The present book is a critical edition of Mongolian ritual manuscripts preserved in Czech collections. It offers palaeographic descriptions and transcriptions for all the manuscripts, accompanied by ...English translations and selected facsimiles. The edition includes the majority of popular ritual text categories written in Classical Mongolian (mostly incense offering rituals) commonly circulating in the extramonastic milieu of premodern Mongolia: texts on fire-worship, White Old Man, Offering of the Fox, Geser Khan rituals, hunting rituals, while several texts related to cults of local deities, protection of livestock, as well as popular religious songs and individual prayers are appearing in the scholarly literature for the first time.
The present monograph represents a manual, summarizing state-of-the-art of the Altaic diachronic linguistics, concentrates on development of linguistic research in the Turkic, Mongolic, Tungusic, ...Koreanic and Japonic branches, first descriptive, later comparative. A special attention is payed to history of both the partial and general models of classifications, overview of etymologies of the main ethno- and choronyms and process of establishing the phonetic correspondences within and among the individual branches. For illustration of the common heritage the nominal and pronominal case systems were chosen as examples of the stables subsystems. In details is mapped a history of etymological analysis of the Altaic numerals, including new solutions. The monograph is for linguists, historians, anthropologists and archaeologists interested in Siberia, Central Asia and the Far East.
The book describes the history of two civilization spheres in the territory of present-day Vietnam: The Viet culture in the north, developing under a direct influence of China, and the Champa culture ...in the south, formed by small independent indianised communities. By the 15th century, the growth of the Viet statehood reached its peak in the creation of a centralized realm. On the other hand, Champa was driven back by the expanding Viets, a far-reaching defeat resulting in their gradual regress in the following centuries. The authors offer a chronological explanation based on Vietnamese and Chinese chronicles. They present two main trends: The transition from a thousand-year-old Chinese domination to independence, and the power shift from the Buddhist sangha to military rulers and neo-Confucian civil administration.
Rasiyan-u qumq-a (Arshaanii khumkh in Modern Mongolian), a Vase of Nectar, is a long didactic poem composed supposedly at the turn of the 17th century in Classical Mongolian. Forming a cycle of 317 ...quatrains preserved from original 340, it deals with the harmonious interrelation between the world order (rules of righteous action as perceived the contemporary Mongolian society) and the religious order (basic concepts of Buddhism). Written by an unknown author, it follows literary traditions founded by Choiji Odser (14th century) and Sakya Pandita's Treasury of aphoristic jewels. The present edition contains an introduction, transcription, Czech translation, and a facsimile of the single known manuscript copy of the work.
This paper introduces three Mongolian texts of various genres linked together by their frame narratives which all refer to Mongolian notions regarding the Chinese origin of divination, geomancy and ...related rituals. The frame narratives represent a rare component of Mongolian texts of these genres. The texts are published in transcription, with a translation, and compared to the corresponding textual tradition as well as to wider cultural context illustrated by instances from oral tradition.
The book describes the modern history of Vietnam from the 16th century till the present time. It covers the development of Vietnamese statehood before the colonial era and under the dynasties Lê, ...Mạc, and under the influential families of Trịnh and Nguyễn. After the Tây Sơn unification, the rule was returned back to the hands of Nguyễns with the help of French advisers. Later, the French took over the power in the war with China. Their colonial rule was not satisfactory for Vietnamese and it stimulated local nationalism. The war with the Western countries in the second half of the 20th century led to partial and formal friendship with its allies (China and the Soviet Union). Post-war modernization, own political authority, and renewed Confucian values are the main features of the recent development.
Low-modulus biomedical beta titanium alloys often suffer from low strength which limits their use as load-bearing orthopaedic implants. In this study, twelve different Ti-Nb-Zr-Ta based alloys ...alloyed with Fe, Si and O additions were prepared by arc melting and hot forging. The lowest elastic modulus (65GPa) was achieved in the benchmark TNTZ alloy consisting only of pure β phase with low stability due to the ‘proximity’ to the β to α’’ martensitic transformation. Alloying by Fe and O significantly increased elastic modulus, which correlates with the electrons per atom ratio (e/a). Sufficient amount of Fe/O leads to increased yield stress, increased elongation to fracture and also to work hardening during deformation. A 20% increase in strength and a 20% decrease in the elastic modulus when compared to the common Ti-6Al-4V alloy was achieved in TNTZ-Fe-Si-O alloys, which proved to be suitable for biomedical use due to their favorable mechanical properties.
•Ti-35.3Nb-5.7Ta-7.3Zr alloy was alloyed with Fe, Si and O to increase its strength.•Elastic modulus correlates with the electrons per atom ratio (e/a).•Sufficient amount of Fe/O enhances the yield stress and causes work hardening.•TNTZ-Fe-Si-O alloys have lower modulus and higher strength than Ti6Al4V alloy.
This review summarizes the development of the Gas-Cooled Fast Reactor (GFR) concept from the early 1970s until now, focusing specifically on structural materials and advanced fuel cladding materials. ...Materials for future nuclear energy systems must operate under more extreme conditions than those in the current Gen II or Gen III systems. These conditions include higher temperatures, a higher displacement per atom, and more corrosive environments. This paper reviews previous GFR concepts in light of several promising candidate materials for the GFR system. It also reviews the recent development of nuclear power and its use in the peaceful exploration of space. The final section focuses on the development and testing of new advanced materials such as SiCf/SiC composites and high entropy alloys (HEA) for the construction and development of GFRs.
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