This study examined the difficulties of running online physical education classes in the context of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and used the findings to develop an efficient operation plan to ...address these difficulties. Six middle and high school physical education teachers participated; three were experts in online physical education and active in the Korea Council School Physical Education Promotion, and three were recommended teachers making efforts to improve the online classes offered by the Korea Ministry of Education. A qualitative case study method employing phenomenological procedures to collect and analyze the data was used. The difficulties of operating middle and high school online physical education classes for the first time included (1) the monotony of the classes within their limited environmental conditions and limited educational content that did not adequately convey the value of physical education, (2) trial-and-error methods applied nationwide, resulting from a lack of expertise in operating online physical education classes, and (3) very limited evaluation guidelines proposed by the Korea Ministry of Education, which made systematic evaluation with online methods impossible. To address the identified problems and facilitate the efficient operation of online physical education classes, changes in strategic learning methods are needed to understand online physical education characteristics and thereby better communicate the value of physical education. It is also necessary to cultivate teaching expertise through sharing online physical education classes, where collaboration among physical education teachers is central. In addition, evaluation processes should be less formal to encourage active student participation.
Nursing students often experience anxiety and stress when taking exams that test their fundamental nursing skills. Complementary alternative methods, such as aromatherapy and music therapy, have ...effectively alleviated such negative emotions among nursing students. However, few studies have examined the effects of combined therapy interventions or compared the effects of different interventions. This study identified the individual and combined effects of aromatherapy and music therapy on test anxiety, state anxiety, stress, and fundamental nursing skills among nursing students in Korea.
A double-blinded, randomized, controlled trial design was used. The study was conducted at the nursing college at Sungshin Women's University, Seoul, Republic of Korea. Ninety-eight sophomore female nursing students participated in the study. Subjects were randomly categorized under three groups: aromatherapy (
= 32), music therapy (
= 32), and aromatherapy combined with music therapy (
= 34). Aromatherapy was carried out through the inhalation method using an aroma lamp and three drops of
and
. Music therapy was carried out using Beethoven's
. Twenty-minute interventions were performed in separate rooms before an exam was administered. Data were collected through self-report questionnaires, including demographics, test anxiety, state anxiety, and stress. Participants' Foley catheterization skill was likewise evaluated.
Aromatherapy combined with music therapy had a significant effect on test anxiety (F = 4.29,
= 0.016), state anxiety (F = 4.77,
= 0.011), stress (F = 4.62,
= 0.012), and performance of fundamental nursing skills (F = 8.04,
= 0.001) compared with aromatherapy and music therapy as separate interventions.
The results suggest that nursing education that includes aromatherapy combined with music therapy may be effective for improving the performance of fundamental nursing skills and reducing anxiety and stress among nursing students.
Due to the increased penetration of electric vehicles (EVs) and photovoltaic (PV) systems, additional application for home/building energy management system (EMS) is needed to determine when and how ...much to charge an electric vehicle in an individual home/building. This paper presents a smart EV charging method for smart homes/buildings with a PV system. The paper consists of two parts: EV charging scheduling algorithm for smart homes/buildings and implementation of prototype application for home/building EMS. The proposed EV charging algorithm is designed to determine the optimal schedules of EV charging based on predicted PV output and electricity consumption. The implemented prototype application for home/building EMS can provide EV charging schedules according to user preferences. Numerical results are provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed smart EV charging method.
This study aimed to identify the significant overarching sports coaching competencies and their underlying components in contemporary Korean society and into the future. In addition, the hierarchical ...order of these competencies and components was investigated to assess their relative importance. This knowledge can improve pre-service and in-service sports coach training programs and their sustainability. A literature review in Korean and English related to sports coaching was performed initially to understand which competencies and components have already been researched and recognized. The subsequent study surveyed 20 experts using the Delphi process and 28 experts using the analytic hierarchy process (AHP), considering seven sports competencies and 23 components based on the literature. All the competencies and components were considered appropriate sustainable measures of a sports coach’s competence based on the Delphi content validity ratio (CVR) > 0.500. The AHP results ranked “pedagogical” competence the highest, with a weight of 0.329 in the competence hierarchy, while “operational and managerial” competence ranked at the bottom with a weight of 0.057. In relation to the rank order of the components under each competence, “pedagogical communication” (0.136) and “sport-specific skill performance” (0.086) ranked first and second, respectively. In contrast, “facilities and equipment management” (0.008) ranked at the bottom and “public relations and marketing” (0.008) ranked right above it. The values of the consistency index and the consistency ratio were <1.000, indicating that the competencies and components hierarchies were reliable. The results confirm that in Korea’s pre- and in-service sports coach training programs, comprehensive and in-depth pedagogical knowledge, as well as sports knowledge in areas like sports biomechanics, sports physiology, and sports nutrition, need to be reinforced for ongoing success.
Deep learning (DL) networks are a popular choice for short-term load forecasting (STLF) in the residential sector. Hybrid DL methodologies based on convolutional neural networks (CNNs) and long ...short-term memory networks (LSTMs) have a higher forecasting accuracy than conventional statistical STLF techniques for different types of single-household load series. However, existing load forecasting methodologies are often inefficient when a high load demand persists for a few hours in a day. Peak load consumption is explicitly depicted as a tail in the probability distribution function (PDF) of the load series. Due to the diverse and uncertain nature of peak load demands, DL methodologies have difficulty maintaining consistent forecasting results, particularly when the PDF of the load series has a longer tail. This paper proposes a multihousehold load forecasting strategy based on the collective moment measure (CMM) (which is obtained from the PDF of the load series), data augmentation, and a CNN. Each load series was compared and ordered through CMM indexing, which helped maintain a minimum or constant shifting variance in the dataset inputted to the CNN. Data augmentation was used to enlarge the input dataset and solve the existing data requirement issues of the CNN. With the ordered load series and data augmentation strategy, the simulation results demonstrated a significant improvement in the performance of both single-household and multihousehold load forecasting. The proposed method predicts day-ahead multihousehold loads simultaneously and compares the results based on a single household. The forecasting performance of the proposed method for six different household groups with 10, 20, 30, 50, 80, and 100 household load series was evaluated and compared with those of existing methodologies. The mean absolute percentage error of the prediction results for each multihousehold load series could be improved by more than 3%. This study can help advance the application of DL methods for household load prediction under high-load-demand conditions.
In both adults and children, metabolic syndrome (MetS) has been attributed to risk factors for type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease such as insulin resistance, abdominal obesity, hypertension, ...and dyslipidemia. This descriptive study aimed to compare the prevalence of MetS and diagnostic components according to the National Cholesterol Education Program, Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEP-ATP III) and International Diabetes Federation (IDF) in 2330 Korean adolescents (10-18 years), using data from the 2010-2012 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey-V. The NCEP-ATP III and IDF were used to diagnose MetS and yielded prevalence rates of 5.7% and 2.1%, respectively, with no sex-related differences. The most frequent MetS diagnostic components according to the NCEP-ATP III and IDF criteria were high triglyceride levels (21.2%) and low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels (13.6%), respectively; approximately 50.1% and 33.1% of adolescents had at least one MetS diagnostic component according to the respective criteria. Both overweight/obese male and female adolescents exhibited significantly increased prevalence rates of MetS and related diagnostic components, compared to normal-weight adolescents. In conclusion, the prevalence rates of MetS and diagnostic components differ according to the NCEP-ATP III and IDF criteria. Henceforth, efforts are needed to establish diagnostic criteria for Korean adolescents.
Advanced metering infrastructure (AMI) is spreading to households in some countries, and could be a source for forecasting the residential electric demand. However, load forecasting of a single ...household is still a fairly challenging topic because of the high volatility and uncertainty of the electric demand of households. Moreover, there is a limitation in the use of historical load data because of a change in house ownership, change in lifestyle, integration of new electric devices, and so on. The paper proposes a novel method to forecast the electricity loads of single residential households. The proposed forecasting method is based on convolution neural networks (CNNs) combined with a data-augmentation technique, which can artificially enlarge the training data. This method can address issues caused by a lack of historical data and improve the accuracy of residential load forecasting. Simulation results illustrate the validation and efficacy of the proposed method.
Recently, physical activity (PA) was found to improve cognitive and memory functions in the brain; however, no epidemiological studies have specifically investigated this phenomenon in the Korean ...adolescent student population. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of various types of PA undertaken at various frequencies, on the academic performance of Korean adolescent students.
A total of 75,066 adolescent students (39,612 males and 35,454 females) from the 7th to the 12th grades took part in the 5th Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Survey (KYRBWS-V) project, conducted in 2009. Using data acquired by that survey, potential relations between PA and academic performance were explored in this current study through multivariate logistic regression analysis incorporating adjustment for covariate variables including age, body mass index, the parents' education level, and the income status of the family.
Compared with boys who did not regularly participate in any vigorous PA, those who did so 2, 3, or 4 times a week had greater odds of reporting an average or above-average academic performance. Compared with boys who did not participate in any moderate PA, those who did so 1, 2, 3, 4, or ≥5 times a week also had greater odds of reporting an average or above-average academic performance. Interestingly, when compared with boys who did not participate in any strengthening exercises, those undertaking strengthening exercises ≥5 times a week had lesser odds of reporting a below-average academic performance. Compared with girls who did not regularly participate in any vigorous PA, those who did so ≥5 times a week had greater odds of reporting an average or above-average academic performance. Compared with girls who did not participate in any moderate PA, those that did so 2 or 3 times a week had greater odds of reporting an average or above-average academic performance. Interestingly, when compared with girls who did not regularly participate in any strengthening exercises, those undertaking strengthening exercises ≥5 times a week had lesser odds of reporting a below-average academic performance.
Our analyses of the relevant data from the KYRBWS-V suggested that vigorous PA was positively correlated with academic performance in the case of boys, and moderate PA was positively correlated with academic performance in both boys and girls. However, strengthening exercises were not positively correlated with academic performance in boys or girls. Furthermore, when undertaken 5 or more times a week, vigorous PA in boys and strengthening exercises in both boys and girls were negatively correlated with academic performance. The results from this study are potentially relevant to the development of future education policies in Korean schools, particularly with regard to early intervention strategies designed to identify and counteract potential factors contributing to academic underachievement.
Photovoltaic (PV) power can be a reasonable alternative as a carbon-free power source in a global warming environment. However, when many PV generators are interconnected in power systems, inaccurate ...forecasting of PV generation leads to unstable power system operation. In order to help system operators maintain a reliable power balance, even when renewable capacity increases excessively, an incentive program has been introduced in Korea. The program is expected to improve the self-forecasting accuracy of distributed generators and enhance the reliability of power system operation by using the predicted output for day-ahead power system planning. In order to maximize the economic benefit of the incentive program, the PV site should offer a strategic schedule. This paper proposes a PV generation scheduling method that considers incentives for accurate renewable energy forecasting. The proposed method adjusts the predicted PV generation to the optimal generation schedule by considering the characteristics of PV energy deviation, energy storage system (ESS) operation, and PV curtailment. It then maximizes incentives by mitigating energy deviations using ESS and PV curtailment in real-time conditions. The PV scheduling problem is formulated as a stochastic mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) problem, considering energy deviation and daily revenue under expected PV operation scenarios. The numerical simulation results are presented to demonstrate the economic impact of the proposed method. The proposed method contributes to mitigating daily energy deviations and enhancing daily revenue.
Asthma is a very common condition that affects 5-10% of the global population, and its prevalence is increasing. Vigorous physical activity (PA) is effective in improving cardiorespiratory fitness ...and managing stress. This study aimed to investigate the association between vigorous PA and stress among Korean adolescents with asthma using large-scale survey data. The questionnaire data of 57,303 adolescents were analyzed using raw data from the 2019 Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web-Based Survey. We performed logistic regression analysis to calculate the stress odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for asthma and non-asthma groups using models 1 and 2. We also performed logistic regression analysis to calculate the stress OR for the asthma group with vigorous PA and non-vigorous PA using models 1, 2, and 3. Model 1 was adjusted for age, sex, obesity, smoking, and alcohol status; model 2 was further adjusted for household income, academic achievement, and comorbidities. Model 3 was further adjusted for moderate activity and resistance exercise. The OR of stress was 20% higher in the asthma group than in the non-asthma group (
< 0.05). In the fully adjusted models, the OR for the non-asthma group with vigorous PA versus non-vigorous PA was 0.89 (95% CI: 0.84-0.94). However, the OR for the asthma group with vigorous PA versus non-vigorous PA was 0.70 (95% CI: 0.57-0.86), indicating that adolescents who engage in vigorous PA had lower stress in the asthma group (
< 0.05). This study demonstrated that adolescents with asthma had higher stress levels than those without asthma; however, vigorous PA was associated with lower stress. These effects were more pronounced in adolescents with asthma.
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