The assembly of primordial follicles early in ovarian development and subsequent transition to primary follicles are critical processes in ovarian biology. Inappropriate coordination of these ...processes contributes to ovarian pathologies such as premature ovarian failure and infertility. To better understand the molecular mechanisms involved in primordial follicle assembly and development, 2-D PAGE and MALDI-TOF/TOF technologies were used to construct a comparative proteome profile of the immature rat ovary at specific time-points (0, 24, 48, and 72 h postpartum). A total of 154 differential protein spots corresponding to 134 different proteins were definitively identified between any two time-points. Further cluster analysis showed four expression patterns, and each pattern correlated with specific cell processes that occur during early ovarian development. Seven proteins were randomly selected to verify expression patterns using Western blotting, and subsequently immunohistochemistry was performed to further investigate their cellular localization. Additionally, detailed functional analyses of these differentially expressed proteins were performed. Elucidation of how these changes in protein expression level coordinate primordial follicles assembly and development is intended to provide a better understanding of these critical biological processes early in ovarian development and will provide potential therapeutic molecular targets to regulate ovarian function and treat ovarian disease.
Blumeria graminis
f. sp.
tritici
(
Bgt
) is an obligate parasite that only infects living tissues of wheat (
Triticum aestivum
L.). Long term preservation of
Bgt
is useful for genetic studies but it ...is challenging due to difficulty of artificial cultivation. In this study a simple protocol was developed in which desiccating the conidia using crystals (3–6 mm in diameter) of silica gel allowed viable storage for 12 months. The conidia were mixed with silica gel, dried for 5 h at 23 °C, and then stored at −80 °C. The preserved
Bgt
isolates still maintained their viability after 12 months and successfully infected detached leaves of wheat seedlings. Analysis of 20
Bgt
isolates revealed that the cryopreservation process had no effect on two key phenotypic variants: virulence against 12 near-isogenic wheat cultivars and their sensitivity to the fungicide triadimefon. DNA sequencing analysis confirmed that the nucleotide sequences of the 1.4 α-demethylase inhibitor (
cyp51
), chitin synthase 1 (
chs1
), and β-tubulin (
tub2
) genes had not changed and still contained the corresponding single nucleotide mutations. These results indicate that the silica gel-based desiccation protocol is suitable for the long term preservation of large numbers of
Bgt
isolates.
Aiming at the classical correlation filter target tracking method in the field of computer vision, the content and steps of the correlation filter target tracking method were studied and analyzed, ...and its shortcomings were summarized. Then, in order to solve the problem of boundary effect in the target tracking method of correlation filtering, the construction method of background aware correlation filter is studied and analyzed. Secondly, the scale estimation method in the process of target tracking is introduced. Finally, around the optimization of the correlation filter target tracking method, the improvement ideas are put forward from four aspects: model update, target redetection, scale estimation and target characteristics.
Aim: To elucidate the anticancer mechanism of Huqi San by assessing the expression of G‐6‐Pase, SDH, ATPase and AFP in N‐nitrosodiethylamine‐mediated hepatocarcinogenesis in rats.
Methods: A ...Solt‐Farber two‐step test model of hepatocarcino genesis was established by diethylnitrosamine (DEN) and 2‐acetylaminofluorene (AAF) in rats to investigate the modifying effects of expression of 6‐glucosephosphatase (G‐6‐Pase), succinodehydrogenase (SDH), adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) in N‐nitrosodiethylamine‐mediated hepatocarcinogenesis. Hu Qisan compounded by eight medicinal herbs was prepared in glycoprival granules with wich 0.38 g crude herbs/mL solution was prepared for administration. γ‐Glutamy‐transpeptidase (γ‐GT), G‐6‐Pase, SDH and ATPase were immunohistochemically determined. The activity of alpha‐fetoglobulin (AFP) in the livers was measured with Immunofluorescence.
Results: Huqi San treated rats showed significant decrease in areas of ‐GT positive foci (P < 0.001). On the other hand, the expression of G‐6‐Pase, SDH and ATPase has obviously altered in Huqi San treated group. The activity of AFP also significantly decreased after the treatment with Huqi San (8 g/kg body weight or 4 g/kg body weight) or total alkali of mistletoe (0.12 g/kg body weight).
Post-translational modifications (PTMs) are essential for regulating conformational changes, activities and functions of proteins, and are involved in almost all cellular pathways and processes. ...Identification of protein PTMs is the basis for understanding cellular and molecular mechanisms. In contrast with labor-intensive and time-consuming experiments, the PTM prediction using various bioinformatics approaches can provide accurate, convenient, and efficient strategies and generate valuable information for further experimental consideration. In this review, we summarize the current progresses made by Chineses bioinformaticians in the field of PTM Bioinformatics, including the design and improvement of computational algorithms for predicting PTM substrates and sites, design and maintenance of online and offline tools, establishment of PTM-related databases and resources, and bioinformatics analysis of PTM proteomics data. Through comparing similar studies in China and other countries, we demonstrate both adva
AIMTo elucidate the anticancer mechanism of Huqi San by assessing the expression of G-6-Pase, SDH, ATPase and AFP in N-nitrosodiethylamine-mediated hepatocarcinogenesis in rats.METHODSA Solt-Farber ...two-step test model of hepatocarcino genesis was established by diethylnitrosamine (DEN) and 2-acetylaminofluorene (AAF) in rats to investigate the modifying effects of expression of 6-glucosephosphatase (G-6-Pase), succinodehydrogenase (SDH), adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) in N-nitrosodiethylamine-mediated hepatocarcinogenesis. Hu Qisan compounded by eight medicinal herbs was prepared in glycoprival granules with wich 0.38 g crude herbs/mL solution was prepared for administration. gamma-Glutamy-transpeptidase (gamma-GT), G-6-Pase, SDH and ATPase were immunohistochemically determined. The activity of alpha-fetoglobulin (AFP) in the livers was measured with Immunofluorescence.RESULTSHuqi San treated rats showed significant decrease in areas of gamma-GT positive foci (P< 0.001). On the other hand, the expression of G-6-Pase, SDH and ATPase has obviously altered in Huqi San treated group. The activity of AFP also significantly decreased after the treatment with Huqi San (8 g/kg body weight or 4 g/kg body weight) or total alkali of mistletoe (0.12 g/kg body weight).CONCLUSIONSHuqi San can obviously increase these activities of G-6-Pase, SDH and ATPase, and at the same time significantly decrease the expression of gamma-GT and AFP. Therefore, it can obstruct or inhibit the rat's liver preneolastic lesion induced by DEN.
