Electrochemical sodium storage and capture are considered an attractive technology owing to the natural abundance, low cost, safety, and cleanness of sodium, and the higher efficiency of the ...electrochemical system compared to fossil‐fuel‐based counterparts. Considering that the sodium‐ion chemistry often largely deviates from the lithium‐based one despite the physical and chemical similarities, the architecture and chemical structure of electrode materials should be designed for highly efficient sodium storage and capture technologies. Here, the rational design in the structure and chemistry of carbon materials for sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs), sodium‐ion capacitors (SICs), and capacitive deionization (CDI) applications is comprehensively reviewed. Types and features of carbon materials are classified into ordered and disordered carbons as well as nanodimensional and nanoporous carbons, covering the effect of synthesis parameters on the carbon structure and chemistry. The sodium storage mechanism and performance of these carbon materials are correlated with the key structural/chemical factors, including the interlayer spacing, crystallite size, porous characteristics, micro/nanostructure, morphology, surface chemistry, heteroatom incorporation, and hybridization. Finally, perspectives on current impediment and future research directions into the development of practical SIBs, SICs, and CDI are also provided.
The key aspects of designing the structure and chemistry of carbon materials are comprehensively reviewed for applications such as sodium‐ion batteries, sodium‐ion capacitors, and capacitive deionization. The classification and features of carbon materials into graphitic and disordered carbons are described, as well as nanodimensional and nanoporous carbons, covering the correlation of structure and chemistry with electrochemical properties, and perspectives in electrochemical sodium‐ion storage and capture.
An ultrahigh performance MoS2 photodetector with high photoresponsivity (1.94 × 106 A W–1) and detectivity (1.29 × 1012 Jones) under 520 nm and 4.63 pW laser exposure is demonstrated. This ...photodetector is based on a methyl‐ammonium lead halide perovskite/MoS2 hybrid structure with (3‐aminopropyl)triethoxysilane doping. The performance degradation caused by moisture is also minimized down to 20% by adopting a new encapsulation bilayer of octadecyltrichlorosilane/polymethyl methacrylate.
Owing to the earth‐abundant resources, cost effective materials and stable electrochemical properties, sodium‐ions batteries (SIBs) show long‐term potential in responding to the rapid consumption of ...lithium resources and the ever‐increasing development of new energy storage devices. Nevertheless, the intrinsic properties of the large ion radius (Na+ 1.02 Å vs Li+ 0.76 Å) and positive reduction potential (Na/Na+ −2.71 V vs Li/Li+ −3.04 V) may impede ion diffusion, thus causing serious volume expansion, resulting in poor cycling stability. To address these issues, the incorporation of active sites into carbonaceous anode is considered as an efficient strategy to enhance interfacial compatibility, enlarge interlayer distance, and supply reversible Faradic pseudo‐capacitance. Herein, the multiple active sites carbonaceous anodes for SIBs anode are comprehensively reviewed. Typically, carbonaceous materials are categorized into diffusion and surface controlled based on Na storage mechanism, and the concepts of intrinsic/extrinsic active sites are proposed according to the types of active sites. Furthermore, to reveal the reaction kinetics and guide the rational design of high performance anodes, the (spectro) electrochemical analysis methods and corresponding key parameters are introduced. Additionally, primary superiorities, essential issues, and supposed solutions of multiple active sites carbonaceous Na anodes are discussed and the future development directions are also proposed. This review may provide new design thoughts for high performance carbonaceous Na storage anodes.
The multiple active sites in carbonaceous Na storage anodes are categorized into intrinsic and extrinsic according to their origin, and further subdivided based on their reaction mechanism. Moreover, various electrochemical analysis methods and corresponding key parameters are introduced to deepen reaction mechanism and guide the rational design.
Biomineralization is a naturally occurring process in living organisms. In this review, we discuss microbially induced calcium carbonate precipitation (MICP) in detail. In the MICP process, urease ...plays a major role in urea hydrolysis by a wide variety of microorganisms capable of producing high levels of urease. We also elaborate on the different polymorphs and the role of calcium in the formation of calcite crystal structures using various calcium sources. Additionally, the environmental factors affecting the production of urease and carbonate precipitation are discussed. This MICP is a promising, eco-friendly alternative approach to conventional and current remediation technologies to solve environmental problems in multidisciplinary fields. Multiple applications of MICP such as removal of heavy metals and radionuclides, improve the quality of construction materials and sequestration of atmospheric CO
2
are discussed. In addition, we discuss other applications such as removal of calcium ions, PCBs and use of filler in rubber and plastics and fluorescent particles in stationary ink and stationary markers. MICP technology has become an efficient aspect of multidisciplinary fields. This report not only highlights the major strengths of MICP, but also discusses the limitations to application of this technology on a commercial scale.
A body pressure relief system was newly developed with optical pressure sensors for pressure ulcer prevention. Unlike a conventional alternating pressure air mattress (APAM), this system ...automatically regulates air flow into a body supporting mattress with adaptive inflation (or deflation) duration in response to the pressure level in order to reduce skin stress due to prolonged high pressures. The system continuously quantifies the body pressure distribution using time-of-flight (ToF) optical sensors. The proposed pressure sensor, a ToF optical sensor in the air-filled cell, measures changes in surface height of mattress when pressed under body weight, thereby indirectly indicating the interface pressure. Non-contact measurement of optical sensor usually improves the durability and repeatability of the system. The pressure sensor was successfully identified the 4 different-predefined postures, and quantitatively measured the body pressure distribution of them. Duty cycle of switches in solenoid valves was adjusted to 0-50% for pressure relief, which shows that the interface pressure was lower than 32 mmHg for pressure ulcer prevention.
The chromatin remodeler RSF1 enriched at mitotic centromeres is essential for proper chromosome alignment and segregation and underlying mechanisms remain to be disclosed. We here show that PLK1 ...recruitment by RSF1 at centromeres creates an activating phosphorylation on Thr236 in the activation loop of Aurora B and this is indispensable for the Aurora B activation. In structural modeling the phosphorylated Thr236 enhances the base catalysis by Asp200 nearby, facilitating the Thr232 autophosphorylation. Accordingly, RSF1-PLK1 is central for Aurora B-mediated microtubule destabilization in error correction. However, under full microtubule-kinetochore attachment RSF1-PLK1 positions at kinetochores, halts activating Aurora B and phosphorylates BubR1, regardless of tension. Spatial movement of RSF1-PLK1 to kinetochores is triggered by Aurora B-mediated phosphorylation of centromeric histone H3 on Ser28. We propose a regulatory RSF1-PLK1 axis that spatiotemporally controls on/off switch on Aurora B. This feedback circuit among RSF1-PLK1-Aurora B may coordinate dynamic microtubule-kinetochore attachment in early mitosis when full tension yet to be generated.
This article aims to understand the effect of firms' application development activities when introducing new technologies from universities or public institutes on the success of commercialization ...and corporate growth. Technology itself does not guarantee corporate growth; instead, it is commercialization that contributes more to achieving a sustainable competitive edge, as it offers economic value. We collected samples on the commercialization performance of start-ups that adopted the technology of universities or public research institutes and measured the intensity of the firms' application development activities as the gap between the technology readiness levels (TRLs) at the time of technology acquisition and the firms' current TRL. Our findings show that the process of transferring technology to firms is mediated by the firms' application development performance. Most notably, we first observed that firms' investments in commercialization have no significant direct effect on commercialization success; instead, we found that this relationship is mediated by the TRL gap. This article suggests that it is necessary to consider the entire process-from the technology transfer to firms to successful commercialization-to form a mechanism under which universities and research institutes can create substantial additional value and allow their research to realize their full potential.
Corticocancellous bone grafting from the iliac crest is acceptable treatment for unstable scaphoid nonunion with a viable proximal pole. However, harvesting graft from the iliac crest is associated ...with donor site morbidity and the requirement of general anesthesia. Thus, bone grafting from the anterolateral metaphysis of the distal radius (DR) can be a treatment option. However, no study has compared the clinical effect between the two grafting techniques.
From 2014 to 2019, patients with unstable scaphoid nonunion with humpback deformity underwent corticocancellous bone grafting from the anterolateral metaphysis of the DR (group DR) or iliac crest (group IC). Humpback deformity was determined by evaluating the scapholunate angle (SLA) ≥ 60°, intrascaphoid angle (ISA) ≥ 45°, and radiolunate angle (RLA) ≥ 15° from preoperative radiographs and computed tomography scans. The SLA, ISA, and RLA served to gauge carpal alignment. The operative time, grip strength, active range of motion (ROM), the Modified Mayo Wrist score (MMWS), and Disabilities of Arm, Shoulder, and Hand (DASH) score were assessed postoperatively.
Thirty-eight patients qualified for the study (group DR, 15; group IC, 23). Union rates did not differ by patient subset (group DR, 100%; group IC, 95.7%; P = .827), and grip strength, ROM, MWS, and DASH score were similar between groups at the last follow-up. The operative time (minutes) was significantly shorter in group DR (median, 98; quartiles, 80, 114) than in group IC (median, 125; quartiles, 105, 150, P < .001). The ISA, RLA, and SLA improved postoperatively in both groups (P < 0.001). The degree of restoring carpal alignment, as evaluated by SLA, showed superior correction capability in group DR (median, 25.3% quartiles, 21.1, 35.3, P < 0.05). Donor site complications were not significantly different between the groups.
Corticocancellous bone graft from the anterolateral metaphysis of the DR for unstable scaphoid nonunion is associated with a shorter operation time and comparable results with that from the iliac crest in regard to union, restoration of carpal alignment, and wrist function.
Level III.
Background
Anti‐heat shock protein (HSP) autoantibodies are detected in autoimmune diseases. We sought to ascertain whether anti‐HSP10 IgG is present in patients with CSU and to elucidate the role of ...HSP10 in CSU pathogenesis.
Method
Using a human proteome microarray, six potential autoantibodies had higher expression in 10 CSU samples compared with 10 normal controls (NCs). Among them, HSP10 IgG autoantibody was quantified by immune dot‐blot assay in sera from 86 CSU patients and 44 NCs. The serum levels of HSP10 and microRNA‐101‐5p were measured in CSU patients and NCs. The effects of HSP10 and miR‐101‐5p on mast cell degranulation in response to IgE, compound 48/80, and platelet‐activating factor (PAF) were investigated.
Results
CSU patients had higher IgG positivity to HSP10 (40.7% vs. 11.4%, p = .001), lower serum HSP10 levels (5.8 ± 3.6 vs. 12.2 ± 6.6 pg/mL, p < .001) than in NCs, and their urticaria severity was associated with anti‐HSP10 IgG positivity, while HSP10 levels were related to urticaria control status. MiR‐101‐5p was increased in CSU patients. PAF enhanced IL4 production in PBMCs from CSU patients. IL‐4 upregulated miR‐101‐5p and reduced HSP10 expression in keratinocytes. Transfection of miR‐101‐5p reduced HSP10 expression in keratinocytes. MiR‐101‐5p promoted PAF‐induced mast cell degranulation, while HSP10 specifically prevented it.
Conclusion
A new autoantibody, anti‐HSP10 IgG was detected in CSU patients, which showed a significant correlation with UAS7 scores. A decreased serum HSP10 level was associated with upregulation of miR‐101‐5p due to increased IL‐4 and PAF in CSU patients. Modulation of miR‐101‐5p and HSP10 may be a novel therapeutic approach for CSU.
In patients with CSU, the positivity of anti‐HSP10 IgG was increased and associated with urticaria severity. Additionally, HSP10 levels were decreased and correlated with UCT scores after 6‐month treatment in CSU patients. Serum IL‐4 levels were elevated in CSU patients, and treatment with IL‐4 in HUVECs and HaCaT cells resulted in a reduction in HSP10, which was caused by the upregulation of miR‐101‐5p in these cells. Increased IL‐4 production was observed from PBMCs of CSU patients and HUVECs upon PAF stimulation, and HSP10 was found to prevent PAF‐induced mast cell degranulation.Abbreviations: AH, platelet‐activating factor‐acetylhydrolase; CSU, chronic spontaneous urticaria; HaCaT, human keratinocyte cell line; hiPSC‐MC, human induced pluripotent stem cell‐derived mast cells; HSP10, heat shock protein 10; HUVEC, human umbilical vein endothelial cell; miR, microRNA; NC, healthy normal control; PAF, platelet‐activating factor; PAF‐UCT, urticaria control test; PBMC, peripheral blood mononuclear cells; UAS7, urticaria activity score over 7 days.
PDF
