Side by side comparisons of kWh/kWp from individual dc modules are usually <; ±5% when correctly measured. Some PV simulation programs give biases towards certain technologies mainly due to the ...limitations in the 1-diode model 1 which predicts incorrect Pmax - temperature and low light efficiency coefficients 2. The distribution of plane of array insolation vs. irradiance is affected by averaging by time 3. PV low light efficiency often differs between clear dawn/dusk and diffuse conditions which is not modelled. The spectral response and angle of incidence dependence between the PV technology and the irradiance sensor (particularly with pyranometers) differ. Some thin film devices are also susceptible to seasonal annealing (improving after hot weather periods i.e. better in autumn than spring). These discrepancies are discussed further and a new PV model (LFM-B) is introduced which was developed with Oerlikon Solar to lessen these limitations and errors4.
Gemstone Team BREATHE (Bay Revitalization Efforts Against the Hypoxic Environment)
Harmful algal blooms (HABs) are proliferations of phytoplankton in marine ecosystems. Cyanobacteria, often referred ...to as algae, are one of the many microorganisms capable of reaching bloom abundances. In recent years, HABs have increased in prevalence in the Chesapeake Bay due to eutrophication from nutrient and pollution runoff into the watershed. Our research focused on the mitigation of HABs, specifically blooms of Microcystis aeruginosa, a cyanobacterium that blooms annually in the upper Chesapeake and its tributaries. Our mitigation approach used sediment-flocculant mixtures to remove cyanobacteria cells from the water column. We explored the environmental impact of our efforts and the potential for indigenous grass restoration by incorporating submerged aquatic vegetation (SAV) seeds into our mitigation technique. Based on our data regarding efficacy, cost, environmental safety, and public opinion, we suggest mixtures consisting of local sediments and the flocculant chitosan for use in mitigating M. aeruginosa HABs in the Chesapeake Bay.
We present an experiment to sympathetically cool protons and antiprotons in a Penning trap by resonantly coupling the particles to laser cooled beryllium ions using a common endcap technique. Our ...analysis shows that preparation of (anti)protons at mK temperatures on timescales of tens of seconds is feasible. Successful implementation of the technique will have immediate and significant impact on high-precision comparisons of the fundamental properties of protons and antiprotons. This in turn will provide some of the most stringent tests of the fundamental symmetries of the Standard Model.
We developed highly-sensitive image-current detection systems based on superconducting toroidal coils and ultra-low noise amplifiers for non-destructive measurements of the axial frequencies ...(550\(\sim\)800\(\,\)kHz) of single antiprotons stored in a cryogenic multi-Penning-trap system. The unloaded superconducting tuned circuits show quality factors of up to 500\(\,\)000, which corresponds to a factor of 10 improvement compared to our previously used solenoidal designs. Connected to ultra-low noise amplifiers and the trap system, signal-to-noise-ratios of 30\(\,\)dB at quality factors of > 20\(\,\)000 are achieved. In addition, we have developed a superconducting switch which allows continuous tuning of the detector's quality factor, and to sensitively tune the particle-detector interaction. This allowed us to improve frequency resolution at constant averaging time, which is crucial for single antiproton spin-transition spectroscopy experiments, as well as improved measurements of the proton-to-antiproton charge-to-mass ratio.
Until recently, most children with diabetes mellitus had type 1 diabetes (T1DM). The prevalence of type 2 diabetes (T2DM) is on the rise in North America, especially in risk populations such as the ...American Indians. Few epidemiological data on the incidence of the disease exist in Europe. In a prospective population-based epidemiological study, all newly diagnosed cases of diabetes mellitus in patients under 15 years of age were registered nation-wide in Austria between 1999 and 2001. Differential diagnosis (according to the American Diabetes Association diagnostic criteria) was based on clinical case definition. During the 3 years of the study period, 529 cases of DM <15 years were documented, of which 510 were clinically assigned to T1DM (271 boys, 239 girls) resulting in an incidence rate of 12.4/100,000. In the same network, eight cases were diagnosed as T2DM (one boy, seven girls) and two cases with an atypical form of T2DM (two girls). The age of onset of T2DM was 12-15 years and all patients were overweight (body mass index >90th percentile). The calculated incidence for T2DM <15 years in Austria was 0.25/100,000.
at present, type 2 diabetes mellitus is rare but exists in children aged under 15 years in Austria. Follow-up of this registration will help to describe the secular trend.
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