The genus
Rutilus
is a widely distributed lineage of cyprinids and ranges from West Europe to East Siberia. Although matrilineal phylogeny and phylogeography of western species were already studied, ...roaches from remaining part of the range were not examined. Phylogenetic analysis based on cytochrome
b
sequences detected the following three major phylogenetic clades: (i)
R. frisii
, (ii)
R. rutilus
s. str., and (iii) group of six Ponto–Caspian taxa:
R. caspicus
,
R. heckelii
,
R. rutilus aralensis
,
R. rutilus lacustris
,
R. schelkovnikovi
, and
R. stoumboudae
. Our results suggest that these “species” within Ponto–Caspian clade could be a single species (
R. lacustris
by priority of description). The Ponto–Caspian clade is most widely distributed among others and covers the freshwaters from the Aegean Sea basin to Laptev Sea tributaries. Both
R. rutilus
s. str. and Ponto–Caspian clades sympatrically occur in Black Sea and Caspian Sea basins, Azov Sea itself, and even in drainage of White Sea. The vastest zone of contact (approximately 1700 km) was detected in the Volga basin. The spatial pattern of haplotype diversity and the shape of haplotype network argued for multiple refugia in Ponto–Caspian region as well as a rapid post-glacial colonization of Volga River and Siberia.
The effect of heat treatment on the structure and mechanical properties of a metastable austenitic steel subjected initially to cold radial forging is studied. The evolution of the phase composition, ...of the structure and of the texture is investigated. The strength, the ductility and the impact toughness are determined as a function of the annealing temperature. It is shown that the cold radial forging yields a gradient distribution of strain martensite over cross section. Subsequent annealing at 500°C causes precipitation hardening of the strain martensite due to precipitation of nanocarbides. In addition to the considerable hardening (σ
r
> 1500 MPa) this is accompanied by formation of a high-toughness state (
KCT
> 1.4 MJ/m
2
). Medium-temperature (650°C) annealing produces a structure represented by clusters of fine grains of austenite and martensite with orientations
A
∥ PA and
M
∥ PA parallel to the bar axis (PA) and coarse austenite grains with orientation
A
∥ PA. This provides a combination of high strength (σ
r
> 1100 MPa), ductility (δ > 20%) and impact toughness (
KCT
~ 1.3 MJ/m
2
).
The authors investigate thermal processes in an electromagnetic percussion assembly of a downhole pulse vibration exciter at the rated energy mode in the naturally cooled air environment and at ...different methods of heat energy transmission from the coil to the body. The interrelation is found between the coil and body temperature, external cooling, duty cycle and the coil–body expansion gap when it is filled with air or oil. Based on the obtained results, the duty cycle of the vibration exciter in a well is calculated when the body of the electromagnetic percussion assembly is cooled with flow water.
A method for calculating the daily streamflow was developed. The methodology uses the HBV-96 conceptual hydrological model. An output adjustment method was applied to the model calculations, which ...made it possible to significantly improve overall accuracy. The software package was created to develop, implement, and verify the methodology. The technique was implemented for 590 river catchments located throughout Russia in various natural conditions. An archive of all necessary hydrometeorological data for the period from 2010 to 2019 was formed. The results of verification based on an independent sample indicated a fairly high accuracy of calculations for the vast majority of river catchments. The results provide a basis for the development of an automated system for generating and issuing short-term streamflow forecasts for Russian rivers based on the proposed methodology.
The objectives of the survey were to protect and increase the European bison (wisent) population size and to study its economically important traits under the environmental conditions of their ...habitats and ranges shifted with advancing northward as far as the northern European part of Russia. The subject of the survey was the purebred European bison in the Vologda oblast. High-level resistance to helminthes, flexibility and adaptability under new habitat conditions, and gaining the required phenotypic traits in the European bison were ascertained. The liveweight, the height at withers, the width of a hoof horn of a fore limb, and the hind-limb hoof horn width in the free-ranging wild oxen comprised 900 kg, 180 cm, 100 mm, and 80 mm, respectively. Thickness of hide in the forehead comprised 13 mm. Hide thicknesses of the neck and nape made up 9 mm each. The metatarsal, tarsal, carpal, and metacarpal areas comprised 7 mm thickness each. The hide at abdomen and sides of the animal was 6 mm in thickness. Therefore, the European bison hide parts are thicker than that in large cattle by 2–4 mm. In addition, rich ruminal microflora is typical for the European bison, since the bison, compared to farm animals, consume a wider variety of feeds. In Vologda oblast, the bison consume more than 100 plant species. Woody-stem fodder is used throughout the year. In the summer and winter seasons, it comprises up to 5 and 70% of their ration, respectively. Natural dietary dry-matter digestibility comprises 53–67.5%. The plant-fiber digestion level reaches 69%. The European bison meat-protein content is twofold greater than the value for the same item for medium fat beef. European bison meat contains 183.8–195.3 g amino acids per kg, including 193.9–117.3 g essential amino acids, since there are collagen and elastin of a lower amount in the muscle tissue. The gene pool of the European bison as a representative of ungulates has the potential future effects on improving the existing cattle breeds. The species introduction should assume assigning the European bison to both the herbivorous ungulate community in a certain locality and the whole biocenosis. The areas of a free-ranging European bison habitat in Vologda oblast rich in the natural fodder resources have been considered reasonable and prospective for increasing the population size of the protected species. The climate and the geographical position of the region and the feed resources available in the area can provide the European bison with conditions appropriate for existence of species and manifestation of the effective biological traits typical to the species.
Introduction.
Percutaneous nephrolitholapaxy (PNL) is the optimal method in the treatment of large or complex renal stones. Surgical equipment and endoscopic equipment, and specialised tools have ...been constantly developing since the advent of PNL in 1976, increasing success rates with a decrease in the number of complications and morbidity. Owing to the specificity and complexity of the technique, only 11% of urologists in the USA perform PNL, while in Russian Federation no more than 5% of specialists realise it.
Objective.
To evaluate the possibilities of using a robot-angiograph to create a puncture access.
Materials & methods
. In the Krasnoyarsk Regional Clinical Hospital in 2021, the first PNL was performed in a patient with a left-sided lower calyx stone using the SIEMENS Healthineers’ ARTIS pheno robotic angiograph in a hybrid operating room. This robotic installation allows the performing of an intraoperative computed tomography examination followed by the construction of a navigation map with a clearly displayed trajectory, length, and angle of inclination of the needle path with automatic positioning of the C-arm.
Results.
We performed 30 pyelocaliceal punctures using a robotic angiographic installation for PNL. The average age of patients was 56.6 ± 19.0 years. According to MSCT, the lower calyx stone was detected in seven patients, the middle calyx — 13 cases, the upper calyx — seven patients, pelvic stones were recorded in three patients. The density of stones varied from 877 HU to 1356 HU. The use of the ARTIS pheno robotic system allows performing intraoperative 3D modelling to determine the safest pyelocaliceal puncture, followed by PNL, regardless of the stone localisation, the complexity of the anatomy. In addition, a CT-like scans allows you to assess the presence of residual stones during the operation and perform a "second look" not in a delayed manner. This system, unlike all existing types of navigation, allows intraoperative evaluation of the effectiveness (stone-free rate) of surgical treatment.
Conclusion.
The introduction of this navigation system in PNL will minimise the risks of complications from puncture access, reduce the number of repeated interventions, and minimise undesirable consequences in the postoperative period.
One of the necessary requirements in Russia for obtaining subsidies that will compensate investments in a solar power plant (SPP) is to achieve the normative value of the capacity factor (CF). ...Although the stimulation of solar generation in the Republic of Uzbekistan is unconditional, the task of increasing the CF is also urgent for Uzbekistan. The purpose of the study was to assess the impact on a solar plants CF by the use of two methods for increasing the solar influx on the surface of a SPP solar battery; the use of Sun tracking systems (trackers) and bifacial photovoltaic panels. Calculation of the CF was carried out for several types of photovoltaic panels in the climatic conditions of the Republic of Uzbekistan and the south of Russia by dynamic simulation using the TRNSYS code. Actinometric and climatic data were taken from the NASA POWER satellite observation database; the spatial resolution was 1° × 1° in latitude and longitude. Photovoltaic panels were described by the five-parameter model, whose parameters were determined using the manufacturers’ datasheets. It is shown that the use of vertical axis and tilt axis trackers can increase the CF in comparison with fixed panels by 6.5–6.6%, which is close to the effect of biaxial trackers (up to 7.0% of CF growth). It was found that the use of bifacial panels was most effective together with tilt axis trackers (the increase of CF is up to 4.1%). This effect is less for fixed panels and other types of trackers (up to 3.6%). According to the simulations, the magnitude of surface albedo (without the use of special reflectors) has almost no effect on the usage of bifacial panels.
This review considers the problems associated with the development and operation of highly active and stable structured catalysts for biogas/biofuel conversion into syngas and hydrogen based on ...nanocrystalline oxides with fluorite, perovskite, and spinel structures and their nanocomposites promoted by nanoparticles of platinum group metals and alloys based on nickel. The design of these catalysts is based on finding the relationships between the methods of their synthesis, composition, real structure/microstructure, surface properties, and oxygen mobility and reactivity largely determined by the metal–support interaction. This requires the use of modern structural, spectroscopic, kinetic methods, and mathematical modeling. Thin layers of optimized catalysts deposited on structured heat-conducting supports demonstrated high activity and resistance to carbonization in the processes of biogas and biofuels conversion into syngas, and catalysts deposited on asymmetric ceramic membranes with mixed ionic–electronic conductivity allowed oxygen or hydrogen to be separated from complex mixtures with 100% selectivity.
