Background Shellfish allergy is a long-lasting disorder typically affecting adults. Despite its high prevalence, there is limited information about allergenic shrimp proteins and the epitopes ...implicated in such allergic reactions. Objective We sought to identify the IgE-binding epitopes of the 4 shrimp allergens and to characterize epitope recognition profiles of children and adults with shrimp allergy. Methods Fifty-three subjects, 34 children and 19 adults, were selected with immediate allergic reactions to shrimp, increased shrimp-specific serum IgE levels, and positive immunoblot binding to shrimp. Study subjects and 7 nonatopic control subjects were tested by means of peptide microarray for IgE binding with synthetic overlapping peptides spanning the sequences of Litopenaeus vannamei shrimp tropomyosin, arginine kinase (AK), myosin light chain (MLC), and sarcoplasmic calcium-binding protein (SCP). The Wilcoxon test was used to determine significant differences in z scores between patients and control subjects. Results The median shrimp IgE level was 4-fold higher in children than in adults (47 vs 12.5 kUA /L). The frequency of allergen recognition was higher in children (tropomyosin, 81% 94% for children and 61% for adults; MLC, 57% 70% for children and 31% for adults; AK, 51% 67% for children and 21% for adults; and SCP, 45% 59% for children and 21% for adults), whereas control subjects showed negligible binding. Seven IgE-binding regions were identified in tropomyosin by means of peptide microarray, confirming previously identified shrimp epitopes. In addition, 3 new epitopes were identified in tropomyosin (epitopes 1, 3, and 5b-c), 5 epitopes were identified in MLC, 3 epitopes were identified in SCP, and 7 epitopes were identified in AK. Interestingly, frequency of individual epitope recognition, as well as intensity of IgE binding, was significantly greater in children than in adults for all 4 proteins. Conclusions Children with shrimp allergy have greater shrimp-specific IgE antibody levels and show more intense binding to shrimp peptides and greater epitope diversity than adults.
Background Allergic Rhinitis and its Impact on Asthma (ARIA) differentiates mild from moderate/severe patients on the basis of 4 severity items. The high prevalence of moderate/severe patients ...suggests the need to differentiate between them. Objectives To identify the categorization that maximizes discrimination between moderate and severe allergic rhinitis (AR) by using ARIA guidelines. Methods Observational, cross-sectional study. Clinical characteristics, nasal symptoms (Total Symptom Score 4), and health-related quality of life (HRQL; Rhinoconjunctivitis Quality of Life Questionnaire and Short Form 12) were assessed. The association of severity items ( sleep , daily activities/sport , work/school , and troublesome symptoms ) with symptoms and HRQL was analyzed using linear regression models. ANOVA and effect sizes were used to assess differences in symptoms and HRQL among groups defined by the number of affected ARIA items. Results Nontreated patients (N = 141) with moderate/severe AR were studied. All severity items showed a similar independent association with symptoms and HRQL scores, and there were no interaction effects, indicating that categorization of patients into moderate and severe could be based only on the number of items affected. Effect sizes were highest between patients with 4 affected ARIA items and those with 3, 2, or 1 affected item (effect sizes greater than 0.8 in all comparisons using Rhinoconjunctivitis Quality of Life Questionnaire and Short Form 12 Physical Composite Summary, and greater than 0.5 using the Total Symptom Score 4; P < .001). Conclusion Using ARIA severity items, the criterion that best discriminates AR severity is considering moderate those with 1 to 3 affected items and severe those with 4. Clinical implications Discrimination between patients with moderate and severe AR should help to obtain homogeneous populations for both research and clinical purposes.
The diagnosis of shellfish allergy remains a challenge for clinicians. Several shellfish allergens have been characterized and their IgE epitopes identified. However, the clinical relevance of this ...sensitization is still not clear.
The objective of this study was to identify allergens and epitopes associated with clinical reactivity to shrimp.
Shrimp-sensitized subjects were recruited and grouped based on the history of shrimp-allergic reactions and challenge outcome. IgE reactivity to recombinant crustacean allergens, and IgE and IgG4 reactivity to peptides were determined. Subjects sensitized to dust mites and/or cockroach without shrimp sensitization or reported allergic reactions, as well as nonatopic individuals, were used as controls.
A total of 86 subjects were recruited with a skin prick test to shrimp; 74 reported shrimp-allergic reactions, 58 were allergic (38 positive double-blind placebo-controlled food challenge and 20 recent anaphylaxis), and 16 were tolerant. All subjects without a history of reactions had negative challenges. The individuals with a positive challenge more frequently recognized tropomyosin and sarcoplasmic calcium-binding proteins than those found tolerant by the challenge. Especially a sarcoplasmic-calcium-binding-protein positive test is very likely to result in a positive challenge, though the frequency of recognition is low. Subjects with dust mite and/or cockroach allergy not sensitized to shrimp recognized arginine kinase and hemocyanin. Several epitopes of these allergens may be important in predicting clinical reactivity.
Tropomyosin and sarcoplasmic-calcium-binding-protein sensitization is associated with clinical reactivity to shrimp. Myosin light chain testing may help in the diagnosis of clinical reactivity. Arginine kinase and hemocyanin appear to be cross-reacting allergens between shrimp and arthropods. Detection of IgE to these allergens and some of their epitopes may be better diagnostic tools in the routine workup of shrimp allergy.
Background Food allergy to hazelnut occurs both with and without concomitant pollen allergy. Objective We sought to evaluate a panel of hazelnut allergens for diagnosis of hazelnut allergy in Spain, ...Switzerland, and Denmark. Methods Fifty-two patients with a positive double-blind, placebo-controlled food challenge result with hazelnuts; 5 patients with a history of anaphylaxis; 62 patients with pollen allergy but hazelnut tolerance; and 63 nonatopic control subjects were included. Serum IgE levels to hazelnut extract, recombinant hazelnut allergens (rCor a 1.04, rCor a 2, rCor a 8, rCor a 11), and native allergens (nCor a 9, nCor a Bd8K, nCor a Bd11K) were analyzed by means of ImmunoCAP. Results Among patients with hazelnut allergy, 91% (Switzerland/Spain, 100%; Denmark, 75%) had IgE to hazelnut extract, 75% to rCor a 1.04, 42% to rCor a 2, 28% to rCor a 8, and 2% to rCor a 11. The highest rate of sensitization to Cor a 1.04 was found in the northern regions (Switzerland/Denmark, 100%; Spain, 18%), whereas IgE to the lipid transfer protein rCor a 8 prevailed in Spain (Spain, 71%; Switzerland, 15%; Denmark, 5%). IgE to profilin rCor a 2 was equally distributed (40% to 45%). Among control subjects with pollen allergy, 61% had IgE to hazelnut extract, 69% to rCor a 1.04, 34% to rCor a 2, 10% to rCor a 8, and 6% to rCor a 11. Conclusion Component-resolved in vitro analyses revealed substantial differences in IgE profiles of hazelnut allergic and hazelnut tolerant patients across Europe.
Background Eosinophils secrete several granules that are involved in the propagation of inflammatory responses in patients with pathologies such as asthma. Objective We hypothesized that some of ...these granules are exosomes, which, when transferred to the recipient cells, could modulate asthma progression. Methods Eosinophils were purified from peripheral blood and cultured with or without IFN-γ or eotaxin. Multivesicular bodies (MVBs) in eosinophils were studied by using fluorescence microscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and flow cytometry. Exosome secretion was measured and exosome characterization was performed with TEM, Western blotting, and NanoSight analysis. Results Generation of MVBs in eosinophils was confirmed by using fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry and corroborated by means of TEM. Having established that eosinophils contain MVBs, our aim was to demonstrate that eosinophils secrete exosomes. To do this, we purified exosomes from culture medium of eosinophils and characterized them. Using Western blot analysis, we demonstrated that eosinophils secreted exosomes and that the discharge of exosomes to extracellular media increases after IFN-γ stimulation. We measured exosome size and quantified exosome production from healthy and asthmatic subjects using nanotracking analysis. We found that exosome production was augmented in asthmatic patients. Conclusion Our findings are the first to demonstrate that eosinophils contain functional MVBs and secrete exosomes and that their secretion is increased in asthmatic patients. Thus exosomes might play an important role in the progression of asthma and eventually be considered a biomarker.
Background Baker's asthma is a frequent occupational allergic disorder mainly caused by inhalation of cereal flours. Lipid transfer proteins (LTPs) constitute a family of plant food panallergens, but ...their role as inhalant and wheat allergens is still unclear. Objective We sought to explore the involvement of wheat LTPs in baker's asthma caused by wheat flour sensitization. Methods Forty patients with occupational asthma caused by wheat flour inhalation were studied. Wheat LTP, Tri a 14, was purified by using a 2-step chromatographic protocol and characterized by N-terminal amino acid sequencing and 3-dimensional modeling. Its reactivity was confirmed by means of IgE immunodetection, ELISA and ELISA-inhibition assays, and skin prick tests. Results Specific IgE to Tri a 14 was found in 60% of 40 individual sera from patients with baker's asthma, and the purified allergen elicited positive skin prick test reactions in 62% of 24 of these patients. Tri a 14 and peach LTP, Pru p 3, showed a sequence identity of 45%, but the low cross-reactivity between both allergens detected in several individual sera reflected great differences in their 3-dimensional IgE-binding regions. Conclusions Wheat LTP is a major inhalant allergen associated with baker's asthma caused by wheat flour sensitization. Poor cross-reactivity with its peach homolog was found in some patients. Clinical implications LTPs can be considered relevant inhalant allergens linked to respiratory disorders. LTP from wheat (Tri a 14) can be used as a helpful tool for the diagnosis of baker's asthma.
Transcriptomic analysis was carried out for the top 70 DA associated SNPs using available transcription factor (TF) datasets from relevant lung-derived tissues and cell lines, including ChIP- seq ...datasets for TFs, regulatory histone marks, and DNase-seq (open chromatin).
Rationale Knowledge of the prevalence of different species of dust mites according geographical areas is important to support the diagnostic and specific treatment of allergic diseases that dust ...mites trigger.
Aerobiological Study in Lima (PERÚ) Calderón, Oscar, MD; Uriarte, Silvia, MD; Quirce, Santiago, MD, PhD ...
Journal of allergy and clinical immunology,
02/2015, Letnik:
135, Številka:
2
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Rationale Knowledge about seasonal and annual fluctuations in airborne pollen and fungal spores in any geographical area is essential for effective diagnosis and treatment of allergy diseases.
Conclusions The presence of exosomes from eosinophils of asthmatic alter the functionality of bronchial smooth muscle cells and airways epithelial cells.
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