Les études africaines sur le neuro-Behçet (NB) sont majoritairement maghrébines, mais l’Afrique noire n’est pas en reste. L’objectif de l’étude était de décrire les particularités diagnostiques et ...thérapeutiques du NB dans une série sénégalaise colligée à Dakar. Il s’agit d’une étude rétrospective à visée descriptive menée à la clinique de neurologie du centre hospitalier universitaire de Fann de Dakar, au Sénégal. Tous les patients répondant aux critères diagnostiques de NB ont été inclus. Seize patients ont été colligés, 14 hommes et deux femmes avec un âge moyen de 40 ans 18–71. Les principaux signes neurologiques étaient un déficit moteur (13 cas), des céphalées (10 cas) et un trouble du langage (4 cas). Les signes extraneurologiques étaient dermatologiques (14 cas), oculaires (2 cas) et articulaires (2 cas) à type de gonarthrite unilatérale aseptique. Une fièvre était présente chez neuf patients. L’atteinte neurologique était majoritairement parenchymateuse isolée (8 cas) ou mixte (6 cas). Les principales formes cliniques de NB étaient la rhombencéphalite (8 cas) et la névrite optique rétrobulbaire (4 cas). Sept patients avaient un angio-Behçet cérébral à type de thromboses veineuses cérébrales (3 cas), d’infarctus cérébraux (2 cas) et d’hématomes intracérébraux (2 cas). Sous prednisone (16 cas) et azathioprine (3 cas), l’évolution clinique à court terme était majoritairement favorable (14 cas) avec un score de Rankin modifié de 2 au moment de l’exeat. Le NB est une maladie de l’homme adulte sous-diagnostiquée en Afrique noire. Des études ultérieures multicentriques nationales et sous-régionales sont souhaitables.
Digital interventions are potential tools for reducing and limiting occupational sedentary behaviour (SB) in sedentary desk-based jobs. Given the harmful effects of sitting too much and sitting for ...too long while working, the aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to examine the effectiveness of workplace interventions, that incorporated digital elements, to reduce the time spent in SB in office workers.
Randomised control trials that evaluated the implementation of workplace interventions that incorporated digital elements for breaking and limiting SB among desk-based jobs were identified by literature searches in six electronic databases (PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, CINAHL, PsycINFO and PEDro) published up to 2023. Studies were included if total and/or occupational SB were assessed. Only studies that reported pre- and postintervention mean differences and standard deviations or standard errors for both intervention arms were used for the meta-analysis. The meta-analysis was conducted using Review Manager 5 (RevMan 5; Cochrane Collaboration, Oxford, UK). Risk of bias was assessed using the Standard Quality Assessment Criteria for Evaluating Primary Research Papers from a Variety of Fields QUALSYST tool.
Nineteen studies were included in the systematic review. The most employed digital elements were information delivery and mediated organisational support and social influences. Multicomponent, information, and counselling interventions measuring total and/or occupational/nonoccupational SB time by self-report or via device-based measures were reported. Multicomponent interventions were the most represented. Eleven studies were included in the meta-analysis, which presented a reduction of 29.9 (95% CI: -45.2, -14.5) min/8 h workday in SB (overall effect: Z = 3.81).
Multicomponent interventions, using a wide range of digital features, have demonstrated effectiveness in reducing time spent in SB at the workplace among desk-based employees. However, due to hybrid work (i.e., work in the office and home) being a customary mode of work for many employees, it is important for future studies to assess the feasibility and effectiveness of these interventions in the evolving work landscape.
The review protocol was registered in the Prospero database (CRD42022377366).
L’hypomagnésémie congénitale est une affection rare mais son retentissement neurocognitif est important en l’absence d’une prise en charge précoce et adaptée. Nous rapportons l’observation familiale ...de 3 enfants sénégalais issus d’un mariage consanguin, qui avaient présenté des convulsions néonatales et un retard des acquisitions psychomotrices. La tomodensitométrie cérébrale avait mis en évidence une atrophie cortico-sous-corticale et des calcifications dans un cas et l’imagerie par résonance magnétique cérébrale avait objectivé une atrophie cérébelleuse prédominante chez les deux autres enfants. Le bilan biologique avait mis en évidence une hypocalcémie, une hyperphosphorémie et une hypomagnésémie chez les trois enfants. Le taux de parathormone sanguine était effondré chez deux enfants et normal chez l’autre. L’un de ces enfants est décédé à l’âge de 7 mois. Pour les deux autres, une supplémentation en calcium et en magnésium avait permis la normalisation de la calcémie et de la phosphorémie mais la magnésémie était restée basse malgré de fortes doses.
Congenital hypomagnesemia is a rare disease, with an impact on cognitive and neurological development. We report on three familial cases of congenital hypomagnesemia, two boys and one girl who belong to the same consanguineous family. They all presented neonatal seizures and a psychomotor developmental delay. Cerebral computed tomography showed cerebral atrophy and calcifications in one case and magnetic resonance imaging found predominant cerebellar atrophy in the two other cases. All three patients also had hypocalcemia, hyperphosphoremia, and hypomagnesemia. The parathyroid hormone blood level was low in two cases and normal in the third. One 7-month old patient died. The others received a supplementation of calcium and magnesium, which normalized calcemia, phosphatemia but not magnesemia, which remained low despite high doses. They have both developed cognitive and behavioral impairments.
Cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT) are underdiagnosed in sub-saharan Africa where publications are uncommon. Our study aim was to describe the CVT diagnostic and therapeutic features through a ...senegalese case series.
A monocentric retrospective and prospective study was conducted at the adult Neurology department of Fann Teaching Hospital in Dakar (Senegal), between January 01, 2013 and April 30, 2020. It had included all CVT cases diagnosed by neurovascular imaging.
Seventy CVT cases were collected including 48 women (68.6%). The average age of the patients was 35.2±14 years. The main neurological signs were headache (92.8%) and motor deficit (41.4%), with subacute onset in 67.2% of cases. The superior sagittal sinus (54.3%) and the transverse sinus (38.6%) were the most affected with multiple involvements in 27 patients (38.6%). Thirty patients (42.8%) had indirect parenchymal signs such as venous infarction (15.7%), cerebral edema (11.4%) or intracerebral hemorrhage (12.8%). The etiological factors were mostly infectious (41.4%) with meningoencephalitis (12.8%) and otorhinolaryngological infection (10%). Gyneco-obstetric factors (27%) and Behçet's disease (7%) were the main aseptic factors. In the short-term clinical course, curative anticoagulation (98.6%) had enabled a favourable outcome (mRS 0-1) in half of the patients.
Our study, the largest series in sub-saharan Africa to this date, confirms that CVT is a young women disease. Infectious etiology is the most frequent at the Fann national teaching hospital (41.4% in Dakar against 6.5% in Germaine Bousser's series) even if the etiological assessment is limited by financial constraints (no coagulopathy/thrombophilia check-up).
Efficacy of classical manual material handling (MMH) training interventions on back pain prevention at the workplace has been called into question. The way that observation (self-observation or ...hetero-observation) is used in other areas to create feedback addressed to modify motor activities can justify innovative components for these interventions. However, their implementation and evaluation cannot be done without tackling the methodological challenge of developing a reliable observational instrument to measure manual handling practice during the training process. The aims of this study were: (1) justify and develop an hetero-observation (H-O) instrument to assess changes in the worker behavioral patterns with a level of analysis convenient to derive a parallel version for the systematic self-observation (S-O) during training on MMH; (2) provide evidence on the inter-rater reliability of the H-O instrument; (3) provide evidence on the usability of the S-O instrument and its perceived usefulness; and (4) provide evidence on the benefits that can be derived with the use of the H-O instrument to create feedback based on T-pattern and polar coordinate analysis. A mixed method approach mainly grounded on systematic observation was used. A convenience sample composed by blue-collar workers participated in the study. Based on literature review and expert opinion, the H-O instrument proposed was composed by six dimensions (feet, knee joints, back, elbow joints, load position, and interaction between back tilt and displacement) plus a structural dimension which defined MMH phases. The inter-rater reliability of this instrument was almost perfect for all dimensions using a tolerance level of 2 s (the range of time-unit kappa was from 0.93 to 0.97 and the range of event-based kappa was from 0.82 to 0.9). The usability and usefulness of the S-O instrument was highly valued by workers. Regarding the way to use hetero-observations to create feedback, the paper shows the great potential of T-pattern and polar coordinate analysis. The observational instruments developed combined with these techniques make it possible to characterize the body positions adopted during manual handling performance, and this is crucial to create feedback on performance instead of only feedback on results.
Hydraulic redistribution is the process of passive water movement from deeper moist soil to shallower dry soil layers using plant roots as conduits. Results from this study indicate that this ...phenomenon exists among two shrub species (Guiera senegalensis and Piliostigma reticulatum) that co-exist with annual food crops in Sahelian agro-ecosystems. Real-time measurements were conducted for soil water content, soil water potential and microclimate variables notably; air temperature, relative humidity, wind speed, precipitation and solar irradiance. Additionally, sap flow measurements were conducted in shrub roots using the thermal dissipation technique on intact and coppiced shrubs. Monthly predawn leaf water potential was measured using a portable pressure chamber. Soil water potential (Ψs) at the 20 cm depth declined significantly during the dry season with diel changes in Ψs of −0.6 to −1.1 MPa. These variations were attributed to passive water release from shrub roots resulting in overnight rewetting of drier upper soil layers. Sap flow measurements on tap and lateral shrub roots indicated daily reversals in the direction of flow. During the peak of the dry season, both positive (toward shrub) and negative (toward soil) flows were observed in lateral shrub roots with sap flow in the lateral roots frequently negative at night and rapidly becoming positive soon after sunrise. The negative sap flow at night in superficial lateral roots and the periodic positive flow in the descending tap roots were indicative of hydraulic redistribution. Hydraulic redistribution may be an important mechanism for drought stress avoidance while maintaining plant physiological functions in both shrubs and neighboring annuals in water-limited environments.
► Hydraulic redistribution (HR) was evidenced among two native shrub species. ► Dry season soil water potential revealed diurnal rewetting of upper profile near shrubs. ► Root sapflow reversals were indicative of HR and were detected in both shrub species. ► Vapor fluxes did not contribute significantly to the observed moisture fluxes. ► HR could alter regional water balances while benefiting shrubs and annual crops.
The aim of this study was to assess the causal mechanisms underlying populational subdivision in Drosophila gouveai, a cactophilic species associated with xeric vegetation enclaves in eastern Brazil. ...A secondary aim was to investigate the genetic effects of Pleistocene climatic fluctuations on these environments. Dry vegetation enclaves within the limits of the Cerrado domain in eastern Brazil. We determined the mitochondrial DNA haplotypes of 55 individuals (representing 12 populations) based on sequence data of a 483-bp fragment from the cytochrome c oxidase subunit II (COII) gene. Phylogenetic and coalescent analyses were used to test for the occurrence of demographic events and to infer the time of divergence amongst genetically independent groups. Our analyses revealed the existence of two divergent subclades (G1 and G2) plus an introgressed clade restricted to the southernmost range of D. gouveai. Subclades G1 and G2 displayed genetic footprints of range expansion and segregated geographical distributions in south-eastern and some central highland regions, east and west of the Paraná River valley. Molecular dating indicated that the main demographic and diversification events occurred in the late to middle Pleistocene. The phylogeographical and genetic patterns observed for D. gouveai in this study are consistent with changes in the distribution of dry vegetation in eastern Brazil. All of the estimates obtained by molecular dating indicate that range expansion and isolation pre-dated the Last Glacial Maximum, occurring during the late to middle Pleistocene, and were probably triggered by climatic changes during the Pleistocene. The current patchy geographical distribution and population subdivision in D. gouveai is apparently closely linked to these past events.
Suppose E is a uniformly smooth real Banach space and F, K: E → E are bounded accretive maps with D(K) = F(E) = E. Assume that the Hammerstein equation u + KFu = 0 has a solution u*. An explicit ...simple iteration process is shown to converge strongly to u*. No invertibility or continuity assumption is imposed on K. Our theorems are significant improvements on important recent results (e.g.
11
).
Shrubs in the Senegal Peanut basin co-exist with annual food crops in the landscape but are vulnerable to destruction by farmers in a bid to increase agricultural acreage and meet fuel demands. This ...study determined the impact of two native semi-arid shrub species (
Guiera senegalensis and
Piliostigma reticulatum) on field water balance components. Soil water fluxes in crop–shrub intercrops and in sole crops were quantified from soil moisture, soil micro-lysimetery and atmospheric measurements. Up to a depth of 1.10
m, shrubs did not compete with crops for water but preferentially extracted water from the lower portion of the profile below 1.10
m and even beyond the maximum measured depth of 3.5
m. This served as a significant component of the field water balance and was more pronounced at the
G. senegalensis site. Shrubs also captured drainage losses beyond the effective root depth of annuals and revealed 25–50% lower deep drainage losses than in sole crop plots. Both shrub species conferred a positive impact on the field moisture regime when intercropped with annuals through enhancing profile recharge in the rainy season. Shrub-mediated effects resulted in 20% higher soil water storage in the upper 1.10
m of the profile in crop–shrub intercrops compared to sole crop control plots. Findings from this study revealed a missing link that deserves special mention. Future work on quantification of water balance in semi-arid regions with crop–shrub associations needs to account for shrub contribution to field moisture fluxes through ground water uptake (
G
wup), a parameter often ignored, yet serves as a vital component in semi-arid ecosystems.
Childhood arterial ischemic stroke in Senegal (West Africa) Ndiaye, M.; Lengue, F.; Sagna, S.D. ...
Archives de pédiatrie : organe officiel de la Société française de pédiatrie,
August 2018, 2018-Aug, 2018-08-00, 20180801, Letnik:
25, Številka:
6
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Etiological factors of childhood ischemic stroke depend on the epidemiological context. The purpose of this study was to determine the risk factors, the clinical and radiologic features, and the ...outcome of arterial ischemic stroke in a case series of Senegalese children. We carried out a retrospective registry-based study on arterial ischemic stroke in children hospitalized in the neurology department of Fann Teaching Hospital and Albert Royer Children's Hospital, from January 2005 to December 2015. We enrolled 116 cases with an age range from 2 months to 18 years. The mean age at stroke occurrence was 71.5 months. The most common manifestations were hemiparesis (84%), aphasia (19%), and partial motor seizures (10%). The middle cerebral artery was the most affected (81%). Risk factors were predominantly sickle cell disease (38%), embolic heart disease (9%), and anemia (3%). Twenty-eight percent of patients were lost to follow-up, 62% had neurological impairments, and 4% died. Secondary prevention was based on antithrombotic agents. Prevention must be prioritized and public health actions need to focus on sickle cell disease, rheumatismal disease, anemia, and related disorders. It will be necessary to set up policies that fight against consanguineous marriage, endemic infections, and argue for better nutrition.
PDF
