This article focuses on understanding the Mode II interlaminar fracture and damage behavior of glass fiber reinforced polymer (GFRP) woven laminates at cryogenic temperatures. A four point bend, end ...notched flexure (4ENF) test is performed at room temperature (RT), liquid nitrogen temperature (77 K) and liquid helium temperature (4K), and an R-curve characterization is conducted for determining the mode II cryogenic fracture properties of GFRP woven laminates. The test configuration is also analyzed by finite element analysis coupled with damage. The damage distributions within the 4ENF specimens are predicted, and the effect of damage on the Mode II energy release rate is examined. This work is the first application of failure criteria (Hoffman criterion and maximum strain criterion) to the description of the R-curve behavior and interlaminar fracture toughness values of woven laminate ENF specimens at cryogenic temperatures.
Perinatal venous infarcts are underrecognized clinically and at imaging. Neonates may be susceptible to venous infarcts because of hypercoagulable state, compressibility of the dural sinuses and ...superficial veins due to patent sutures, immature cerebral venous drainage pathways, and drastic physiologic changes of the brain circulation in the perinatal period. About 43% of cases of pediatric cerebral sinovenous thrombosis occur in the neonatal period. Venous infarcts can be recognized by ischemia or hemorrhage that does not respect an arterial territory. Knowledge of venous drainage pathways and territories can help radiologists recognize characteristic venous infarct patterns. Intraventricular hemorrhage in a term neonate with thalamocaudate hemorrhage should raise concern for internal cerebral vein thrombosis. A striato-hippocampal pattern of hemorrhage indicates basal vein of Rosenthal thrombosis. Choroid plexus hemorrhage may be due to obstruction of choroidal veins that drain the internal cerebral vein or basal vein of Rosenthal. Fan-shaped deep medullary venous congestion or thrombosis is due to impaired venous drainage into the subependymal veins, most commonly caused by germinal matrix hemorrhage in the premature infant and impeded flow in the deep venous system in the term infant. Subpial hemorrhage, an underrecognized hemorrhage stroke type, is often observed in the superficial temporal region, and its cause is probably multifactorial. The treatment of cerebral sinovenous thrombosis is anticoagulation, which should be considered even in the presence of intracranial hemorrhage.
RSNA, 2024 Test Your Knowledge questions in the supplemental material and the slide presentation from the RSNA Annual Meeting are available for this article.
Random telegraph noise (RTN) is a phenomenon that is considered to limit the reliability and performance of circuits using advanced devices. The time constants of carrier capture and emission and the ...associated change in the threshold voltage are important parameters commonly included in various models, but their extraction from time-domain observations has been a difficult task. In this study, we propose a statistical method for simultaneously estimating interrelated parameters: the time constants and magnitude of the threshold voltage shift. Our method is based on a graphical network representation, and the parameters are estimated using the Markov chain Monte Carlo method. Experimental application of the proposed method to synthetic and measured time-domain RTN signals was successful. The proposed method can handle interrelated parameters of multiple traps and thereby contributes to the construction of more accurate RTN models.
Deciduoid mesothelioma is a rare variant of epithelioid mesothelioma. We experienced the case of a 73-year-old man with asbestos exposure who was diagnosed with malignant pleural mesothelioma with ...deciduoid features. He received chemotherapy containing six cycles of cisplatin and pemetrexed and survived for twenty-five months after the diagnosis. At autopsy, the final diagnosis was biphasic pleural mesothelioma. Cells with deciduoid features had mostly disappeared, and spindle cells markedly proliferated. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first autopsy case of malignant pleural mesothelioma with deciduoid features that exhibited a response to chemotherapy.
Microstructure and creep strength of two high-Cr ferritic heat resistant steels –11Cr and 9Cr - were investigated at a temperature of 650°C. 11Cr steel containing relatively higher carbon, aluminum ...and nickel than 9Cr steel showed a significant drop in creep strength after 1000 h, while 9Cr showed a recovery in creep strength after a slight drop. 11Cr steel contained M23(CB)6, Z phase and a relatively coarsened Laves phase as precipitates after 7000 h at a temperature of 650°C, while the 9Cr steel contained fine MX, ultrafine M6C, as well as M23(CB)6 and Laves phase. Z phase was not found and the growth of Laves phase was retarded in the 9Cr steel. Hence, it was concluded that the drop in creep strength of 11Cr steel was attributed to the coarsened Laves and Z phases, and the recovery of creep strength in the 9Cr steel to the fine MX and M6C precipitates. The experimental results on the effect of steel composition on the stability of precipitates in steels were thermodynamically consistent with the Thermo-Calc calculation results, which used an existing database. We concluded that chromium and aluminum increased the kinetics of the formation and coarsening of the precipitates.
Abstract
Conclusion: Even after the administration of a standard dose of an intravenous gadolinium-based contrast agent (GBCA), visualization of endolymphatic hydrops (ELH) became possible in ...patients with Meniere's disease. The next step would be to consistently visualize ELH in the upper part of the cochlea. Objective: To visualize ELH after routine administration of an intravenous GBCA. Methods: An intravenous GBCA (gadodiamide; 0.2 ml/kg) was administered to three patients with unilateral Meniere's disease and two healthy volunteers. Three-dimensional fluid attenuated inversion recovery (3D-FLAIR) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was performed with a 3 T MRI scanner 4 h later. Results: In all three patients, ELH was observed in the affected vestibules. In contrast, the endolymphatic space of both vestibules was the same size in healthy volunteers. ELH of the cochlea was not observed in any of the subjects. Gadolinium enhancement was insufficient in the upper turns of both cochleae in patients 1 and 3.
SARS-CoV-2 enters cells via binding of the surface-exposed spike protein RBD to host cell ACE2 receptors. Therefore, in this study, we designed a scFv (single-chain fragment variable) based on the ...amino acid sequence of CC12.1, a neutralizing antibody found in the serum of patients with COVID-19. scFv is a low-molecular-weight antibody designed based on the antibody-antigen recognition site. Compared with the original antibody, scFv has the advantages of high tissue penetration and low production cost. In this study, we constructed gmLAB (genetically modified lactic acid bacteria) by incorporating the designed scFv into a gene expression vector and introducing it into lactic acid bacteria, aiming to develop microbial therapeutics against COVID-19. In addition, gmLAB were also constructed to produce GFP-fused scFv as a means of visualizing scFv. Expression of each scFv was confirmed by Western blotting, and the ability to bind to the RBD was investigated by ELISA. This study is the first to design a scFv against the RBD of SARS-CoV-2 using gmLAB and could be applied in the future.
In Japan, the number of patients receiving dialysis is 314,180 at the end of 2013 and 97% are treated with hemodialysis. And the mean age of patients and the percentage of diabetes have been ...increasing. For this reason, preparations of a new vascular access (VA) and its long-term maintenance have become difficult. In the guidelines by the Japanese Society for Dialysis Therapy (JSDT), endovascular treatment (ET) is positioned as the first line for VA stenosis. The procedure of ET itself is very simple. The revision of Japanese health insurance set an expensive technical fee for ET in 2012. It also added a restriction by which the claims for both technical and material fees would be denied, if the treatment was performed within 3 months after a previous treatment. This makes determination of best treatment timing more important. The functional evaluation using ultrasonography (US) is a useful monitoring index for determination of the ET timing for patients with stenosis. We investigated the cumulative relative frequency of flow volume (FV) and resistant index (RI) of brachial artery in arteriovenous graft (AVG) and arteriovenous fistula (AVF) cases with access failures. As a result, the cut-off values of FV and RI in AVG were 480 mL/min and 0.57, and in AVF were 354 mL/min and 0.61, respectively. Therefore we determine the treatment timing based on these results. Since 2012, active monitoring using US could have decreased the number of treatment patients by 100 per year. This meant that objective evaluation by US enabled treatments at a more suitable time to promote the proper use of medical expenses for EV treatment.
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