding constants (K
b
), binding site number (n), and the corresponding thermodynamic parameters were calculated and revealed that the hydrogen binding and hydrophobic forces played a major role when Pd(II) complexes interacted with DNA and HSA, respectively. We bid that Pd(Gly)(Phe) and Pd(Gly)(Tyr) complexes exhibit the groove binding with CT-DNA and interact with the main binding pocket of HSA. The complexes follow the binding affinity order of Pd(Gly)(Tyr) > Pd(Gly)(Phe) with CT-DNA- and HSA-binding.
Today, small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) paly significant role in the economic development of both developed and developing countries. Improving the performance of these enterprises is one of ...the major concerns of communities. The success of SMEs is a function of establishing a long-term relationship with customers, which is translated into loyal customers. In fact, this is the marketing knowledge that enables them to win customers' satisfaction. One of the most palpable and expensive components of marketing activities is advertising. Advertising is the tip of iceberg in marketing process. One of the major factors in the determining advertising strategies is creative ideas and creativity in advertising. Accordingly, this study was undertaken to "investigate the impact of creative advertising on the performance of SMEs in the food industry of Qom province with the mediating role of brand image. The study population consisted of the customers of food industries of Qom province. Random sampling method was used for selecting participants and data collection was performed by a questionnaire. A total of 386 questionnaires were completed. Structural equations were used for data analysis. Results of path analysis indicated that the creative advertising had a positive effect on brand image, and brand image in turn had a significant positive impact on business performance (customer satisfaction and loyalty. Finally, based on the research findings, some suggestions for future studies are presented.
Two Zn(II) complexes of formula Zn(bpy)(Gly)NO
3
(I) and Zn(phen)(Gly)NO
3
(II) (where bpy = 2,2′-bipyridine, phen = 1,10-phenanthroline and Gly = glycine) were synthesized and characterized by ...elemental analysis, molar conductance measurements, UV-vis, FT-IR, and
1
H NMR spectra. The interaction ability of these complexes with calf thymus DNA was monitored using spectroscopic methods, including UV-vis absorption spectroscopy, ethidium bromide displacement, Fourier transform infrared, and electrophoretic mobility assay. Further, the human serum albumin interactions of complexes I and II were investigated using UV-vis absorption spectroscopy, fluorescence quenching, circular dichroism, and Fourier transform infrared. The results obtained from these analyses indicated that both complexes interact effectively with CT-DNA and HSA. The binding constant (K
b
), the Stern-Volmer constant (K
sv
), and the number of binding sites (n) at different temperatures were determined for CT-DNA and HSA. Also, the negative ΔH° and ΔS° values showed that both hydrogen bonds and van der Waals forces played major roles in the association of CT-DNA-Zn(II) and HSA-Zn(II) complex formation. The displacement experiments suggested that Zn(II)-complexes primarily bound to Sudlow's site II of HSA. The distance between the donor (HSA) and the acceptor (Zn(II) complexes) was estimated on the basis of the Forster resonance energy transfer (FRET) and the alteration of HSA secondary structure induced by the compounds were confirmed by FT-IR spectroscopy. The complexes follow the binding affinity order of I > II with DNA and II > I with HSA. Finally, Antibacterial activity of complexes I and II have been screened against gram positive and gram negative bacteria.
