Background: Increased expression of cathepsin D (CD) and B (CB) is found in some cancers and correlates with the development of clinical metastases. It was suggested that these cathepsins could be ...used as prognostic markers, especially CD in breast cancer. Because serum level of Hemorphin-7 (H7) peptides could reflect CD activity, we have hypothesised that it could be used as a prognostic factor in breast cancer.
Methods: To verify this hypothesis, H7 serum levels from 62 breast cancer patients and 25 healthy controls were measured by ELISA.
Results: The mean serum concentration of H7 was 2.27±0.63 μmol/l in breast cancer patients in comparison with 4.09±1.05 μmol/l in controls (
p=0.002). This reduced level of H7 in breast cancer could be due to the over-expression of CB, which exhibits strong interaction with H7 in vitro, with a ratio
K
cat/
K
m estimated at 18,000 s
−1 M
−1.
Conclusions: Because H7 serum levels did not correlate with other parameters including age, CA15-3 and ACE markers, it seems that they might be used as independent markers for the diagnosis of breast cancer.
To investigate the hypothesis that gastrin might be synthesized by tumour tissues in cancer of the colon, samples from six human colon tumours, one hepatic metastasis, four normal colonic mucosal ...samples and two antral and one fundic gastric mucosal samples from nine patients were analysed to determine whether gastrin mRNA was present. RNA was extracted from surgical specimens by ultracentrifugation on a CsCl cushion, purified using the guanidinium thiocyanate method, reverse-transcribed and amplified by polymerase chain reaction. Gastrin mRNA was detected in each colonic carcinoma sample (including the hepatic metastasis), while no such signal was observed in normal colon biopsies. Positive and negative controls (gastric antrum and fundus respectively) gave the expected results. In each of the positive samples, the chemiluminescent revelation of amplified products after Southern blotting corresponded to gastrin mRNA without the intron. These findings demonstrate the ability of primary and metastatic human colonic tumours to produce gastrin mRNA. Since malignant cell lines have been reported to produce gastrin peptide, and since gastrin receptors were present in some cases, our results support the idea that gastrin may be involved in an autocrine mechanism.
L’utilisation de médicaments radiopharmaceutiques (MRP) dans les services de médecine nucléaire français est soumise à l’obtention d’une autorisation de mise sur le marché (AMM) et leur développement ...se heurte à des considérations économiques du fait d’un marché commercial réduit. Une mise à disposition par les radiopharmacies sous le statut de préparation magistrale peut être envisagée et est réalisée dans d’autres pays européens. La mise en œuvre de ces préparations magistrales radiopharmaceutiques est contraignante en termes de locaux, équipements, matières premières et produit fini de qualité pharmaceutique selon les bonnes pratiques de préparation (BPP) et engage la coresponsabilité médicale et pharmaceutique. Elle doit être évaluée au cas par cas en termes de qualité et de sécurité pour le patient. Cependant, ce statut est adapté pour répondre à des besoins particuliers pour un patient donné et non dans le cadre de développement de médicament. Un statut particulier de préparation par des radiopharmacies spécialisées, établissements pharmaceutiques, avec autorisation préalable par l’autorité compétente selon un dossier pharmaceutique défini conviendrait mieux et permettrait aux patients un accès à des traitements ou scintigraphies performants dans tous les centres de médecine nucléaire approvisionnés par ces radiopharmacies.
Use of radiopharmaceuticals in French nuclear medicine departments depends on marketing authorization and their development may be compromised by a limited return on investment. As an alternative, radiopharmaceuticals may also be prepared in the form of a magistral preparation, like in some European countries. In this case, these preparations are subjected to restrictions and requirements for radiopharmacies relating to quality assurance, facilities and equipment, quality of starting materials and final radiopharmaceutical products defined in French good preparation practice. Labelled tracers used as magistral preparations have to be prepared under the full responsibility of a radiopharmacist and used under the responsibility of the prescribing physician. Conditions of sufficient guarantees for the safety of the patient and adherence to pharmaceutical rules must be evaluated individually. However, this form of preparation intends to supply specific medical needs for an individual patient and is not an answer in the framework of development of radiopharmaceuticals.
Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) was compared to prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP) in patients with prostatic cancer suspected to have bone metastases. Bone scans were classified according to ...metastatic skeletal involvement. The sensitivity of PSA in predicting the presence of metastatic disease (68%) was better than that of PAP (53%). Specificity was 79% for PSA and 90% for PAP. Thirty-five patients had a positive PSA level and a normal scintigraphy (false-positive); 14 of them had only endoscopic prostate resection. Thirty-eight patients underwent a further exploration 3-18 months later. PSA level during disease was correlated to scintigraphy in 32 of 38 patients.
Elements of bio-logics SAUVAN, R
Agressologie: revue internationale de physio-biologie et de pharmacologie appliquees aux effets de l'agression,
1962 Sep-Oct, Letnik:
3
Journal Article
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