Undernutrition is one of the serious health problems among adolescents in India where 253 million adolescents are in the age group of 10-19 years. Since adolescents represent the next generation of ...adults, it is important to understand the nutritional status of adolescents. Even though several studies have been carried out in different states in India on adolescent undernutrition (stunting, wasting /underweight), there is no study or review that estimated the national pooled prevalence of adolescent undernutrition and its determinants. Therefore, this review aims to determine the pooled prevalence and determinants of undernutrition (stunting, underweight/wasting) among Indian adolescents.
A systematic review of eligible articles will be conducted using preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analysis (PRISMA) guidelines. A comprehensive searching of the literature will be made in Pub Med, EMBASE, SCOPUS, Google, Google Scholar, and Cochrane databases. The quality of the articles included in the review will be evaluated using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) for observational studies in meta-analyses. The pooled prevalence and odds ratio of the associated risk factors or determinants with their 95% confidence interval will be computed using STATA version 16 software. The existence of heterogeneity among studies will be assessed by computing p-values of Higgins's I2 test statistics and Cochran's Q-statistics based on chi-square with a 5% level of significance among reported prevalence. Sensitivity analysis and subgroup analysis will be conducted based on study quality to investigate the possible sources of heterogeneity. Publication bias will be assessed through visual examination of funnel plots and objectively by Egger's regression test. This review protocol has been registered at PROSPERO (CRD42021286814).
By collecting and summarizing information on adolescent undernutrition can be a step towards a better understanding of the prevalence of nutritional status of Indian adolescents and how the associated factors influence the prevalence of undernutrition. This review will provide directions for further research and healthcare practitioners. This summarized finding at the national level will provide impetus to build nutritional strategies and proper healthcare services to fight against undernutrition among the most ignored population.
A Rare Congenital Anomaly of the Face Majumdar, Bijay Kumar; Chatterjee, Sankar; Singh, Pradeep
Indian Journal of Plastic Surgery/Indian journal of plastic surgery,
09/2023, Letnik:
29, Številka:
2
Journal Article
Male congenital urethrocutaneous fistula is an extremely rare anomaly that is commonly associated with chordee or anorectal malformations. It is characterised by an abnormal urethral opening on the ...ventral aspect of the penis with well-formed distal urethra and meatus at the tip of the glans. The treatment is individualised according to the site of the fistula, associated anomalies and condition of the distal urethra. The principles of hypospadias surgery should be strictly followed.
Anorectal malformations (ARMs) are common congenital anomalies in neonates. Colonic perforation is very rare in ARMs. Delay in diagnosis of neonate with ARM results in colonic perforations and ...life-threatening morbidity. Colonic perforation due to ARM may not be completely avoided; however, early diagnosis and management are essential in assuring better outcomes.
The removal of phenol was studied using laboratory bael fruit shell activated carbon (BAC) prepared using bael (Indian plant
Aegle marmelos
) fruit shell as a precursor. Adsorption of phenol onto BAC ...was studied in a batch process. Various parameters such as pH, adsorbent dose, initial phenol concentration, and contact time were optimized. Equilibrium contact time and optimum pH were found to be 120 min and 4, respectively. Optimum adsorbent dose was found to be 0.6 g/L. Five kinetic models were used to fit the experimental data, among them Pseudo-second-order kinetic model was found to best fit the adsorption kinetic data. Langmuir isotherm fitted the experimental data of phenol adsorption. The negative value of change in enthalpy showed that the adsorption of phenol onto BAC was an exothermic process.
Shallots are infected by various viruses like Onion yellow dwarf virus (OYDV), Leek yellow stripe virus (LYSV), Shallot latent virus (SLV) and Shallot virus X (ShVX). In India, they have been found ...to be persistently infected by ShVX. ShVX also infects onion and garlic in combination with other carlaviruses and potyviruses. ShVX is a member of genus Allexivirus of family Alphaflexiviridae. ShVX has a monopartite genome, which is represented by positive sense single-stranded RNA. Globally, only six complete and 3 nearly complete genome sequences of ShV X are reported to date. This number is insufficient to measure a taxon's true molecular diversity. Moreover, the complete genome sequence of ShVX from Asia has not been reported as yet. Therefore, this study was undertaken to generate a complete genome sequence of ShVX from India.
Shallot virus X (ShVX) is one of the significant threats to Allium crop production. In this study, we report the first complete genome sequence of the ShVX from India through Next-generation sequencing (NGS). The complete genome of the ShVX (Accession No. OK104171), from this study comprised 8911 nucleotides. In-silico analysis of the sequence revealed variability between this isolate and isolates from other countries. The dissimilarities are spread all over the genome specifically some non-coding intergenic regions. Statistical analysis of individual genes for site-specific selection indicates a positive selection in NABP region. The presence of a recombination event was detected in coat protein region. The sequence similarity percentage and phylogenetic analysis indicate ShVX Indian isolate is a distinctly different isolate. Recombination and site-specific selection may have a function in the evolution of this isolate. This is the first detailed study of the ShVX complete genome sequence from Southeast Asia.
This study presents the first report of the entire genome sequence of an Indian isolate of ShVX along with an in-depth exploration of its evolutionary traits. The findings highlight the Indian variant as a naturally occurring recombinant, emphasizing the substantial role of recombination in the evolution of this viral species. This insight into the molecular diversity of strains within a specific geographical region holds immense significance for comprehending and forecasting potential epidemics. Consequently, the insights garnered from this research hold practical value for shaping ShVX management strategies and providing a foundation for forthcoming studies delving into its evolutionary trajectory.
Cerebrospinal fluid pseudo cyst is a rare complication of ventriculoperitoneal shunt procedure for hydrocephalus. It is a collection of fluid that accumulate around the tip of the distal catheter and ...surrounded by a wall of fibrous tissue lacking a true epithelium. There is no exact etiology for this entity. It is associated with high recurrence rate. We are reporting one such case of recurrent cerebrospinal fluid pseudo cyst which was managed by initial exteriorization of abdominal end of shunt followed by excision of the cyst and revision of abdominal end of ventriculoperitoneal shunt.
Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) production is affected by many biotic factors, among them Fusarium wilt caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceri and Botrytis gray mold caused by Botrytis cinerea led ...to severe losses. As fungicide application is not advisable, biological management is the best alternative for plant protection. The rhizosphere-dwelling antagonistic bacteria are one of the important successful alternative strategy to manage these diseases of chickpea. Rhizosphere dwelling bacteria serve as biocontrol agents by different mechanisms like producing antibiotics, different enzymes, siderophores against pathogens and thereby reducing the growth of pathogens.
The present study aimed to isolate rhizospheric bacteria from the soils of different chickpea fields to evaluate biocontrol efficacy of the isolated bacteria to manage Fusarium wilt and Botrytis gray mold in chickpea. A total of 67 bacteria were isolated from chickpea rhizosphere from Bundelkhand region of India. Study revealed the isolated bacteria could reduce the Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceris and Botrytis cinerea infection in chickpea between 17.29 and 75.29%. After screening of all the bacteria for their biocontrol efficacy, 13 most promising bacterial isolates were considered for further study out of which, three bacterial isolates (15d, 9c and 14a) have shown the maximum in vitro antagonistic effects against Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceri and Botrytis cinerea comparable to in vivo effects. However, Isolate (15d) showed highest 87.5% and 82.69% reduction in disease against Fusarium wilt and Botrytis gray mold respectively, under pot condition. Three most potential isolates were characterized at molecular level using 16S rRNA gene and found to be Priestia megaterium (9c and 14a) and Serratia marcescens (15d).
This study identified two native biocontrol agents Priestia megaterium and Serratia marcescens from the rhizospheric soils of Bundelkhand region of India for control of Fusarium wilt, Botrytis gray mold. In future, efforts should be made to further validate the biocontrol agents in conjugation with nanomaterials for enhancing the synergistic effects in managing the fungal diseases in chickpea. This study will definitely enhance our understanding of these bioagents, and to increase their performance by developing effective formulations, application methods, and integrated strategies.
Grazing exclusion (GE) is a useful management technique for restoring degraded grasslands. The herbage mass productivity and chemical makeup in the grazing-excluded subtropical grassland environment ...has, however, received little attention. A subtropical riverine grassland was selected to determine the effect of GE on herbage mass productivity and chemical composition in Nepal. In three successive harvesting times from September to November 2020, the herbage was sampled along the six randomly selected transects of 100 m length and at two treatments (GA: Grazing-allowed and GE: Grazing-excluded plots) at three different times of harvest from a 1,000-ha grassland. A total of 108 herbage cut samples were collected from the individual 1 m × 1 m quadrats at the three harvests, respectively, from the GA and GE plots. Fences were used to maintain the GE plots to avoid grazing to prevent the vegetation altered by grazing. Day before herbage sampling, the functional groups, cover-abundance within the sampling quadrats were investigated. By cutting the fresh herbage 5 cm above the ground and subjecting it to oven drying for laboratory examination, the herbage mass productivity within each quadrat was measured. Using established laboratory procedures, the chemical analysis of herbage was evaluated for its proximate, fibre, and mineral contents. The results of the study demonstrated that GE significantly increased grass species than other-forbs, other-graminoids, and legumes, respectively, and increased dry matter productivity, which could be seen by an increase in leaf stem ratio, tiller productivity, increased coarseness (fibrous content), total ash, calcium (Ca), and phosphorus (P), but with a decreased nonstructural carbohydrate, and the concentrations of ether extract and crude protein. Research results also confirmed that GE increases herbages’ fibrousness and productivity, though the herbage quality, intake, and digestibility decline. It further demonstrates that grazing is a crucial biological component for maintaining pasture quality in subtropical grasslands and that managing grasslands through livestock grazing would make grasslands more stable and nutrient-enriched. The findings of this study can be useful in the long-term monitoring of grazing livestock in the subtropical grasslands when considering further investigations with the multiple factors in future.
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