Anwendungsgebiete von IVIg in der Neurologie Eienbröker, Christian; Seipelt, Maria; Tackenberg, Björn
Der Neurologe & Psychiater : DNP,
6/2014, Letnik:
15, Številka:
6
Journal Article
This document provides a joint recommendation for venous blood sampling of the European Federation of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (EFLM) Working Group for Preanalytical Phase (WG-PRE) ...and Latin American Working Group for Preanalytical Phase (WG-PRE-LATAM) of the Latin America Confederation of Clinical Biochemistry (COLABIOCLI). It offers guidance on the requirements for ensuring that blood collection is a safe and patient-centered procedure and provides practical guidance on how to successfully overcome potential barriers and obstacles to its widespread implementation. The target audience for this recommendation are healthcare staff members directly involved in blood collection. This recommendation applies to the use of a closed blood collection system and does not provide guidance for the blood collection with an open needle and syringe and catheter collections. Moreover, this document neither addresses patient consent, test ordering, sample handling and transport nor collection from children and unconscious patients. The recommended procedure is based on the best available evidence. Each step was graded using a system that scores the quality of the evidence and the strength of the recommendation. The process of grading was done at several face-to-face meetings involving the same mixture of stakeholders stated previously. The main parts of this recommendation are: 1) Pre-sampling procedures, 2) Sampling procedure, 3) Post-sampling procedures and 4) Implementation. A first draft of the recommendation was circulated to EFLM members for public consultation. WG-PRE-LATAM was also invited to comment the document. A revised version has been sent for voting on to all EFLM and COLABIOCLI members and has been officially endorsed by 33/40 EFLM and 21/21 COLABIOCLI members. We encourage professionals throughout Europe and Latin America to adopt and implement this recommendation to improve the quality of blood collection practices and increase patient and workers safety.
Macrophages serve as a first line of defense against microbial pathogens. Exposure to interferon-γ (IFNγ) increases interferon-stimulated gene (ISG) expression in these cells, resulting in enhanced ...antimicrobial and proinflammatory activity. Although this response must be sufficiently vigorous to ensure the successful clearance of pathogens, it must also be carefully regulated to prevent tissue damage. This is controlled in part by CBP/p300-interacting transactivator with glutamic acid/aspartic acid-rich carboxyl-terminal domain 2 (CITED2), a transcriptional coregulator that limits ISG expression by inhibiting STAT1 and IRF1. Here, we show that the closely related Cited1 is an ISG, which is expressed in a STAT1-dependent manner, and that IFNγ stimulates the nuclear accumulation of CITED1 protein. In contrast to CITED2, ectopic CITED1 enhanced the expression of a subset of ISGs, including Ccl2, Ifit3b, Isg15 and Oas2. This effect was reversed in a Cited1-null cell line produced by CRISPR-based genomic editing. Collectively, these data show that CITED1 maintains proinflammatory gene expression during periods of prolonged IFNγ exposure and suggest that there is an antagonistic relationship between CITED proteins in the regulation of macrophage inflammatory function. This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
IL‐35 is a heterodimer of EBV‐induced gene 3 and of the p35 subunit of IL‐12, and recently identified as an inhibitory cytokine produced by natural Treg in mice, but not in humans. Here we ...demonstrate that DC activated by human rhinoviruses (R‐DC) induce IL‐35 production and release, as well as a suppressor function in CD4+ and CD8+ T cells derived from human peripheral blood but not in naïve T cells from cord blood. The induction of IL‐35‐producing T cells by R‐DC was FOXP3‐independent, but blocking of B7‐H1 (CD274) and sialoadhesin (CD169) on R‐DC with mAb against both receptors prevented the induction of IL‐35. Thus, the combinatorial signal delivered by R‐DC to T cells via B7‐H1 and sialoadhesin is crucial for the induction of human IL‐35+ Treg. These results demonstrate a novel pathway and its components for the induction of immune‐inhibitory T cells.
Acest document oferă o recomandare comună a Federației Europene de Chimie Clinică și Medicină de Laborator (EFLM), Grupului de lucru pentru faza preanalitică (WG-PRE) și Grupului de lucru din America ...Latină pentru Faza preanalitică (WG-PRE-LATAM) al Confederației Americii Latine de Biochimie Clinică (COLABIOCLI) pentru recoltarea sângelui venos. Documentul oferă îndrumări asupra cerințelor pentru asigurarea faptului că procedura de recoltare a sângelui este una sigură, centrată pe pacient și oferă îndrumări practice despre cum să fie depășite cu succes potențiale bariere și obstacole în calea difuzării și implementării ei. Publicul țintă pentru această recomandare este personalul medical implicat direct în procesul de recoltare a sângelui. Această recomandare se aplică în cazul utilizării unui sistem închis de recoltare a sângelui și nu oferă recomandări pentru recoltarea sângelui cu seringi și catetere în sistem deschis. Mai mult, acest document nu abordează obținerea consimțământului pacientului, solicitarea testelor, manipularea și transportul probelor și nici recoltarea de la copii și pacienții inconștienți. Procedura recomandată se bazează pe cele mai bune dovezi disponibile. Fiecare pas a fost evaluat folosind un sistem care punctează calitatea dovezilor și puterea recomandării. Procesul de evaluare a fost realizat la mai multe întâlniri față în față implicând aceleași părți interesate menționate anterior. Principalele părți ale acestei recomandări sunt: 1) Proceduri de pre-recoltare, 2) Procedura de recoltare, 3) Proceduri de post-recoltare şi 4) Implementarea. O primă schiță a recomandării a fost transmisă membrilor EFLM pentru consultare publică. A fost invitat și WG-PRE-LATAM pentru a comenta documentul. O versiune revizuită a fost trimisă spre vot tuturor membrilor EFLM și COLABIOCLI și a fost aprobată oficial de 33 dintre cei 40 de membri EFLM și toți membri COLABIOCLI. Încurajăm profesioniștii din toată Europa şi America Latină să adopte şi să implementeze această recomandare pentru a îmbunătăți calitatea practicilor de recoltare a sângelui și creșterea siguranței pacientului și personalului medical.
Abstract
IL-35 is a heterodimer of EBV-induced gene 3 and of the p35 subunit of IL-12, and was identified as an inhibitory cytokine produced by natural regulatory T cells in mice, but not in humans. ...Here we demonstrate that DC activated by human rhinoviruses (R-DC) induce IL-35 production and release, as well as a suppressor function in CD4+ and CD8+ T cells derived from human peripheral blood but not in naïve T cells from cord blood. The induction of IL-35-producing T cells by R-DC was FOXP3-independent. We observed that, when we blocked B7-H1 and sialoadhesin on the R-DC side with specific mAb against both receptors, the induction of IL-35 was prevented. Thus, the combinatorial signal delivered by R-DC to T cells via B7-H1 and sialoadhesin is crucial for the induction of human IL-35 producing regulatory T cells. These results demonstrate a novel pathway and its components for the induction of immune-inhibitory T cells.
This document provides a joint recommendation for venous blood sampling of the European federation of clinical chemistry and laboratory medicine (EFLM) Working Group for preanalytical phase (WG-PRE) ...and Latin American working group for preanalytical phase (WG-PRE-LATAM) of the Latin America confederation of clinical biochemistry (COLABIOCLI). It offers guidance on the requirements for ensuring that blood collection is a safe and patient-centered procedure and provides practical guidance on how to successfully overcome potential barriers and obstacles to its widespread implementation. The target audience for this recommendation are healthcare staff members directly involved in blood collection. This recommendation applies to the use of a closed blood collection system and does not provide guidance for the blood collection with an open needle and syringe and catheter collections. Moreover, this document neither addresses patient consent, test ordering, sample handling and transport nor collection from children and unconscious patients. The recommended procedure is based on the best available evidence. Each step was graded using a system that scores the quality of the evidence and the strength of the recommendation. The process of grading was done at several face-to-face meetings involving the same mixture of stakeholders stated previously. The main parts of this recommendation are: 1) Pre-sampling procedures, 2) Sampling procedure, 3) Post-sampling procedures and 4) Implementation. A first draft of the recommendation was circulated to EFLM members for public consultation. WG-PRE-LATAM was also invited to comment the document. A revised version has been sent for voting on to all EFLM and COLABIOCLI members and has been officially endorsed by 33/40 EFLM and 21/21 COLABIOCLI members. We encourage professionals throughout Europe and Latin America to adopt and implement this recommendation to improve the quality of blood collection practices and increase patient and workers safety.
Dendritic cells (DCs) use pattern recognition receptors to sense invading viruses and triggering of these receptors induces a maturation program. Human rhinoviruses (HRVs) belong to the family of ...Picornaviridae, which have a single-stranded, coding RNA genome. Because HRV does not replicate in DCs, we used genomic RNA from HRV in this study to analyze the impact of natural occurring viral ssRNA on DC function. We found that transfection of human monocyte-derived DCs with viral ssRNA induced type I IFN production but failed to activate the NF-kappaB pathway in DCs. In line with this observation, the up-regulation of typical maturation markers such as CD83 or the production of the proinflammatory cytokines IL-12p40, IL-6, and TNF-alpha was not detectable. Most importantly, the T cell stimulatory capacity of viral ssRNA-treated DCs was not enhanced and remained at the level of immature DCs. Taken together, our results demonstrate that viral ssRNA efficiently activates the innate defense arm of DCs, whereas it is insufficient to activate the stimulatory capacity of DCs for the adaptive defense responses.
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