Concerns about civil aviation’s air quality and environmental impacts have led to recent regulations on nonvolatile particulate matter (nvPM) mass and number emissions. Although these regulations do ...not mandate measuring particle size distribution (PSD), understanding PSDs is vital for assessing the environmental impacts of aviation nvPM. This study introduces a comprehensive data set detailing PSD characteristics of 42 engines across 19 turbofan types, ranging from unregulated small business jets to regulated large commercial aircraft. Emission tests were independently performed by using the European and Swiss reference nvPM sampling and measurement systems with parallel PSD measurements. The geometric mean diameter (GMD) at the engine exit strongly correlated with the nvPM number-to-mass ratio (N/M) and thrust, varying from 7 to 52 nm. The engine-exit geometric standard deviation ranged from 1.7 to 2.5 (mean of 2.05). The study proposes empirical correlations to predict GMD from N/M data of emissions-certified engines. These predictions are expected to be effective for conventional rich-burn engines and might be extended to novel combustor technologies if additional data become available. The findings support the refinement of emission models and help in assessing the aviation non-CO2 climate and air quality impacts.
In this paper we present an enhanced principal component analysis (PCA) algorithm for improving the rate of face recognition. The proposed method modifies the image histogram to provide a Gaussian ...shaped tonal distribution in the face images, such that spatially the entire set of face images presents similar facial gray-level intensities while the face content in the frequency domain remains mostly unaltered. Computationally inexpensive, the algorithm proves to yield superior results when applied as a preprocessing step for face recognition. Experimental results are presented to demonstrate effectiveness of the proposed technique.
A compact analytical model of nanoscale MOS transistors which takes into account the effects of velocity saturation and channel length modulation is proven. Equations for the transfer and output ...characteristics and for the dynamic analogue parameters (transconductance and output resistance) are obtained, in the case of pMOS, as well as nMOS transistors. Experimental transfer and output characteristics of short channel devices match well with calculated curves based on the model, for different transistor geometries. A very good agreement of the new model with the experimental data for transconductance and output resistance is also obtained.
The validation of a new analytical model for the electrical characteristics of deep submicron MOS transistors is accomplished through theory-experiment comparison in this paper. The model is proven ...to be accurate in all predictions regarding the effect of velocity saturation on the parameters of nanoscale MOSFET: transconductance, transitions currents, etc. Experimental transfer characteristics of short channel devices match well with calculated curves based on the model, for different transistor geometries.
Telerehabilitation has become a reality with the advances of communication and sensing technologies. The past decade has seen much research work done in rehabilitation using sophisticated devices and ...complex computations. A recent research trend has emerged with the proliferation of gaming devices and sensors. This work investigates rehabilitation of wrist and arm using the affordable Nintendo Wii Remote controller with an USB-equipped personal computer. Other gaming devices such as Microsoft's Kinect are discussed. The impact of positional displacement of the controller is examined. The sensitive of the controller with respect to prescribed motions is studied. Extensive experiments performed with various controllers, motions, and people are discussed. Conclusions are drawn on the suitability of using the Wii Remote controller in rehabilitation.
In recent years, advances in motion detection, tracking, and classification have made applications in telerehabiliation possible. Monitoring of the elder lies and physically impaired, sports ...medicine, and physical therapy, are some of the active research areas in telerehabiliation. Furthermore, the gaming industry has provided some low-cost devices to track motion with reasonable accuracy, thus, making telerehabiliation a reality for most people. This work introduces, presents, and discusses the progress in motion tracking and their application in telerehabiliation.
Computer-based instructional systems provide an ideal setting for learning certain types of sports. In particular, the sports that require premium space could leverage the widely available computing ...and Internet facilities to teach individual users anywhere and anytime. An e-learning tennis instruction system is currently being designed and developed. The Nintendo Wii Remote is selected as the input device for its low cost and racket-handle like shape. After the data from motion sensors are captured, they have to be cleansed, normalised clustered and classified. Data of three common swings, backhand, forehand, and overhand, have been recorded from fifty people of various levels of tennis skill. Experiments are carried out to identify the most suitable techniques to classify a tennis swing. The adaptive nature of a prototype system is also introduced.
In this paper we describe existing datacenter topology and the hardware as well the architecture and components of main GRID middleware used at ISS (gLite - EMI and AliEn). In the end is presented a ...status report of ISS facility performance numbers as seen by the GRID monitoring tools.
An analytical model to estimate the submicron MOS channel transconductance is presented. The model is continuous between conditions where velocity saturation can be either dominant or negligible, ...depending on the CMOS processes and bias voltages. New parameters are proposed for the description of the saturation velocity effects.
An analytical model to estimate the submicron MOS channel electrical characteristics is presented. The carrier mobility dependence on horizontal and vertical electrical fields in the transistor's ...channel is considered. New expressions are obtained for the transfer and output characteristics. A very good agreement between the model and the measured data on nMOS and pMOS structures for analogue applications is proved.
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