Deep learning (DL) is an advanced machine learning approach used in diverse areas, such as image analysis, bioinformatics, and natural language processing. A convolutional neural network (CNN) is a ...representative DL model that is advantageous for image recognition and classification. In this study, we aimed to develop a CNN to detect meniscal tears and classify tear types using coronal and sagittal magnetic resonance (MR) images of each patient.
We retrospectively collected 599 cases (medial meniscus tear = 384, lateral meniscus tear = 167, and medial and lateral meniscus tear = 48) of knee MR images from patients with meniscal tears and 449 cases of knee MR images from patients without meniscal tears. To develop the DL model for evaluating the presence of meniscal tears, all the collected knee MR images of 1048 cases were used. To develop the DL model for evaluating the type of meniscal tear, 538 cases with meniscal tears (horizontal tear = 268, complex tear = 147, radial tear = 48, and longitudinal tear = 75) and 449 cases without meniscal tears were used. Additionally, a CNN algorithm was used. To measure the model's performance, 70% of the included data were randomly assigned to the training set, and the remaining 30% were assigned to the test set.
The area under the curves (AUCs) of our model were 0.889, 0.817, and 0.924 for medial meniscal tears, lateral meniscal tears, and medial and lateral meniscal tears, respectively. The AUCs of the horizontal, complex, radial, and longitudinal tears were 0.761, 0.850, 0.601, and 0.858, respectively.
Our study showed that the CNN model has the potential to be used in diagnosing the presence of meniscal tears and differentiating the types of meniscal tears.
A subwavelength transmission imaging system based on Bessel–Gauss beam focusing in the 140 GHz frequency band (λ = 2.14 mm) was constructed for food quality inspection purposes. The system employed a ...low-cost beam source for imaging via mechanical raster scanning, and the high resolution (0.75 λ) focusing module had an extended depth of focus (12.6 λ) and supported a large scan area (800 × 400 mm2, 30 min scan time). The performance of the proof-of-concept system was nondestructively investigated by using a variety of food products, such as chocolate bars, dried laver, red ginseng, and walnuts.
•Subwavelength transmission imaging was implemented for food quality inspection.•Large area inspection was demonstrated with a low-cost millimeter wave source.•Various food products were nondestructively tested with high resolution and long DOF.
We propose and fabricate a random light scattering layer for light extraction in organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) with silver nanodots, which were obtained by melting silver nanowires. The OLED ...with the light scattering layer as an internal light extraction structure was enhanced by 49.1% for the integrated external quantum efficiency (EQE). When a wrinkle structure is simultaneously used for an external light extraction structure, the total enhancement of the integrated EQE was 65.3%. The EQE is maximized to 65.3% at a current level of 2.0 mA/cm2. By applying an internal light scattering layer and wrinkle structure to an OLED, the variance in the emission spectra was negligible over a broad viewing angle. Power mode analyses with finite difference time domain (FDTD) simulations revealed that the use of a scattering layer effectively reduced the waveguiding mode while introducing non-negligible absorption. Our method offers an effective yet simple approach to achieve both efficiency enhancement and spectral stability for a wide range of OLED applications.
Abstract
The study evaluated the efficacy of ID-JPL934, a probiotic preparation containing
Lactobacillus johnsonii
IDCC 9203,
Lactobacillus plantarum
IDCC 3501 and
Bifidobacterium lactis
IDCC 4301, ...in relieving lower gastrointestinal symptoms. A total of 112 subjects with lower gastrointestinal symptoms were consecutively enrolled. They were randomized into either ID-JPL934 administration group or placebo group. Bristol stool form, stool frequency, and abnormal bowel movement symptoms were recorded at baseline and week 2, 6, and 8. Primary endpoint was improvement in overall symptoms at week 8. Fecal samples were collected to measure the probiotic levels in feces using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), and to perform metagenomic analysis of microbiome originating from bacteria-derived extracellular vesicles and bacterial cells via 16S rDNA sequencing. Of the 112 subjects, 104 (54 in ID-JPL934 group and 50 in placebo group) completed the entire study protocol. A higher relief of overall symptoms was found in ID-JPL934 group than in placebo group (
p
= 0.016). Among lower gastrointestinal symptoms, abdominal pain and bloating scores were more decreased in ID-JPL934 group than in placebo group (
p
< 0.05). The fecal microbiome profiles of the two groups did not differ. However, the qPCR analysis showed significant increase in the levels of
Lactobacillus johnsonii
and
Bifidobacterium lactis
in feces post-treatment in ID-JPL934 group than in placebo group (
p
< 0.05 by repeated measure ANOVA). In conclusion, ID-JPL934 is effective in relieving lower gastrointestinal symptoms. Exposure to ID-JPL934 may increase the abundance of
Lactobacillus johnsonii
and
Bifidobacterium lactis
in the gut.
Trial registration:
ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT03395626.
Atrophic gastritis (AG) and intestinal metaplasia (IM) are regarded as precancerous lesions of gastric cancer. Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection is a major cause of AG and IM. Although ...stomach is a hostile environment for most bacteria, increased microbial diversity with the predominance of Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria is frequently observed in H. pylori-uninfected healthy stomach; however, dysbiosis with H. pylori predominance occurs in individuals with H. pylori-associated active chronic gastritis. H. pylori disappear in cases of severe AG and IM or in an environment with high intragastric pH, and consequently, the microbial diversity increases; however, the bacterial composition of these patients differs from that of the individuals with no history of H. pylori infection. According to previous studies, the relative abundance of Firmicutes, such as Streptococcus, Lactobacillus, and Lactococcus, was increased with mucosal atrophy and metaplasia. Oral cavity flora, such as Fusobacterium and Veillonella as well as nitrosating or nitrate-reducing bacteria, other than H. pylori could increase in individuals with severe AG and IM. Alternations of the gastric microbiota following mucosal atrophy and metaplasia may play a pivotal role in gastric carcinogenesis. Nevertheless, more well-designed studies with larger sample size focusing on the gastric mucosa-associated microbial profiles of H. pylori-negative healthy gastric mucosa, H. pylori-infected gastritis, AG, IM with or without H. pylori, and gastric cancer are necessary in the future.
To investigate the correlation between dyspeptic symptoms and gastric motility parameters measured by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) using volumetry and motility indices in patients with ...Parkinson's disease (PD).
In this IRB-approved study, MRI datasets obtained from August 2014 to May 2016 in 38 PD patients were retrospectively analyzed. Patients underwent a 120-minute-long MRI study using a liquid test meal and 8 sets of scans. Gastric content volume (GCV) and total volume (TGV), gastric half emptying time (T1/2), motility index (GMI), accommodation (GA), and emptying (GE) values were acquired. These measurements were compared between patients according to the presence of gastric symptoms: early satiety (n = 25), epigastric pain (n = 13), and dyspepsia (n = 28).
Patients with early satiety showed significantly decreased GE of GCV and TGV (p < 0.001 and p = 0.017). Dyspeptic patients had significantly decreased GE of GCV and GMI (p = 0.001 and p = 0.029). GE of GCV at 90 and 120 minutes were significantly lower in patients with early satiety (p = 0.001 and p = 0.002). GE of GCV and GMI at 90 minutes were significantly decreased in patients with dyspepsia (p = 0.004 and p = 0.002). T1/2 of GCV was prolonged in patients with early satiety, epigastric pain, and dyspepsia (p = 0.004, p = 0.041, and p = 0.023). T1/2 of TGV also delayed in patients with early satiety (p = 0.023). GMI at 90 minutes was significantly correlated with dyspepsia on multivariable analysis (p = 0.028).
Gastric motility can be quantitatively assessed by MRI, showing decreased GMI, delayed GE, and prolonged T1/2 in PD patients with early satiety or dyspepsia.
•V2O3 and V2O3/C were selectively synthesized.•V2O3/C showed a uniform microsphere and uniform coating of carbon on V2O3.•V2O3/C showed the improved electrochemical performance in LIBs.•The improved ...performance might be attributed to a carbon network.
The electrochemical performance of V2O3 as an anode in lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) is quite good but it is very difficult to compete with Si/C composites. Because its intrinsic electrical conductivity and volumetric expansion during charging/discharging limit its applications as an anode in LIBs. In this study, microspherical V2O3 anode samples were prepared using a facile synthesis procedure such as the solvothermal method and heating process. Furthermore, a composite sample comprising V2O3 and carbon (V2O3/C) could be selectively prepared in the absence of ethanol washing and centrifugation. In particular, compared to a commercial V2O3 and V2O3, the V2O3/C anode exhibited enhanced electrochemical performance, i.e., rate performance (230 mAh g−1 at 1.0 A g−1, 180 mAh g−1 at 2.0 A g−1), cycling properties (508 mAh g−1 at 0.1 A g−1 for 100 cycles), and high retention (~100%).
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In Korea, the incidence of colorectal cancer has increased and obesity is on a rising trend because of a Westernized lifestyle in men.
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship ...between metabolic health status, as well as BMI, and the incidence of colorectal cancer.
This was a prospective cohort study.
The study was conducted with the National Health Insurance Service-National Sample Cohort.
A total of 408,931 Korean adults without cancer at baseline were followed up until 2013 (mean follow-up, 9 y).
Demographic, anthropometric, and laboratory data at baseline were collected and categorized. The presence of diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and dyslipidemia was defined using the criteria of previous studies. The incidence of colorectal cancer was also defined according to the International Classification of Disease, 10 Revision, codes and the claim data on endoscopy with biopsy.
During the follow-up, 5108 new cases of colorectal cancer occurred. Being underweight (<18.5 kg/m) reduced the risk for colorectal cancer among women (adjusted HR = 0.646 (95% CI, 0.484-0.863)), whereas high BMI significantly increased the risk in men and in the elderly. Obesity (≥25 kg/m), diabetes mellitus, and hypertension were identified as risk factors for colorectal cancer in men but not for women. Although metabolically unhealthy nonobese men had a higher risk for colorectal cancer than metabolically healthy nonobese men (adjusted HR = 1.114 (95% CI, 1.004-1.236)), the risk was lower than that in the obese men.
The study population consisted of people who underwent health examinations, thus there could be selection bias.
In Korean adults, obesity contributes to the incidence of colorectal cancer with a sex difference. Nonobese but metabolically unhealthy men are considered to be a high-risk group for colorectal cancer, but obesity itself is more important in colorectal carcinogenesis. See Video Abstract at http://links.lww.com/DCR/A475.
A combination of hydrogel materials, and therapeutic agents have been actively reported to facilitate bone defect healing. However, conventionally hydrogels using cross-linker would result in low ...stability of the hydrogel itself, loss of agents during cross-linking, and complexity of use. In this study, alendronate was tethered to an AlA to improve its bone healing and drug-loading stability. AlA was further functionalized with Ca2+ (AlACa). A mixture of AlACa and alginate formed AlAA hydrogel. The gelation time of AlAA was sufficient for injecting into the defect site. The hydrogel stiffness was controlled, while the stress-relaxation time was fixed. In vitro cell tests demonstrated that the AlAA promoted proliferation and differentiation behaviors. In particular, AlAA showed the best mechanical stiffness with appropriate stress-relaxation and cellular behavior, indicating that it would be beneficial as a scaffold in the bone tissue engineering field.
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