La perception des événements de l’année révolutionnaire 1917 a généré de nombreuses idées reçues qui se sont solidement implantées dans l’historiographie. Les principales sont : (a) De février à ...octobre 1917, la Russie avança inexorablement vers la révolution ; en d’autres termes, il n’y avait aucune alternative au coup d’État bolchevik ; (b) La révolution de 1917 marque exclusivement la victoire des forces destructrices et une augmentation constante de l’entropie. Le présent article propose une révision de ces idées reçues en écartant la linéarité des processus historiques, tout au moins en ce qui concerne cette année décisive pour la Russie. En mars 1917, on atteignit dans la sphère publique (et chez certains ministres du gouvernement provisoire) un consensus sur la nécessité de réformer l’espace public et, par‑là même, de repenser l’État et ses compétences. Le processus politique de la « nouvelle Russie » devait se définir par différentes formes de participation en autogestion de la société. Ce pari de l’autogestion de la société était logiquement motivé par l’activité des zemstva et des associations bénévoles d’assistance au front et à l’arrière pendant la Première Guerre mondiale. En somme, les événements de mars 1917 découlaient directement de la mobilisation publique qui existait depuis l’été 1914. La nouvelle forme d’espace public ne semblait pas complètement vouée à l’échec. En attestent notamment l’activité croissante des organisations bénévoles, l’ampleur des projets du gouvernement provisoire, projets qui pouvaient changer la donne malgré le contexte d’opposition tactique. La crise d’avril se révéla être une épreuve pour le projet présenté par la première formation du gouvernement provisoire. La formation de la première coalition en mai 1917 altéra non seulement la politique gouvernementale, mais aussi la nature même du processus politique. À partir de l’été 1917, la vie publique déclina, perdit de son intensité et ne put s’opposer à la résolution par la force de la crise croissante. Vu sous cet angle, mai 1917 apparaît comme un moment charnière : le dialogue élargi qui était encore possible avant ce moment céda le pas à la seule issue possible, la recherche d’un dictateur.
Phase equilibria in the EuS-Cu
2
S-Nd
2
S
3
system were studied in an isothermal (970 K) section and NdCuS
2
-EuS and Cu
2
S-EuNdCuS
3
polythermal sections. The complex sulfide EuNdCuS
3
has an ...orthorhombic crystal lattice (space group
Pnma
;
a
= 1.10438(2) nm,
b
= 0.40660(1) nm,
c
= 1.14149(4) nm), is isostructural to BaLaCuS
3
, and melts incongruently at 1470 K: EuNdCuS
3
(0.50 EuS; 0.50 NdCuS
2
) ai 0.18 EuS ss (0.88 EuS; 0.12 NdCuS
2
) + 0.82 L (0.415 EuS; 0.585 NdCuS
2
); Δ
H
= 17.8 kJ/mol. Within the range 0.5 mol % EuS, EuNdCuS
3
-based solid solutions were not found. At 970 K, the tie lines pass from the compound EuNdCuS
3
to Cu
2
S, EuS, NdCuS
2
, and EuNd
2
S
4
phases and lie between the NdCuS
2
phase and solid solutions (ss) of γ-Nd
2
S
3
with EuNd
2
S
4
. Eutectics are formed between the compounds NdCuS
2
and EuNdCuS
3
at 32.0 mol % EuS
T
= 1318 K and between the compounds Cu
2
S and EuNdCuS
3
at 20.5 mol % EuNdCuS
3
and
T
= 1142 K. Five main subordinate triangles were identified in the system.
Eight dissociation constants of 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetrakis (methylene phosphonic acid) (DOTMP, H
8
L) were determined for the first time by potentiometric titration in water ...using the CHEMEQUI program. The stability constants of Ga
3+
complexes with deprotonated forms of DOTMP were determined. The stability constant of the Ga
3+
complex with the fully deprotonated DOTMP ligand, lg
K
ML
equal to 27.8, is higher than the corresponding constant for the Ga
3+
complex with 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetraacetic acid (DOTA), the ligand most widely used in radiopharmacy; it is also higher than the constant for the Ga
3+
complex with plasma protein transferrin, which makes the DOTMP ligand very promising for the use in radiopharmacy.
Titanium(4+) and zirconium(4+) complexes with pyridinedicarboxylic acid derivatives have been synthesized. The composition and structure of the synthesized 2,6-bis(diphenylhydroxymethyl)pyridine ...complexes have been corroborated by NMR and IR spectroscopy, and elemental analysis. The complexes activated with methylaluminoxane (MAO) are catalytically active in ethylene polymerization, Depending on the Ti/Al
MAO
ratio, the catalytic activity of the complexes varies between 90 and 420 kg PE/mol Ti h atm.
An algorithm is proposed for calculating the convective heat exchange in a spherical cavity modeling the liquid core of the Earth with account for the internal heat sources and the Joule dissipation ...in the electrically conducting liquid in it.
A combined system of equations defining the movement of an electrically conducting liquid and the convective heat transfer in a spherical layer modeling the liquid core of the Earth is considered. In ...this system, unlike the kinematic models of hydromagnetic dynamo, the action of the internal heat sources and the Joule dissipation on the indicated processes is taken into account. The dependence of the results of calculations of the structure of the liquid flow, the heat exchange, and the magnetic field in the Earth core on the dimensionless similarity criteria used in the calculations was investigated.
This article is a case study on quantification and aspectual domain and aspect in Finnish and Udmurt. The principal data consists of examples collected from various sentence types of Finnish and ...Udmurt in which derivation of verbs is used in changing the grammatical structures of sentences. Derivational affixes are operators which correspond to underlying semantic primitives. Changes in verbal semantics have an influence on quantification and closure of aspect. It will be shown that lexical means are used in changing the argument structure, and that the border between lexical and grammatical means used in marking aspect and quantification is vague.
The emission of radioactive Cs with flue gases in various regimes of combustion of radionuclide-contaminated solid fuels in a wide temperature interval has been investigated. The flame temperature ...decreased on the onset of vibrating combustion. A lowering in the Cs emission under conditions of vibrating and intermittent combustion in comparison with the emission under conditions of diffusion combustion has been obtained.
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