We compare the response of the Quasi‐Biennial Oscillation (QBO) to a warming climate in eleven atmosphere general circulation models that performed time‐slice simulations for present‐day, doubled, ...and quadrupled CO2 climates. No consistency was found among the models for the QBO period response, with the period decreasing by 8 months in some models and lengthening by up to 13 months in others in the doubled CO2 simulations. In the quadrupled CO2 simulations, a reduction in QBO period of 14 months was found in some models, whereas in several others the tropical oscillation no longer resembled the present‐day QBO, although it could still be identified in the deseasonalized zonal mean zonal wind timeseries. In contrast, all the models projected a decrease in the QBO amplitude in a warmer climate with the largest relative decrease near 60 hPa. In simulations with doubled and quadrupled CO2, the multi‐model mean QBO amplitudes decreased by 36 and 51%, respectively. Across the models the differences in the QBO period response were most strongly related to how the gravity wave momentum flux entering the stratosphere and tropical vertical residual velocity responded to the increases in CO2 amounts. Likewise it was found that the robust decrease in QBO amplitudes was correlated across the models to changes in vertical residual velocity, parametrized gravity wave momentum fluxes, and to some degree the resolved upward wave flux. We argue that uncertainty in the representation of the parameterized gravity waves is the most likely cause of the spread among the eleven models in the QBO's response to climate change.
The response of the Quasi‐Biennial Oscillation (QBO) to a warming climate was examined in eleven general circulation models. No consistency was found among the models for the QBO period response. In contrast, all the models projected a decrease in the QBO amplitude in a warmer climate.
Case summary A 10-year-old spayed female Russian Blue cat was presented with a 3-month history of excessive otic discharge and scratching, only involving the right ear. Other than a moderate amount ...of ceruminous exudate present within the right ear on video-otoscopic examination, there were no other cutaneous abnormalities. The cat was deemed to be otherwise in good health based on physical examination and several laboratory profiles. A diagnosis of otodemodicosis was determined due to the presence of a large number of Demodex cati mites retrieved from cerumen. Treatment consisted only of monthly topical application of sarolaner/selamectin to the nape of the neck with a marked reduction in mite counts and otic pruritus after a single dose. Complete resolution was achieved after a total of four doses. Relevance and novel information This is the first report to describe the resolution of mite infestation owing to D cati after treatment with a sarolaner-containing spot-on product. In addition, to the best of the author’s knowledge, this is the first report of any isoxazoline product used in the successful treatment of demodicosis affecting the ear canal. In general, there is a lack of reports describing safe and effective treatments for feline otodemodicosis. Topically applied sarolaner/selamectin resulted in resolution of mites while avoiding any potential ototoxic events from medications applied directly into the ear, and provided a treatment that was easier to apply than oral or injectable macrocyclic lactones.
Summary Background Every year, 1·1 million babies die from prematurity, and many survivors are disabled. Worldwide, 15 million babies are born preterm (<37 weeks' gestation), with two decades of ...increasing rates in almost all countries with reliable data. The understanding of drivers and potential benefit of preventive interventions for preterm births is poor. We examined trends and estimate the potential reduction in preterm births for countries with very high human development index (VHHDI) if present evidence-based interventions were widely implemented. This analysis is to inform a rate reduction target for Born Too Soon. Methods Countries were assessed for inclusion based on availability and quality of preterm prevalence data (2000–10), and trend analyses with projections undertaken. We analysed drivers of rate increases in the USA, 1989–2004. For 39 countries with VHHDI with more than 10 000 births, we did country-by-country analyses based on target population, incremental coverage increase, and intervention efficacy. We estimated cost savings on the basis of reported costs for preterm care in the USA adjusted using World Bank purchasing power parity. Findings From 2010, even if all countries with VHHDI achieved annual preterm birth rate reductions of the best performers for 1990–2010 (Estonia and Croatia), 2000–10 (Sweden and Netherlands), or 2005–10 (Lithuania, Estonia), rates would experience a relative reduction of less than 5% by 2015 on average across the 39 countries. Our analysis of preterm birth rise 1989–2004 in USA suggests half the change is unexplained, but important drivers include non-medically indicated labour induction and caesarean delivery and assisted reproductive technologies. For all 39 countries with VHHDI, five interventions modelling at high coverage predicted a 5% relative reduction of preterm birth rate from 9·59% to 9·07% of livebirths: smoking cessation (0·01 rate reduction), decreasing multiple embryo transfers during assisted reproductive technologies (0·06), cervical cerclage (0·15), progesterone supplementation (0·01), and reduction of non-medically indicated labour induction or caesarean delivery (0·29). These findings translate to roughly 58 000 preterm births averted and total annual economic cost savings of about US$3 billion. Interpretation We recommend a conservative target of a relative reduction in preterm birth rates of 5% by 2015. Our findings highlight the urgent need for research into underlying mechanisms of preterm births, and development of innovative interventions. Furthermore, the highest preterm birth rates occur in low-income settings where the causes of prematurity might differ and have simpler solutions such as birth spacing and treatment of infections in pregnancy than in high-income countries. Urgent focus on these settings is also crucial to reduce preterm births worldwide. Funding March of Dimes, USA, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, and National Institutes of Health, USA.
Inflammation and oxidative stress play a key role in the development of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), possibly contributing to persistent respiratory morbidity after preterm birth. We aimed to ...assess if inflammatory markers were elevated in exhaled breath condensate (EBC) of infants born very prematurely (< 32 weeks gestation) at 12-16 corrected months of age, and if increased levels were associated with BPD diagnosis and respiratory morbidity.
EBC samples and respiratory questionnaires were collected from 15 term-born infants and 33 preterm-born infants, 12 with a neonatal BPD diagnosis. EBC samples were analysed for leukotriene B4 (inflammation) and 8-isoprostane (oxidative stress) concentrations using enzyme-linked immune-assays. Differences between groups were analysed by Kruskal-Wallis Test with post-hoc comparisons, independent samples t-test or Mann-Whitney U test depending on normality of the data.
Leukotriene B4 and 8-isoprostane levels were elevated in exhaled breath condensate of preterm-born infants compared to those born at term (mean difference 95% CI; 1.52 0.45, 2.59, p = 0.02; 0.77 0.52, 1.02, p < 0.001, respectively). Leukotriene B4 and 8-isoprostane levels were independent of BPD diagnosis and respiratory morbidity over the first year of life.
Infants born very prematurely exhibit elevated markers of airway neutrophilic inflammation and oxidative stress beyond the first year of life, regardless of a neonatal diagnosis of chronic lung disease or respiratory morbidity during infancy. These findings may have implications for future lung health.
N/A.
The Quasi‐biennial Oscillation (QBO) dominates the interannual variability of the tropical stratosphere and influences other regions of the atmosphere. The high predictability of the QBO implies that ...its teleconnections could lead to increased skill of seasonal and decadal forecasts provided the relevant mechanisms are accurately represented in models. Here modelling and sampling uncertainties of QBO teleconnections are examined using a multi‐model ensemble of QBO‐resolving atmospheric general circulation models that have carried out a set of coordinated experiments as part of the Stratosphere‐troposphere Processes And their Role in Climate (SPARC) QBO initiative (QBOi). During Northern Hemisphere winter, the stratospheric polar vortex in most of these models strengthens when the QBO near 50 hPa is westerly and weakens when it is easterly, consistent with, but weaker than, the observed response. These weak responses are likely due to model errors, such as systematically weak QBO amplitudes near 50 hPa, affecting the teleconnection. The teleconnection to the North Atlantic Oscillation is less well captured overall, but of similar strength to the observed signal in the few models that do show it. The models do not show clear evidence of a QBO teleconnection to the Northern Hemisphere Pacific‐sector subtropical jet.
The Quasi‐Biennial Oscillation (QBO) of tropical stratospheric winds is observed to affect other regions of the atmosphere including the Northern Hemisphere stratospheric polar vortex, the North Atlantic Oscillation, and the Pacific‐sector subtropical jet. The figure shows the anomalous polar vortex winds (monthly‐mean zonal‐mean zonal wind at 10 hPa, 60°N) as a function of QBO phase (horizontal axis) and time in the seasonal cycle (vertical axis). The observed response, characterized in (a) using the JRA‐55 reanalysis, is stronger than in the models, shown in (b,c) as the multi‐model ensemble‐mean response.
Most published genome sequences are drafts, and most are dominated by computational gene prediction. Draft genomes typically incorporate considerable sequence data that are not assigned to ...chromosomes, and predicted genes without quality confidence measures. The current Actinidia chinensis (kiwifruit) 'Hongyang' draft genome has 164 Mb of sequences unassigned to pseudo-chromosomes, and omissions have been identified in the gene models.
A second genome of an A. chinensis (genotype Red5) was fully sequenced. This new sequence resulted in a 554.0 Mb assembly with all but 6 Mb assigned to pseudo-chromosomes. Pseudo-chromosomal comparisons showed a considerable number of translocation events have occurred following a whole genome duplication (WGD) event some consistent with centromeric Robertsonian-like translocations. RNA sequencing data from 12 tissues and ab initio analysis informed a genome-wide manual annotation, using the WebApollo tool. In total, 33,044 gene loci represented by 33,123 isoforms were identified, named and tagged for quality of evidential support. Of these 3114 (9.4%) were identical to a protein within 'Hongyang' The Kiwifruit Information Resource (KIR v2). Some proportion of the differences will be varietal polymorphisms. However, as most computationally predicted Red5 models required manual re-annotation this proportion is expected to be small. The quality of the new gene models was tested by fully sequencing 550 cloned 'Hort16A' cDNAs and comparing with the predicted protein models for Red5 and both the original 'Hongyang' assembly and the revised annotation from KIR v2. Only 48.9% and 63.5% of the cDNAs had a match with 90% identity or better to the original and revised 'Hongyang' annotation, respectively, compared with 90.9% to the Red5 models.
Our study highlights the need to take a cautious approach to draft genomes and computationally predicted genes. Our use of the manual annotation tool WebApollo facilitated manual checking and correction of gene models enabling improvement of computational prediction. This utility was especially relevant for certain types of gene families such as the EXPANSIN like genes. Finally, this high quality gene set will supply the kiwifruit and general plant community with a new tool for genomics and other comparative analysis.
Survivors of preterm birth are at risk of chronic and lifelong pulmonary disease. Follow-up data describing lung structure and function are scarce in children born preterm during the surfactant era.
...To obtain comprehensive data on lung structure and function in mid-childhood from survivors of preterm birth. We aimed to explore relationships between lung structure, lung function and respiratory morbidity as well as early life contributors to poorer childhood respiratory outcomes.
Lung function was tested at 9-11 years in children born at term (controls) and at ≤32 weeks gestation. Tests included spirometry, oscillatory mechanics, multiple breath nitrogen washout and diffusing capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide. Preterm children had CT of the chest and completed a respiratory symptoms questionnaire.
58 controls and 163 preterm children (99 with bronchopulmonary dysplasia) participated. Preterm children exhibited pulmonary obstruction and hyperinflation as well as abnormal peripheral lung mechanics compared with term controls. FEV
was improved by 0.10 z-scores for every additional week of gestation (95% CI 0.028 to 0.182; p=0.008) and by 0.34 z-scores per z-score increase in birth weight (0.124 to 0.548; p=0.002). Structural lung changes were present in 92% of preterm children, with total CT score decreased by 0.64 (-0.99 to -0.29; p<0.001) for each additional week of gestation. Obstruction was associated with increased subpleural opacities, bronchial wall thickening and hypoattenuated lung areas on inspiratory chest CT scans (p<0.05).
Abnormal lung structure in mid-childhood resulting from preterm birth in the contemporary era has important functional consequences.
The upcoming 11th revision of the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (ICD) of the World Health Organization (WHO) offers a unique opportunity to improve ...the representation of painful disorders. For this purpose, the International Association for the Study of Pain (IASP) has convened an interdisciplinary task force of pain specialists. Here, we present the case for a reclassification of nervous system lesions or diseases associated with persistent or recurrent pain for ≥3 months. The new classification lists the most common conditions of peripheral neuropathic pain: trigeminal neuralgia, peripheral nerve injury, painful polyneuropathy, postherpetic neuralgia, and painful radiculopathy. Conditions of central neuropathic pain include pain caused by spinal cord or brain injury, poststroke pain, and pain associated with multiple sclerosis. Diseases not explicitly mentioned in the classification are captured in residual categories of ICD-11. Conditions of chronic neuropathic pain are either insufficiently defined or missing in the current version of the ICD, despite their prevalence and clinical importance. We provide the short definitions of diagnostic entities for which we submitted more detailed content models to the WHO. Definitions and content models were established in collaboration with the Classification Committee of the IASP's Neuropathic Pain Special Interest Group (NeuPSIG). Up to 10% of the general population experience neuropathic pain. The majority of these patients do not receive satisfactory relief with existing treatments. A precise classification of chronic neuropathic pain in ICD-11 is necessary to document this public health need and the therapeutic challenges related to chronic neuropathic pain.
Background
Lokivetmab neutralizes IL‐31, a cytokine that plays an important role in the pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis (AD) in dogs.
Objective
To review experience of one year of treatment with ...lokivetmab for the control of pruritus in dogs with allergic dermatitis.
Animals
Eighty dogs diagnosed with AD, ten with concurrent adverse food reaction and AD and 45 with allergic dermatitis of undetermined cause. Three dogs were lost to follow‐ up.
Methods and materials
Retrospective analysis of medical records of dogs with allergic dermatitis treated with lokivetmab from November 2015 to October 2016. Treatment success for owner‐assessed pruritus was empirically defined as ≥2 cm reduction in Visual Analog Scale (pVAS) from baseline. A ≥50% reduction in pVAS also was recorded.
Results
Pruritus improvement was achieved in 116 of 132 dogs (87.8%) following initial lokivetmab administration at 1.8 to 3.7 mg/kg (P < 0.001). A pVAS reduction of ≥50% was recorded in 104 dogs (77.0%). Dogs with severe/very severe pruritus prior to treatment and large/giant sized dogs, had 2.7 and 2.8 times higher odds of treatment success, respectively. There were no significant associations between treatment success and age of onset of clinical signs, disease chronicity, lokivetmab dosage or age at initial lokivetmab administration. Dogs that did not previously respond to oclacitinib were less likely to respond to lokivetmab. Adverse effects including lethargy, vomiting, hyperexcitability, pain at injection site and urinary incontinence were reported in 11 of 132 dogs.
Conclusions and clinical importance
Lokivetmab at labelled dosages was a fast, safe and efficacious therapy for the control of pruritus in dogs with allergic dermatitis.
Résumé
Contexte
Le Lokivetmab neutralise l’IL‐31, une cytokine qui joue un rôle important dans la pathogénie de la dermatite atopique (AD) chez le chien.
Objectif
Décrire le retour d'expérience d'un an de traitement au lokivetmab pour le contrôle du prurit chez le chien avec dermatite allergique.
Sujets
Quatre vingt chiens avec AD, dix avec AD et réaction alimentaire concourantes et 45 chiens avec dermatite allergique de cause indéterminée. Trois chiens ont été perdus de vue.
Matériel et méthode
Une analyse rétrospective des données médicales des chiens avec dermatite allergique traitée au lokivetmab de Novembre 2015 à octobre 2016. Le succès du traitement pour le prurit évalué par les propriétaires était empiriquement défini comme une diminution ≥2cm de la pVAS. Une diminution ≥50% a également été enregistrée.
Résultats
L'amélioration du prurit était observée pour 116 chiens sur 132 (87.8%) à la suite de la première administration de lokivetmab de 1.8 à 3.7 mg/kg (P < 0.001). Une réduction de pVAS de ≥50% a été enregistrée pour 104 chiens (77.0%). Les chiens avec un prurit sévère à très sévère avant le traitement et les chiens de grande race ou race géante, avaient respectivement 2,7 à 2.8 fois de résultats positifs. Il n'y avait aucune association significative entre le succès des traitement et l’âge d'apparition des signes cliniques, la chronicité de l'atteinte, le dosage de lokivetmab ou l’âge à la première administration de lokivetmab. Les chiens qui n'avaient pas répondu précédemment à l'oclacitinib étaient moins favorables à répondre au lokivetmab. Les effets secondaires incluaient la léthargie, les vomissements, l'hyperexcitabilité, la douleur au site d'injection et l'incontinence urinaire ont été décrits dans 11 chiens sur 132.
Conclusions et importance clinique
Le lokivetmab aux doses utilisées était rapide, sur et efficace pour le contrôle du prurit chez les chiens atteints de dermatite allergique.
Resumen
Introducción
Lokivetmab neutraliza IL‐31, una citoquina que juega un papel importante en la patogénesis de la dermatitis atópica (AD) en perros.
Objetivo
revisar la experiencia de un año de tratamiento con lokivetmab para el control del prurito en perros con dermatitis alérgica.
Animales
Ochenta perros diagnosticados con AD, diez con reacción alimentaria adversa concurrente y AD y 45 con dermatitis alérgica de causa indeterminada. Tres perros se perdieron durante el seguimiento.
Métodos y materiales
análisis retrospectivo de historiales clínicos de perros con dermatitis alérgica tratados con lokivetmab desde noviembre de 2015 hasta octubre de 2016. El éxito del tratamiento frente al prurito evaluado por el propietario se definió empíricamente como una reducción ≥2 cm en la escala análoga visual (pVAS) desde el inicio. También se registró si hubo una reducción ≥50% en pVAS.
Resultados
se logró una mejoría del prurito en 116 de 132 perros (87,8%) luego de la administración inicial de lokivetmab de 1,8 a 3,7 mg/kg (P <0,001). Se registró una reducción de pVAS de ≥50% en 104 perros (77,0%). Los perros con prurito severo/muy severo antes del tratamiento y perros de tamaño grande/gigante, tuvieron probabilidades de 2,7 y 2,8 veces mayores de éxito con el tratamiento, respectivamente. No hubo asociaciones significativas entre el éxito del tratamiento y la edad de inicio de los signos clínicos, la cronicidad de la enfermedad, la dosis de lokivetmab o la edad en la administración inicial de lokivetmab. Los perros que no respondieron previamente a oclacitinib tenían menos probabilidades de responder a lokivetmab. Se observaron algunos efectos adversos que incluyeron letargia, vómitos, hiperexcitabilidad, dolor en el lugar de la inyección e incontinencia urinaria en 11 de 132 perros.
Conclusiones e importancia clínica
Lokivetmab en dosis recomendadas fue una terapia rápida, segura y eficaz para el control del prurito en perros con dermatitis alérgica.
Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Lokivetmab neutralisiert IL‐31, ein Zytokin, welches bei der Pathogenese der atopischen Dermatitis (AD) der Hunde eine wichtige Rolle spielt.
Ziel
Eine Review über die Erfahrungen, die in einem Jahr mit der Behandlung zur Juckreizkontrolle durch Lokivetmab bei Hunden mit allergischer Dermatitis gemacht wurden.
Tiere
Achtzig Hunde, die mit AD diagnostiziert worden waren, zehn mit einer gleichzeitigen Futtermittelallergie und AD und 45 mit allergischer Dermatitis unbestimmten Ursprungs. Bei drei Hunden gab es keinen Follow‐Up.
Methoden und Material
Es handelt sich hierbei um eine retrospektive Analyse der Krankenakten der Hunde mit allergischer Dermatitis, die mit Lokivetmab von November 2015 bis Oktober 2016 behandelt worden waren. Der Behandlungserfolg beim durch den Besitzer beurteilten Juckreiz wurde empirisch mit ≥ 2 cm Reduzierung vom Basiswert der Visual Analog Scale (pVAS) definiert.
Ergebnisse
Bei 116 der 132 Hunde (87,8%) wurde eine Verbesserung des Pruritus erzielt (P < 0,001), wobei Lokivetmab zunächst in einer Dosis von 1,8 bis 3,7 mg/kg gegeben wurde. Eine pVAS Reduzierung von ≥ 50% wurde bei 104 Hunden (77,0%) festgehalten. Hunde mit moderatem bis hochgradigem Juckreiz vor der Behandlung bzw große Rassen/Riesenrassen zeigten einen 2,7 bzw 2,8‐fach höheren Behandlungserfolg. Es bestanden keine signifikanten Zusammenhänge zwischen Behandlungserfolg und Alter des ersten Auftretens von klinischen Zeichen, Chronizität der Erkrankung, Lokivetmabdosis oder Alter der ersten Lokivetmab Verabreichung. Hunde, die früher mit Oclacitinib nicht besser wurden, hatten eine geringere Wahrscheinlichkeit auf Lokivetmab eine Verbesserung zu zeigen. Von Nebenwirkungen wie Lethargie, Erbrechen, Übererregbarkeit, Schmerzen an der Injektionsstelle und Harninkontinenz wurde bei 11 der 132 Hunde berichtet.
Schlussfolgerungen und klinische Bedeutung
Lokivetmab in der empfohlenen Dosis war eine schnelle, sichere und wirksame Therapie zur Juckreizkontrolle bei Hunden mit allergischer Dermatitis.
抽象
背景
Lokivetmabは、犬のアトピー性皮膚炎(AD)の病因に重要な役割を果たすサイトカインであるIL‐31を中和する。
目的
本研究の目的は、アレルギー性皮膚炎を有する犬の掻痒管理に対し、1年間のlokivetmab治療経過を調査することである。
被験動物
ADと診断した犬80頭、同時に食物有害反応とADを有する10頭、および原因不明のアレルギー性皮膚炎を有する45頭。 3頭の犬が追跡調査で見失った。
方法および材料
2015年11月から2016年10月の期間に、lokivetmabで治療されたアレルギー性皮膚炎の犬の医療記録の遡及的分析を行った。所有者が評価した掻痒の治療成功は、視覚的アナログスケール(pVAS)のベースラインから2cm以上の減少として経験的に定義した。 pVASの50%以上の減少も記録された。
結果
掻痒の改善は、1.8〜3.7mg / kgによる最初のlokivetmab投与後に132頭の犬のうち116頭(87.8%)において達成した(P <0.001)。pVASの50%以上の減少を104頭(77.0%)の患者で記録した。処置前の重度/非常に重度の掻痒の犬および大きい/巨大なサイズの犬は、それぞれ2.7倍および2.8倍治療成功のオッズが高かった。初期のlokivetmab投与での治療成功と臨床徴候の発症年齢、疾患の慢性度、lokivetmab投与量または年齢との間に有意な関連はなかった。これまでoclacitinibによる治療に反応しなかった犬は、lokivetmabに対する反応性が低かった。嗜眠、嘔吐、過興奮、注射部位の疼痛および尿失禁を含む有害事象が、132頭中11頭で報告された。
結論と臨床的重要性
ラベルされた投与量のlokivetmabは、アレルギー性皮膚炎を有する犬の掻痒の制御に、迅速かつ安全かつ有効な治療法であった。
摘要
背景
IL‐31是一种细胞因子,在犬异位性皮炎(AD)的发病机制中起重要作用,Lokivetmab可以中和IL‐31。
目的
回顾一年来用 lokivetmab 控制犬过敏性皮炎瘙痒的经验。
动物
80只被诊断为AD的患犬,10只犬同时出现食物副反应和AD,45只犬的过敏性皮炎未能确定原因,三只犬失联。
材料和方法
2015年11月至2016年10月期间,回顾性分析用lokivetmab治疗过敏性皮炎的犬病例。宠主用瘙痒直观模拟评分表(pVAS)评估治疗的成功率,经验性定义为比基础值降低了≥2cm。还记录了pVAS的降低≥50%。
结果
初始lokivetmab给药后,132只犬中有116只(87.8%)的瘙痒症状得到改善,剂量为1.8至3.7 mg / kg(P <0.001)。104只犬(77.0%)的pVAS降低≥50%。在治疗前,患有严重/非常严重瘙痒的犬和大型/巨型犬,分别有2.7和2.8倍的治疗成功几率。治疗成功率与临床症状发病年龄、疾病长期性、lokivetmab剂量或初次给药年龄之间没有显著关联。之前对奥拉替尼治疗无效的犬,不太可能对lokivetmab有效。132只犬中有11只报告了包括嗜睡、呕吐、过度兴奋、注射部位疼痛和尿失禁等副反应。
结论和临床价值
按照标签剂量使用Lokivetmab,可以快速、安全和有效地控制过敏性皮炎犬的瘙痒。
Resumo
Contexto
Lokivetmab neutraliza a IL‐31, citocina que exerce uma função importante na patogênese da dermatite atópica (DA) em cães.
Objetivo
Revisar a experiência de um ano de tratamento com lokivetmab no controle do prurido em cães com dermatite alérgica.
Animais
Oitenta cães diagnosticados com DA, dez com reações adversas a alimentos e DA e 45 com dermatite alérgica de causa indeterminada. Três cães não retornaram e houve perda de contato.
Métodos e materiais
Análise retrospectiva das fichas médicas de cães com dermatites alérgicas tratados com lokivetmab entre novembro de 2015 e outubro de 2016. O sucesso do tratamento baseado na avaliação de prurido pelos proprietários foi definido empiricamente como uma redução ≥2 cm em relação ao tempo zero na escala analógica visual de prurido (pVAS). Uma redução ≥50% no pVAS também foi registrada.
Resultados
Melhora no prurido foi observada em 1
The respiratory outcomes for adult survivors of preterm birth in the postsurfactant era are wide-ranging with prognostic factors, especially those encountered after the neonatal period, poorly ...understood.
To obtain comprehensive 'peak' lung health data from survivors of very preterm birth and identify neonatal and life-course risk factors for poorer respiratory outcomes in adulthood.
127 participants born ≤32 weeks gestation (64%, n=81 with bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), initially recruited according to a 2 with-BPD:1 without-BPD strategy), and 41 term-born controls completed a lung health assessment at 16-23 years, including lung function, imaging and symptom review. Risk factors assessed against poor lung health included neonatal treatments, respiratory hospitalisation in childhood, atopy and tobacco smoke exposure.
Young adults born prematurely had greater airflow obstruction, gas trapping and ventilation inhomogeneity, in addition to abnormalities in gas transfer and respiratory mechanics, compared with term. Beyond lung function, we observed greater structural abnormalities, respiratory symptoms and inhaled medication use. A previous respiratory admission was associated with airway obstruction; mean forced expiratory volume in 1 s/forced vital capacity z-score was -0.561 lower after neonatal confounders were accounted for (95% CI -0.998 to -0.125; p=0.012). Similarly, respiratory symptom burden was increased in the preterm group with a respiratory admission, as was peribronchial thickening (6% vs 23%, p=0.010) and bronchodilator responsiveness (17% vs 35%, p=0.025). Atopy, maternal asthma and tobacco smoke exposure did not influence lung function or structure at 16-23 years in our preterm cohort.
Even after accounting for the neonatal course, a respiratory admission during childhood remained significantly associated with reduced peak lung function in the preterm-born cohort, with the largest difference seen in those with BPD. A respiratory admission during childhood should, therefore, be considered a risk factor for long-term respiratory morbidity in those born preterm, especially for individuals with BPD.
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