The aim of the study was to assess the outcome of pregnancies achieved by OD in vitro fertilization compared with those obtained by autologous IVF.
This retrospective cohort study includes 136 ...consecutive patients who were referred to our centre between 2009 and 2011. According to the mode of conception, they were divided into two groups, whose pregnancy outcomes were analyzed by χ2 Test for unpaired data.
Pregnancy-induced hypertension, cesarean section, complications after delivery resulted more frequent in pregnancies from donor oocyte IVF. The other outcomes considered were non-significantly different between the two groups.
The risk of developing preeclampsia, cesarean section, and postpartum complications is higher in patients who conceived by donor oocyte IVF than in patients who underwent autologous IVF.
Over the past decade regenerative branches of dentistry have taken on more and more importance, resulting in the development of performing scaffold materials. These should induce cell adhesion, ...support, and guide the tissues’ growth. Among the developed materials, we can include resorbable or non-membranes. The purpose of this study was to investigate the proliferation abilities and the attachment of human periodontal ligament fibroblasts (HPLIFs) over two bovine pericardium membranes with different thicknesses, 0.2 mm and 0.4 mm, respectively. These membranes have been decellularized by the manufacturer, preserving the three-dimensional collagen’s structure. The HPLFs were cultured in standard conditions and exposed to the tested materials. XTT was performed to assess cell proliferation, while light microscopy (LM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observations assessed fibroblast morphology at different times (T1, T2, and T3). Proliferation assays have shown a statistically significant difference in growth at T1 (p < 0.05) in the cells cultured with a thicker membrane compared to the thinner one. LM analysis showed healthy fibroblasts in contact with the membranes, appearing larger and with a polygonal shape. SEM observation demonstrated thickening of the fibroblasts which continued to adhere to the membrane’s surface, with enlarged polygonal shape and developed filipodia and lamellipodia. These results showed a similar cell behavior over the two bovine pericardium membranes, demonstrating a cellular migration along and within the layers of the membrane, binding with membrane fibers by means of filopodial extensions. Knowledge of the effects of the collagen membranes derived from bovine pericardium on cellular behavior will help clinicians choose the type of scaffolds according to the required clinical situation.
Expanding Roles of De Novo Lipogenesis in Breast Cancer Simeone, Pasquale; Tacconi, Stefano; Longo, Serena ...
International journal of environmental research and public health,
03/2021, Letnik:
18, Številka:
7
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
In recent years, lipid metabolism has gained greater attention in several diseases including cancer. Dysregulation of fatty acid metabolism is a key component in breast cancer malignant ...transformation. In particular, de novo lipogenesis provides the substrate required by the proliferating tumor cells to maintain their membrane composition and energetic functions during enhanced growth. However, it appears that not all breast cancer subtypes depend on de novo lipogenesis for fatty acid replenishment. Indeed, while breast cancer luminal subtypes rely on de novo lipogenesis, the basal-like receptor-negative subtype overexpresses genes involved in the utilization of exogenous-derived fatty acids, in the synthesis of triacylglycerols and lipid droplets, and fatty acid oxidation. These metabolic differences are specifically associated with genomic and proteomic changes that can perturb lipogenic enzymes and related pathways. This behavior is further supported by the observation that breast cancer patients can be stratified according to their molecular profiles. Moreover, the discovery that extracellular vesicles act as a vehicle of metabolic enzymes and oncometabolites may provide the opportunity to noninvasively define tumor metabolic signature. Here, we focus on de novo lipogenesis and the specific differences exhibited by breast cancer subtypes and examine the functional contribution of lipogenic enzymes and associated transcription factors in the regulation of tumorigenic processes.
There is an unmet clinical need for improved tissue and liquid biopsy tools for cancer detection. We investigated the proteomic profile of extracellular vesicles and particles (EVPs) in 426 human ...samples from tissue explants (TEs), plasma, and other bodily fluids. Among traditional exosome markers, CD9, HSPA8, ALIX, and HSP90AB1 represent pan-EVP markers, while ACTB, MSN, and RAP1B are novel pan-EVP markers. To confirm that EVPs are ideal diagnostic tools, we analyzed proteomes of TE- (n = 151) and plasma-derived (n = 120) EVPs. Comparison of TE EVPs identified proteins (e.g., VCAN, TNC, and THBS2) that distinguish tumors from normal tissues with 90% sensitivity/94% specificity. Machine-learning classification of plasma-derived EVP cargo, including immunoglobulins, revealed 95% sensitivity/90% specificity in detecting cancer. Finally, we defined a panel of tumor-type-specific EVP proteins in TEs and plasma, which can classify tumors of unknown primary origin. Thus, EVP proteins can serve as reliable biomarkers for cancer detection and determining cancer type.
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•Proteomic profiles of extracellular vesicles and particles (EVPs) from 426 human samples•Identification of pan-EVP markers•Characterization of tumor-derived EVP markers in human tissues and plasma•EVP proteins can be useful for cancer detection and determining cancer type
A comprehensive proteomic analysis of extracellular vesicles and particles (EVPs) from 426 human samples identifies pan-EVP markers, biomarkers for EVP isolation, for cancer detection and determining cancer type.
It is increasingly recognized that early detection of bone erosion plays an important role in the overall evaluation of rheumatoid arthritis and in the choice of the correct treatment approach. Since ...an appropriate use of imaging biomarkers in preclinical settings offers the prospect of smaller and optimized sample size, in the present study we define an anatomical imaging biomarker that could be objectively measured from micro-CT imaging data as an indicator of bone erosion in arthritis process. The well-characterized antigen-induced arthritis (AIA) model in rats was used. The animals were divided into 2 groups: arthritic disease control and arthritic having been administrated with the tumor necrosis factor alpha-blocking agent (Humira). Rats were sacrificed in the acute phase of AIA; peripheral blood and synovial tissue were collected for assessment of arthritis. Ex vivo micro-CT tomography of knee joints was performed at the Elettra synchrotron light source (Trieste, Italy). Overall, results from this study suggest that use of high-resolution micro-CT analysis coupled with meniscal ossicles bone parameters quantification provide a powerful combination to enhance data interpretation and assessment of disease-modifying drugs in an animal model of arthritis.
In recent years, a growing interest has arisen regarding the possible relationship between adverse pregnancy outcomes (APOs) and inadequate maternal hemodynamic adaptations to the pregnancy. A ...possible association between “placental syndromes,” such as preeclampsia (PE) and fetal growth restriction (FGR), and subsequent maternal cardiovascular diseases (CVD) later in life has been reported. The two subtypes of FGR show different pathogenetic and clinical features. Defective placentation, due to a poor trophoblastic invasion of the maternal spiral arteries, is believed to play a central role in the pathogenesis of early-onset PE and FGR. Since placental functioning is dependent on the maternal cardiovascular system, a pre-existent or subsequent cardiovascular impairment may play a key role in the pathogenesis of early-onset FGR. Late FGR does not seem to be determined by a primary abnormal placentation in the first trimester. The pathological pathway of late-onset FGR may be due to a primary maternal cardiovascular maladaptation: CV system shows a flat profile and remains similar to those of non-pregnant women. Since the second trimester, when the placenta is already developed and increases its functional request, a hypovolemic state could lead to placental hypoperfusion and to an altered maturation of the placental villous tree and therefore to an altered fetal growth. Thus, this review focalizes on the possible relationship between maternal cardiac function and placentation in the development of both early and late-onset FGR. A better understanding of maternal hemodynamics in pregnancies complicated by FGR could bring various benefits in clinical practice, improving screening and therapeutic tools.
Pancreatic cancer (PC) has a poor prognosis and displays resistance to immunotherapy. A better understanding of tumor-derived extracellular vesicle (EV) effects on immune responses might contribute ...to improved immunotherapy. EVs derived from Capan-2 and BxPC-3 PC cells isolated by ultracentrifugation were characterized by atomic force microscopy, Western blot (WB), nanoparticle tracking analysis, and label-free proteomics. Fresh PBMCs from healthy donors were treated with PC- or control-derived heterologous EVs, followed by flow cytometry analysis of CD8+ and CD4+ lymphocytes. The proteomics of lymphocytes sorted from EV-treated or untreated PBMCs was performed, and the IFN-γ concentration was measured by ELISA. Notably, most of the proteins identified in Capan-2 and BxPC-3 EVs by the proteomic analysis were connected in a single functional network (
= 1 × 10
) and were involved in the "Immune System" (FDR: 1.10 × 10
and 3.69 × 10
, respectively). Interestingly, the treatment of healthy donor-derived PBMCs with Capan-2 EVs but not with BxPC-3 EVs or heterologous control EVs induced early activation of CD8+ and CD4+ lymphocytes. The proteomics of lymphocytes sorted from EV-treated PBMCs was consistent with their activation by Capan-2 EVs, indicating IFN-γ among the major upstream regulators, as confirmed by ELISA. The proteomic and functional analyses indicate that PC-EVs have pleiotropic effects, and some may activate early immune responses, which might be relevant for the development of highly needed immunotherapeutic strategies in this immune-cold tumor.
Non-metastatic glycoprotein melanoma protein B (GPNMB), also known as osteoactivin (OA) is expressed in a wide array of tumors and represents an emerging target for drug development.
In this study, ...we investigated the role of GPNMB/OA in the progression of human metastatic DU145 and PC3 prostate cancer cells.
GPNMB/OA contribution in PCa malignant phenotype has been analyzed by small interfering RNA-induced GPNMB/OA silencing. We found that following GPNMB/OA silencing the migration capability of both DU145 and PC3 cells, evaluated by using in vitro invasivity assay, as well as the metalloproteinases MMP-2 and MMP-9 activity were equally strongly inhibited. By contrast knocking down GPNMB/OA weakly attenuated cell proliferation rate of DU145, an effect that paralleled with an increase number of apoptotic cells. However, PC3 cell growth seems to be not affected by GPNMB/OA. Together, these data reveal that GPNMB/OA acts as a critical molecular mediator promoting the acquisition of the more aggressive, pro-metastatic phenotype distinctive of human DU145 and PC3 cell lines.
•GPNMB/OA expression correlates with DU145 and PC3 cells malignant phenotype.•GPNMB/OA silencing affects the migration capability of both DU145 and PC3 cells.•GPNMB/OA increases invasiveness by up-regulating MMPs activity.•GPNMB/OA promotes DU145 and PC3 cells progression into a more aggressive phenotype.
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