A double-platform protocol was implemented in the Bay of Biscay and English Channel during the SCANS-III survey (2016). Two observation platforms using different protocols were operating on board a ...single aircraft: the reference platform (Scans), targeting cetaceans, and the ‘Megafauna’ platform, recording all the marine fauna visible at the sea surface (jellyfish to seabirds). We tested for a potential bias in small cetacean detection and density estimation when recording all marine fauna. At a small temporal scale (30 s, roughly 1.5 km), our results provided overall similar perception probabilities for both platforms. Small cetacean perception was higher following the detection of another cetacean within the previous 30 s in both platforms. The only prior target that decreased small cetacean perception during the subsequent 30 s was seabirds, in the Megafauna platform. However, at a larger scale (study area), this small-scale perception bias had no effect on the density estimates, which were similar for the two protocols. As a result, there was no evidence of lower performance regarding small cetacean population monitoring for the multi-target protocol in our study area. Because our study area was characterized by moderate cetacean densities and small spatial overlap of cetaceans and seabirds, any extrapolation to other areas or time requires caution. Nonetheless, by permitting the collection of cost-effective quantitative data for marine fauna, anthropogenic activities and marine litter at the sea surface, the multi-target protocol is valuable for optimizing logistical and financial resources to efficiently monitor biodiversity and study community ecology.
Purpose A magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan of the elbow is often obtained to confirm the clinical suspicion of a distal biceps tendon rupture. The goal of this study was to evaluate the ...effectiveness of MRI in diagnosing partial and complete distal biceps tendon ruptures as determined at the time of surgery. Methods We identified 22 partial and 24 complete distal biceps tendon ruptures operated on by a single surgeon. The preoperative MRIs of these patients were obtained, along with MRIs of the elbow in 10 asymptomatic individuals. Two musculoskeletal radiologists read each MRI without knowledge of the diagnosis or the surgical findings. Their interpretations were compared with the intraoperative findings and the results were statistically analyzed. Results The overall sensitivity and specificity of MRI were 92.4% and 100%, respectively, in detecting distal biceps tendon ruptures. The sensitivity and specificity of MRI for complete tears were 100% and 82.8%, respectively. The sensitivity and specificity of MRI for partial tears were 59.1% and 100%, respectively. Conclusions Magnetic resonance imaging is an effective tool for diagnosing distal biceps tendon ruptures. Although MRI is extremely sensitive in diagnosing complete tears, it is substantially less sensitive in diagnosing partial tears. Type of study/level of evidence Diagnostic II.
Objective
To investigate brain volumes in patients with well‐characterized juvenile myoclonic epilepsy (JME).
Materials and methods
We studied the MRI images of seventeen subjects with EEG and ...clinically defined JME and seventeen age‐ and sex‐matched controls using voxel‐based morphometry (VBM) and automated and manual volumetry.
Results
We found no significant group differences in the cortical volumes by automated techniques for all regions or for the whole brain. However, we found a larger pulvinar nucleus in JME using VBM with small volume correction and a larger thalamus with manual volumetry (P = 0.001; corrected two‐tailed t‐test). By analysing the individual subjects, we determined that considerable heterogeneity exists even in this highly selected group. Histograms of all JME and matched control regions' volumes showed more subjects with JME had smaller hippocampi and larger thalami (P < 0.05; chi‐square). Subjects in whom the first seizure was absence were more likely to have smaller hippocampi than their matched control, while those without absences showed no differences (P < 0.05, chi‐square).
Conclusions
There is ample evidence for frontal cortical thalamic network changes in JME, but subcortical structural differences were more distinct in this group. Given the heterogeneity of brain volumes in the clinical population, further advancement in the field will require the examination of stringent genetically controlled populations.
Osseous stress fractures and stress reactions represent the effect of abnormal repetitive stress on normal bone. An accurate and thorough clinical history and sequential radiographs often suffice 40 ...make the diagnosis especially when the fracture occurs in one of the common locations, such as the tibia, metatarsals, or calcaneus. In cases that are atypical in location or clinical presentation the authors rely more on MR imaging, radionuclide bone scanning, and occasionally CT. MR imaging detects early changes of osseous stress injury and allows precise definition of anatomy and extent of injury, and is the preferred modality for evaluating the continuum of osseous manifestations of stress injury. MR imaging is useful in evaluating shin splints, early osseous stress injuries, and overt stress fracture. In the elite athlete prompt diagnosis and early rehabilitation are the goals.
Monoenergetic muon neutrinos at 236 MeV are readily produced in intense medium-energy proton facilities (≳2–3GeV) when a positive kaon decays at rest (KDAR; K+→μ+νμ). These neutrinos provide a unique ...opportunity to both study the neutrino interaction and probe the nucleus with a monoenergetic weak-interaction-only tool. We present cross-section calculations for quasielastic scattering of these 236-MeV neutrinos off 12C and 40Ar, paying special attention to low-energy aspects of the scattering process. Our model takes the description of the nucleus in a mean-field approach as the starting point, where we solve Hartree-Fock equations using a Skyrme type nucleon-nucleon interaction. Thereby, we introduce long-range nuclear correlations by means of a continuum random-phase approximation (CRPA) framework where we solve the CRPA equations using a Green's function method. The model successfully describes (e,e') data on 12C and 40Ca in the kinematic region that overlaps with the KDAR νμ phase space. In addition to these results, we present future prospects for precision KDAR cross-section measurements and applications of our calculations in current and future experiments that will utilize these neutrinos.
Abstract
The Sterile Neutrino Search at the J-PARC Spallation Neutron Source (JSNS$^2$) experiment aims to search for sterile neutrino oscillations using a neutrino beam from muon decays at rest. The ...JSNS$^2$ detector contains 17 tons of 0.1$\%$ gadolinium (Gd) loaded liquid scintillator (LS) as a neutrino target. Detector construction was completed in the spring of 2020. A slow control and monitoring system (SCMS) was implemented for reliable control and quick monitoring of the detector operational status and environmental conditions. It issues an alarm if any of the monitored parameters exceed a preset acceptable range. The SCMS monitors the high voltage of the photomultiplier tubes, the LS level in the detector, possible LS overflow and leakage, the temperature and air pressure in the detector, the humidity of the experimental hall, and the LS flow rate during filling and extraction. An initial 10 days of data-taking with a neutrino beam was done following a successful commissioning of the detector and SCMS in 2020 June. In this paper, we present a description of the assembly and installation of the SCMS and its performance.
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