This paper addresses the debate on establishing GIs in weak national institutional contexts. It builds on evidence provided by six case studies in a project implemented by the African Intellectual ...Property Organization (French acronym OAPI) in Western and Central Africa: Oku white honey, Penja pepper, Ziama-Macenta coffee, Dogon shallots, Galmi purple onions, and Korhogo cloth. Thanks to OAPI’s unique status and an appropriate methodology, three GIs have been registered. We notice a lack of sound and effective state involvement which can limit the successful development of GIs. We identify some decisive factors in successful collective action.
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to advance our understanding of the links between the representativeness of the local community by those drafting and elaborating the specification of the ...geographical indication (GI), the market access and the use of the GI.
Design/methodology/approach
The present study followed a comparative research design, building upon primary data from the field works dealing with the elaboration and development of GIs worldwide, from legislations on the protection of GIs and from secondary data, i.e. literature dealing with the elaboration of the GI specifications at case level or national/international level.
Findings
The GI is permeable to a multitude of objectives and the management of controversies represent the “price of participatory democracy”, which still needs to be under the umbrella of the justice of peace, the State authority. Representativeness does not necessarily conduct to equity and fairness. It depends on the heterogeneity of the value chain, which might lead to the dilution of the GI specificity. Mandatory membership might not be always the best option Transparency to guarantee the producer’s group works for the common good is essential.
Originality/value
The controversies in the elaboration of the GI product specification are directly induced by the controversies in the management of the GI either by the collective organisation of producers or by the public authority. Issues such as representativeness, mandatory membership, transparency and heterogeneity of the value chain are deeply analysed to understand the functioning of GI producers associations and their limits. The state intervention as justice of the peace appears necessary.
New agricultural and food models are being deployed in the territories in response to criticism of old forms and to face new challenges. They embody archetypes of the diversity observed, actor ...projects or even new standards. The authors here analyze situations of coexistence and confrontation of agricultural and food models according to four major dimensions of territorial development: the tension between specialization and diversification, innovation, adaptation and food transition. A series of conceptual works and case studies in France and around the world make it possible to understand the interactions between these models (confrontation, complementarity, coevolution, hybridization, etc.), beyond the characterization of their diversity and of evaluation of their relative performance. The coexistence and confrontation of these models strengthen their capacity for radical change. The book highlights the original questions of the analytical framework, its methodological challenges and the expected consequences for supporting agricultural and food development in rural and urban areas. It is intended for researchers, teachers, students and professionals interested in territorial development.
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to advance our understanding of the links between the representativeness of the local community by those drafting and elaborating the specification of the ...geographical indication (GI), the market access and the use of the GI.
Design/methodology/approach
The present study followed a comparative research design, building upon primary data from the field works dealing with the elaboration and development of GIs worldwide, from legislations on the protection of GIs and from secondary data, i.e. literature dealing with the elaboration of the GI specifications at case level or national/international level.
Findings
The GI is permeable to a multitude of objectives and the management of controversies represent the “price of participatory democracy”, which still needs to be under the umbrella of the justice of peace, the State authority. Representativeness does not necessarily conduct to equity and fairness. It depends on the heterogeneity of the value chain, which might lead to the dilution of the GI specificity. Mandatory membership might not be always the best option Transparency to guarantee the producer’s group works for the common good is essential.
Originality/value
The controversies in the elaboration of the GI product specification are directly induced by the controversies in the management of the GI either by the collective organisation of producers or by the public authority. Issues such as representativeness, mandatory membership, transparency and heterogeneity of the value chain are deeply analysed to understand the functioning of GI producers associations and their limits. The state intervention as justice of the peace appears necessary.
This article proposes a research agenda for situations of coexistence of territorial agricultural and food models. Indeed, new agricultural and food models are being deployed at the territorial scale ...in response to criticisms of existing models and to meet new challenges. These new models embody archetypes of observed diversity, actors’ projects or standards. We use a bibliographic review and six seminars organized between 2015 and 2017 to propose an analytical framework based on four major dimensions of territorial development: the tension between specialization and diversification, innovation, adaptation and transition of food systems. We show that it is essential to understand the interactions between territorial agricultural and food models (confrontation, complementarity, coevolution, hybridization, etc.), going beyond just the characterization of the diversity of models and the evaluation of their relative performances. We conclude by highlighting the original aspects of the proposed analytical framework, its methodological challenges and the expected consequences for providing support to agricultural and food development in urban and rural territories.
Os últimos anos foram marcados por grandes mudanças no cenário político, políticas públicas para Reforma Agrária e Agricultura Familiar foram cortadas, diminuindo assim, as possibilidades de ...comercialização para o mercado institucional. Isso gerou um cenário de insegurança para alguns agricultores familiares, que tiveram que buscar outras formas de se organizar e escoar a sua produção. Este artigo visa estudar a criação, trajetória e mobilização da Cooperativa da Agricultura Familiar de Americana (Cooperflora) ligada ao Movimento dos Trabalhadores Rurais Sem Terra (MST) estabelecida no Projeto de Desenvolvimento Sustentável (PDS) Milton Santos, na comercialização em circuitos curtos e descrever como a organização da cooperativa contribuiu para a permanência do agricultor no campo. Para atingir os objetivos propostos foi feito um estudo de caso junto a Cooperflora, para condução do artigo utilizou-se como metodologia a pesquisa descritiva e exploratória e como procedimento de coleta de dados utilizou-se de entrevistas. Com o estudo conseguimos conhecer como se deu a criação da cooperativa e como os agricultores estão se organizando para escoar os seus produtos. Conclui-se o papel fundamental da organização coletiva como uma forma de ação educativa e para promoção desenvolvimento rural.
Cet article se focalise sur l’originalité du processus d’enregistrement des indications géographiques (IG). Ce processus permet à des communautés locales de protéger leurs produits d’origine. Pour ...cela, des collectifs de producteurs prennent la responsabilité de construire collectivement les règles de l’IG, dans la limite du maintien du lien entre le produit et son origine géographique. À travers une analyse globale des cadres institutionnels intégrant la diversité des situations au niveau mondial, cet article montre que la philosophie des IG et leur traduction dans les règles juridiques pour l’enregistrement officiel est originellement fondée sur une éthique du compromis. Des études de cas dans différents contextes permettent ensuite de montrer que dans la pratique, les conditions d’une éthique du compromis ne sont pas toujours réunies pour enregistrer les IG. Ces situations, qui ne permettent pas de fonder les IG sur des compromis territorialisés, sont des facteurs d’échecs et d’injustice.
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