In this paper, a new kind of steel-polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) hybrid fiber concrete with high early strength and better road performance is proposed for use in the anchorage zone of a bridge expansion ...and contraction installation (BECI). Firstly, a comprehensive test design method is adopted to evaluate the mechanical properties of the concrete by adding different percentages of fibers, and the optimal percentages of steel and PVA fiber additives are determined. The results of the compressive and flexural strength test indicated that the concrete with added 1.5 % steel fiber and 0.12 % PVA fiber has a higher early strength. Secondly, to evaluate the performance of the improved concrete, the finite-element method was adopted to model the anchorage zone concrete of the BECI, and the loading location of maximum stress was determined and some factors, such as overload and horizontal force coefficient, were considered. The maximum stresses of the anchorage zone are less than the ultimate stresses of the steel-PVA hybrid fiber concrete. It can be concluded that the improved concrete has better road performance. Finally, a case study of the actual bridge was carried out to verify the practical value of the steel-PVA hybrid fiber concrete. Although there is some reduction in the compressive strength, the new concrete is more suitable than the conventional concrete to meet the requirements for the construction of concrete in the anchorage zone of the BECI, which can reduce the construction period and show great practical application value.
This paper analyzes the processing scheme of the vehicle-goods matching system based on the Software as a Value Scoring Service (SaaS) and the Computer Supported Cooperative Work (CSCW) technology, ...investigates the SAS system for multiple instances of Agent with enhanced learning characteristics. Computer grammar SaaS for vehicle hybrid taboo search ranking is designed and established in conjunction with the current system framework. Finally, an autonomous matching system is built for highly intelligent vehicle ranking & recommendation based on the concept of "checking vehicles and checking goods". This system can efficiently deal with the problem of high empty-load rate in road logistics and transportation and at the same time, reduce the daily operating costs of logistics enterprises. In terms of the overall technical solutions for the road logistics system based on SaaS (Software as a Service) and CSCW (Computer Supported Cooperative Work), we establish the road logistics operating system based on CSCW through the integration of SaaS technology and Web GIS technology, thereby accessing heterogeneous processes and heterogeneous data of different tenants. Practical application demonstrates that the system can reduce the cost of logistics enterprises, improve the operating efficiency of logistics enterprises, and play an important role in improving the comprehensive competitiveness of enterprises.
Development of cancer has been linked to chronic inflammation, particularly via interleukin-23 (IL-23) and IL-17 signaling pathways. However, the cellular source of IL-17 and underlying mechanisms by ...which IL-17-producing cells promote human colorectal cancer (CRC) remain poorly defined. Here, we demonstrate that innate γδT (γδT17) cells are the major cellular source of IL-17 in human CRC. Microbial products elicited by tumorous epithelial barrier disruption correlated with inflammatory dendritic cell (inf-DC) accumulation and γδT17 polarization in human tumors. Activated inf-DCs induced γδT17 cells to secrete IL-8, tumor necrosis factor alpha, and GM-CSF with a concomitant accumulation of immunosuppressive PMN-MDSCs in the tumor. Importantly, γδT17 cell infiltration positively correlated with tumor stages and other clinicopathological features. Our study uncovers an inf-DC-γδT17-PMN-MDSC regulatory axis in human CRC that correlates MDSC-meditated immunosuppression with tumor-elicited inflammation. These findings suggest that γδT17 cells might be key players in human CRC progression and have the potential for treatment or prognosis prediction.
•Innate γδT cells are the major cellular source of IL-17 in human CRC•Microbial invasion activates inf-DCs to facilitate γδT17 polarization via IL-23•γδT17 cells mobilize PMN-MDSCs into the tumor to elicit immunosuppression•Tumorous γδT17 cells are correlated with clinicopathological features of human CRC
Autapses are synaptic contacts of a neuron's axon onto its own dendrite and soma. In the neocortex, self-inhibiting autapses in GABAergic interneurons are abundant in number and play critical roles ...in regulating spike precision and network activity. Here we examine whether the principal glutamatergic pyramidal cells (PCs) also form functional autapses. In patch-clamp recording from both rodent and human PCs, we isolated autaptic responses and found that these occur predominantly in layer-5 PCs projecting to subcortical regions, with very few in those projecting to contralateral prefrontal cortex and layer 2/3 PCs. Moreover, PC autapses persist during development into adulthood. Surprisingly, they produce giant postsynaptic responses (∼5 fold greater than recurrent PC-PC synapses) that are exclusively mediated by AMPA receptors. Upon activation, autapses enhance burst firing, neuronal responsiveness and coincidence detection of synaptic inputs. These findings indicate that PC autapses are functional and represent an important circuit element in the neocortex.
This study focused on the potential coordination between nickel or cobalt and alumina in Ni/Al2O3 and Co/Al2O3 catalysts and the impacts on their catalytic performances in methanation of CO2. The ...results exhibited that Co/Al2O3 catalyst was far more active than Ni/Al2O3 catalyst, due to the varied reaction intermediates formed in methanation. The DRIFTS results of methanation of CO2 exhibited that, over bare alumina, bicarbonate, formate and carbonate were the main intermediate species, which could be formed at even 80 °C. Over unsupported Ni catalyst, the formaldehyde species (H2CO*) and CO* species were dominated. Over the Ni/Al2O3 catalyst, however, the reaction intermediates formed were determined by alumina and accumulated on surface of the catalysts. The coordination effects between nickel and alumina in Ni/Al2O3 were thus not remarkable in terms of enhancing catalytic activity when compared to that in Co/Al2O3 catalyst. Over unsupported Co catalyst and the bare alumina, the reaction intermediates formed were roughly similar. Nevertheless, the combination of Co and alumina in Co/Al2O3 catalyst could effectively facilitate the conversion of bicarbonate, formate and carbonate species. CO2 could be activated over metallic cobalt sites, which could migrate and integrate with the hydroxyl group in alumina to form bicarbonate and further to formate and CO* species, and be further hydrogenated over cobalt sites to CH4. Such a coordination between alumina and cobalt species promoted the catalytic performances.
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•Co/Al2O3 was far more active than Ni/Al2O3, due to varied reaction intermediates formed.•HCO3*, CO3*, and HCOO* are main species over Al2O3, which can be formed at 80 °C.•Over Ni/Al2O3, the reaction intermediates in methanation are dominated by Al2O3.•Combination of Co and Al2O3 in Co/Al2O3 facilitate conversion of HCO3*, CO3*, and HCOO*.•Coordination between Co and Al2O3 promoted activity, while not for that in Ni/Al2O3.
Pentanediols (1,2-pentanediol and 1,5-pentanediol) are important feedstock for synthesis of fine chemicals, production of which from the biomass-derived furfural or furfuryl alcohol (FA) has been ...considered as a sustainable route and attracted much interest. In this study, the catalysts with Ni–Fe as the metal sites and Mg–Al layered double hydroxides (LDH) as precursor of support were synthesized. The results showed that the presence of Fe in catalyst affected both the development of the pores of the catalyst and the catalytic behaviors of nickel species. A low Fe content facilitated formation of mesoporous structure, but the higher content destroyed the LDH structure, resulting in a decreased surface area. Fe could also react with metallic Ni to form NiFe alloy. This decreased the catalytic activity for the further hydrogenation of the furan ring in FA, and FA would thus have the chance to produce pentanediols via hydrogenolysis. The In-situ Diffuse Reflectance Infrared Fourier Transform Spectroscopy characterization of hydrogenation of FA indicated that the alloying between Fe and Ni resulted in a weak adsorption of CC group in furan ring and moderate adsorption of C–O–C group, which suppressed the complete hydrogenation of FA while facilitated the ring-opening of FA to form the pentanediols.
Selective conversion of furfural to furfuryl alcohol and subsequent hydrogenolysis of furfuryl alcohol to diols were achieved over NiFe-based catalysts with both Ni sites and Ni–Fe alloy sites. Display omitted
●Introducing Fe to NiMgAl impacts pore structures and forms Ni–Fe alloy.●Monometallic Ni species catalyzes complete hydrogenation of furan ring.●Ni–Fe alloy suppresses the further hydrogenation of furan ring in furfuryl alcohol.●Ni–Fe alloy lowers the adsorption of CC in furan ring and facilitates ring-opening.●Synergy between Ni sites and Ni–Fe alloy facilitates the production of diols.
Few studies have reported the clinical presentation, surgical treatment, outcomes, and influential factors for patients with epilepsy and Sturge-Weber syndrome. This large-scale retrospective study ...continuously enrolled 132 patients with Sturge-Weber syndrome and epilepsy from January 2008 to December 2018 at our hospital to analyze their characteristics. Among these patients, 90 underwent epilepsy surgery, and their postoperative 2-year follow-up seizure, cognitive, and motor functional outcomes were assessed and analyzed. Univariable and multivariable logistic analyses were conducted to explore the influential factors. Among the Sturge-Weber syndrome patients for whom characteristics were analyzed (n = 132), 76.52% of patients had their first epileptic seizures within their first year of life. The risk factors for cognitive decline were seizure history≥2 years (adjusted odds ratio aOR = 3.829, 95% confidence interval CI: 1.810-9.021, p = 0.008), bilateral leptomeningeal angiomas (aOR = 3.173, 95% CI: 1.970-48.194, p = 0.013), age at onset < 1 year (aOR = 2.903, 95% CI: 1.230-6.514, p = 0.013), brain calcification (aOR = 2.375, 95% CI: 1.396-5.201, p = 0.021) and left leptomeningeal angiomas (aOR = 2.228, 95% CI: 1.351-32.571, p = 0.030). Of the patients who underwent epilepsy surgery (n = 90), 44 were subject to focal resection, and 46 underwent hemisphere surgery (19 anatomical hemispherectomies and 27 modified hemispherotomies). A postoperative seizure-free status, favorable cognitive outcomes, and favorable motor outcomes were achieved in 83.33%, 44.44%, and 43.33% of surgical patients, respectively. The modified hemispherotomy group had similar surgical outcomes, less intraoperative blood loss and shorter postoperative hospital stays than the anatomical hemispherectomy group. Regarding seizure outcomes, full resection (aOR = 11.115, 95% CI: 1.260-98.067, p = 0.020) and age at surgery < 2 years (aOR = 6.040, 95% CI: 1.444-73.367, p = 0.031) were positive influential factors for focal resection. Age at surgery < 2 years (aOR = 15.053, 95% CI: 1.050-215.899, p = 0.036) and infrequent seizures (aOR = 8.426, 95% CI: 1.086-87.442, p = 0.042; monthly vs. weekly) were positive influential factors for hemisphere surgery. In conclusion, epilepsy surgery resulted in a good postoperative seizure-free rate and favorable cognitive and motor functional outcomes and showed acceptable safety for patients with epilepsy and Sturge-Weber syndrome. Modified hemispherotomy is a less invasive and safer type of hemisphere surgery than traditional anatomic hemispherectomy with similar surgical outcomes. Early surgery may be helpful to achieve better seizure outcomes and cognitive protection, while the risk of surgery for young children should also be considered.
Three-dimensional (3D) carbon from the assembly of low-dimensionally isolated segments have attracted much attention as these carbon materials not only inherit the superiorities of individual ...building blocks but also acquire new synergic effects. However, it remains a big issue to assemble isolated carbon segments into a 3D carbon superstructure by a facile strategy. Herein, the spheroidizing growth of hydrothermal carbon as an assembly drive and in situ formed melamine cyanurate nanosheets as structure-directing agent are combined to design and assemble B, N and O co-doped carbon flower as a promising cathode for Zn2+ hybrids supercapacitors. The flower-like carbon exhibits large nanosheets area, interlinked conductive network, nanoscale architecture and rich electroactive sites. Boron doping enhances the chemical adsorption of SO42− onto the carbon cathode surface and the reaction between oxygen dopant and Zn ions added additional capacity for Zn-ion supercapacitors. The resulting device achieves an energy density of 119.7 Wh/kg at 890 W/kg and maintains 63.5 Wh/kg even at a power density of 16.5 kW/kg.
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•A flower-like carbon material was prepared for Zn-ion supercapacitors.•In situ formed melamine cyanurate directed the formation of flakiness carbon.•The flakiness carbon was assembled into flower-like carbon by spheroidizing drive.•The boron enhanced the chemical adsorption of anions onto the cathode surface.•The electrochemical reaction between C-O and Zn2+ improved pseudocapacitance.
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•Pre-carbonization enhances yields of activated carbon (AC) at expense of bio-oil.•Pre-carbonization removes aliphatics, creating much less pores from biochar.•ZnCl2/H3PO4 as ...activators form AC of developed pore via biomass direct activation.•Activation with ZnCl2/H3PO4 forms little light organics in the bio-oil.•Pre-carbonization led to a higher impact to environment than direct activation.
Pre-carbonization is one frequently used pre-treatment for production of activated carbon (AC) from activation of biomass, which impacts not only nature of AC but also composition of bio-oil and gases in activation of biomass. In this study, activation of sawdust/cellulose/lignin directly or via pre-carbonization were conducted, with a particular focus on effects of pre-carbonization on evolution of the various products and environment. The results indicated that the pre-carbonization removed significant portion of aliphatic structures, creating difficulty for developing pores from the resulting biochar. This, however, enhanced overall yields of AC and gases at expense of bio-oil with K2C2O4, CO2 or H2O as activators. The high yield and high specific surface area of AC could not be obtained simultaneously and needs to be balanced in application. In converse, ZnCl2 or H3PO4 as activators generated more AC with developed pore structures via direct activation of biomass, as they catalyzed the dehydration of aliphatic structures in biomass, but not in biochar. The life cycle assessment (LCA) indicated that the pre-carbonization led to a higher impact to environment and energy consumption than the direct activation. ZnCl2 and CO2 showed the smallest influence on the fossil fuel depletion and global warming. Direct activation exhibited lower environmental impact in the production of AC with more developed pore structures, rendering it a more desirable route for production of AC.
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•FeClx was successfully grafted on D008 (acidic resin) via an ion-exchange method.•Modification of D008 with FeClx generated new Lewis acid sites.•Synergistic effect of Brønsted and ...Lewis acid site facilitated furfural production.•96.3% yield of furfural was obtained from xylose conversion over FeClx/1-D008.•FeClx presence suppressed polymerization via enhancing the activation energy.
Salt is widely applied as catalyst but it is difficult to separate the soluble salt from the reaction medium. To solve this issue, in this study, a solid salt catalyst (FeClx-D008) was prepared by using a solid acidic resin (D008) and FeCl3 via a partial ion exchange method as the demonstration of proof of concept. The introduction of FeCl3 onto D008 replaced some Brønsted acid sites with newly generated Lewis acid sites. The synergistic effect of the Brønsted and Lewis acidic sites rendered the catalyst with excellent catalytic selectivity for the production of furfural from C5 sugars (highest yield: 96.3%). The kinetic study showed that the introduction of FeClx onto D008 enhanced the activation energy (AE) from xylose to polymer while lowered the AE from xylose to furfural. The FeClx species could strongly coordinate with the -SO3− group in D008 with the high resistivity to leaching. The successful immobilization of FeClx species on D008 solved the issue for separation of soluble salts from the reaction medium, which is also an attempt for application of resin-based solid salt as the catalyst in acid-catalyzed reactions.
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