The present study was designed to determine whether the selective δ-opioid receptor antagonist naltrindole hydrochloride can prevent the expression and development of sensitization to the ...locomotor-activating effects of cocaine. Rats were sensitized to the motor stimulant effects of cocaine (20 mg/kg i.p. × 3 days). 48 h after withdrawal of pretreatment, rats were pretreated with naltrindole (0.1–1.0 mg/kg s.c.) or its vehicle and 15 min later challenged with either saline or the sensitizing dose of cocaine. In a second set of experiments, naltrindole (0.1–1.0 mg/kg s.c.) or its vehicle were given in combination with either saline or cocaine (20 mg/kg i.p.) for 3 days. Activity in response to saline and to cocaine (20 mg/kg i.p.) was assessed on days 4 and 5, respectively. Additional experiments determined whether naltrindole prevents the development of sensitization to the locomotor-activating effects of nicotine: naltrindole (0.3, 1.0 mg/kg s.c.) or its vehicle were given in combination with nicotine (0.6 mg/kg s.c.) for 3 days. Naltrindole blocked the development but not expression of sensitization to the locomotor-activating effects of cocaine. In contrast, naltrindole failed to modify nicotine-induced sensitization in nicotine-treated animals. These data suggest that δ-opioid receptors are involved in the development but not expression of behavioral sensitization to cocaine.
The objective of this work is to propose hardware-efficient schemes for multicast scheduling in input-queued switches based on the weight based arbiter (WBA), motivated by the practical ...implementation of a scheduler for a 64-port optical crossbar switch. We demonstrate that alternating fanout- and age-based weight calculations in subsequent time slots lead to higher clock speeds and better FPGA area utilization, with performance characteristics close to the conventional WBA. Our FPGA sizing experiments and clock speed evaluations show improvements of up to 35.25% and 47.06%, respectively, over the WBA. In addition, latency-throughput results for the proposed variations highlight the trade-offs between fairness, throughput, hardware complexity and speed.
In Radio Frequency communication system power amplifiers play a major role. Switch mode power amplifiers are usually used and among them class E power amplifier is one of the most popular one due ...it's high efficiency. One of the drawbacks of this amplifier is that it needs a precise duty cycle of 50% in order to operate. This paper has a novel approach of making this precise operating duty cycle at high frequency. In this paper, a 2GHz signal with rail-to-rail swing was used which is then converted to square wave. Along with designing of sine wave to square wave converting circuit, this paper also includes simulated performance analysis of class E amplifier along with sine wave to square wave converting driver. The resultant design yielded power gain of 11.41dB and producing an output power of 15.78dBm. It also had IIP3 of 3.697 with 57% efficiency. All the simulations were done in Cadence Virtuoso 6.1.5 with Spectre simulator using 280nm gpdk090 technology.
Fast QR decomposition RLS (FQRD-RLS) algorithms are well known for their good numerical properties and low computational complexity. However the FQRD-RLS algorithms do not provide access to the ...filter weights, and so far their use has been limited to problems seeking an estimate of the output error signal. In this paper we present a novel technique to obtain the filter weights of the FQRD-RLS algorithm at any time instant. As a consequence, we extend the range of applications to include problems where explicit knowledge of the filter weights is required. The proposed weight extraction technique is tested in a system identification setup. The results verify our claim that the extracted coefficients of the FQRD-RLS algorithm are identical to those obtained by any RLS algorithm such as the inverse QRD-RLS algorithm
Fast QR decomposition RLS (FQRD-RLS) algorithms are well known for their good numerical properties and low computational complexity. The FQRD-RLS algorithms do not provide access to the filter ...weights, and their uses have so far been limited to problems seeking an estimate of the output error signal. In this paper we present techniques which allow us to reproduce the equivalent output signal corresponding to any input-signal applied to the weight vector of the FQRD-RLS algorithm. As a consequence, we can extend the range of applications of the FQRD-RLS to include problems where the filter weights are periodically updated using training data, and then used for fixed filtering of a useful data sequence, e.g., burst-trained equalizers. The proposed output-filtering techniques are tested in an equalizer setup. The results verify our claims that the proposed techniques achieve the same performance as the inverse QRD-RLS algorithm at a much lower computational cost
This article provides an overview of a monitoring application, its testing and validation process. The application was developed for the detection of sub-synchronous oscillations in power systems, ...utilizing real-time measurements from phasor measurement units (PMUs). It uses two algorithms simultaneously to both detect the frequency at which the oscillatory event occurs and the level of energy in the oscillations. The application has been developed and tested in the framework of SmarTS Lab, an environment capable of hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) simulation. The necessary components of the real-time chain of data acquisition are presented in this paper, as well as testing and validation results, to demonstrate the accuracy of the monitoring tool and the feasibility of fast prototyping for real-time PMU measurements based applications using the SmarTS Lab environment.
The performance of stochastic optimal power control of time varying lognormal fading channels, in which the evolution of the dynamical channel is described by stochastic differential equations ...(SDE's), is determined. Unlike the common random static models, the SDE's essentially capture the spatial-temporal variations of wireless channels. The solution of the stochastic optimal power control is obtained through path-wise optimization, which is solved by linear programming using a predictable power control strategy. The algorithm can be implemented using an iterative numerical scheme. The performance measure is interference or outage probability. Numerical results indicate that the performance of this algorithm is close to the optimal case as long as the channel model does not change significantly.
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