Enzymatic hydrolysates of different food proteins demonstrate health benefits. Search for diet related food protein hydrolysates is therefore of interest within the scope of functional foods. ...Mungbean is one of the popular foods in India because of rich protein source. In this study, mungbean vicilin protein (MBVP) was enzymatically hydrolysed by alcalase and trypsin under optimal conditions. We have studied the antioxidant, antiproliferative and angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory activities of mungbean vicilin protein hydrolysate (MBVPH) vis-a-vis alcalase-generated mungbean vicilin protein hydrolysate (AMBVPH) and trypsin-generated mungbean vicilin protein hydrolysate (TMBVPH). The results showed that MBVPH exhibited higher antioxidant potential, ACE inhibitory and antiproliferative activities than MBVP. The alcalase treated hydrolysate displayed highest ACE inhibitory activity with IC50 value of 0.32 mg protein/ml. The MBVP showed significant antiproliferative activity against both MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells at the doses between 0.2-1.0 mg/ml. The data suggested that MBVPH can be utilized as physiologically active functional foods with sufficient antihypertensive activity. The results indicate that mungbean can be utilized as a rich resource of functional foods.
•Abrogating AGTR1 expression in cancer cells lead to reduced oncogenicity.•AGTR1 is post-transcriptionally regulated by miRNA-155.•MiR-155 mitigates AGTR1-mediated angiogenesis, EMT and ...stemness.•MiR-155 disrupts oncogenic AGTR1/NF-κB /CXCR4 axis.•IKK inhibitors or miR-155 therapies might prove beneficial for AGTR1-positive cancers.
Glioblastoma (GBM) represents the most aggressive malignancy of the central nervous system. Increased expression of Angiotensin II Receptor Type 1 (AGTR1) has been associated with proliferative and infiltrative properties of glioma cells. However, the underlying mechanism of AGTR1 upregulation in GBM is still unexplored. To understand the post-transcriptional regulation of AGTR1 in GBM, we screened 3′untranslated region (3′UTR) of AGTR1 for putative miRNA binding by using prediction algorithms. Interestingly, miR-155 showed conserved binding on the 3′UTR of AGTR1, subsequently confirmed by luciferase reporter assay. Furthermore, miR-155 overexpressing GBM cells show decrease in AGTR1 expression accompanied with reduced cell proliferation, invasion, foci formation and anchorage-independent growth. Strikingly, immunodeficient mice implanted with stable miR-155 overexpressing SNB19 cells show negligible tumor growth. Notably, miR-155 attenuates NF-κB signaling downstream of AGTR1 leading to reduced CXCR4 as well as AGTR1 levels. Mechanistically, miR-155 mitigates AGTR1-mediated angiogenesis, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, stemness, and MAPK signaling. Similar effects were observed by using pharmacological inhibitor of IκB Kinase (IKK) complex in multiple cell-based assays. Taken together, we established that miRNA-155 post-transcriptionally regulates AGTR1 expression, abrogates AGTR1/NF-κB/CXCR4 signaling axis and elicits pleiotropic anticancer effects in GBM. This study opens new avenues for using IKK inhibitors and miRNA-155 replacement therapies for the treatment of AGTR1-positive malignancies.
Acne is one of the most common dermatological skin problem caused due to inflammation of the skin, leading to unfavorable growth of
Propionibacterium acnes
. It is a slow growing anaerobic, ...gram-positive bacterium that releases chemotactic factors and leads to the complex pathogenicity of acne. There are several acne treatments/therapies available, but topical therapy is usually the first choice for mild to moderate acne, and as the severity of the acne increases, the treatment modalities fail. There are many acne treatment options available, but topical therapy is best suited for mild - to - moderate skin problems, and then as the seriousness of the acne grows, the therapeutic approaches fall short. Biosurfactants are surfactants produced from plants or animals; Saponins are plant derived non-ionic biosurfactants which have steroidal and triterpenic glycosides distributed largely in plant kingdom. Numerous studies conducted by scientists have established the antimicrobial activity of and are considered more advantageous over synthetic precursors as they are eco-friendly, cheap and non-toxic. The present study was undertaken to investigate the antibacterial activity of saponins (bio-surfactants) characterized using mass spectroscopy against acne-causing bacteria. The discharge of cellular components including protein and UV-sensitive materials in the cell-free supernatant was provoked by saponin, confirming the cellular and membrane disturbances.. Furthermore, various morphological changes on the bacterial cell surface structure by Transmission electron microscopy and scanning electron microscopy revealed the disruption of the cell integrity leading to death. Results confirmed presence of non-ionic surfactants primarily affecting the disruption and destruction to the bacteria which indicates that saponins are efficient components with great potential applications in various pharmaceutical preparations.
Effects of Prednisolone derivative and Panaxydol: Biosurfactants on cell wall integrity of Acne-Causing Resistant Bacteria.
Agriculture crops encounter several biotic and abiotic stresses, including pests, diseases, nutritional deficits, and climate change, which necessitate the development of new agricultural ...technologies. By developing nano-based fertilizers, insecticides and herbicides, and early disease diagnostics, nanotechnology may help to increase agricultural crop quality and production. The application of silica nanoparticles (SiNPs) may be the solution for increasing the yield to combat the agriculture crisis in the near future. SiNPs have unique physiological properties, such as large surface area, aggregation, reactivity, penetrating ability, size, and structure, which enable them to penetrate plants and regulate their metabolic processes. Pesticide delivery, enhanced nutrition supply, disease management, and higher photosynthetic efficiency and germination rate are all attributed to SiNPs deposition on plant tissue surfaces. SiNPs have been demonstrated to be non-toxic in nature, making them suitable for usage in agriculture. In this regard, the current work provides the most important and contemporary applications of SiNPs in agriculture as well as biogenic and non-biogenic synthetic techniques. As a result, this review summarizes the literature on SiNPs and explores the use of SiNPs in a variety of agricultural disciplines.
Silica nanoparticles, Agricultural-waste, Fertilizers, Pesticides, Herbicides.
Deception is the action of causing a person to believe something, which is known to be lying with the provision of evidence to support such false beliefs with certain intensions. Identification of ...the deceptive characteristics manually is a challenging problem for the researchers. Thus, an automatic deception detector is necessary to be developed in order to ensure higher accuracy. Accordingly, this paper proposes a novel deception detector method called Moth Monarch optimization-based Deep Belief Neural Network (MMO-DBN). The proposed MMO-DBN classifier undergoes the phases of feature extraction and classification. Initially, the input speech signals are pre-processed to remove the noise present in the signal and subjected to feature extraction to extract the significant features, such as Mel Frequency Cepstral Coefficients (MFCC), Spectral Kurtosis, Spectral Spread, Spectral Centroid, minimum blood pressure, maximum blood pressure, respiration rate, and Tonal Power Ratio. Then, these extracted features are subjected to classification using Deep Belief Neural Network (DBN), which is trained with the proposed Moth Monarch optimization (MMO) algorithm that is the integration of Monarch Butterfly Optimization (MBO) and Moth Search (MS) algorithm. The performance of the proposed MMO-DBN is analyzed using the metrics, namely accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity. The proposed method obtained the higher accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity of 0.984, 0.9836, and 0.9375, respectively that shows the superiority of the proposed MMO-DBN in deception detection.
The Prime Minister of India laid down a target for India at COP 26—to achieve net zero emissions by 2070. Realizing this target depends upon a transition away from fossil fuels towards ...non-fossil-fuel alternatives. This Commentary highlights the main constraints in this attempt at transitioning to an energy mix that has a greater share of renewables. It is noted that while the share of solar and wind in installed capacity has increased significantly, there has been no corresponding decrease in the share of coal. In absolute terms, coal-based capacity has also shown significant increase. The Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) of India as communicated to the UNFCC was revised in August 2022 in view of the progress made and now includes a target of increasing the share of non-fossil-fuel sources to 50% of installed capacity. In addition, in the recently released Draft National Electricity Plan (DNEP), a target of...
Natural surfactants have gained importance as the usage of synthetic surfactants shows economical aspects, health, and environmental effect. This study examined the anti-microbial activity of ...safflower seed waste (Ssw) isolated surfactant against dandruff-causing
Malassezia furfur
and skin diseases causing bacterial strains. Saponin was the major component and non-ionic surfactants derived from plants, which have a special molecular structure with hydrophilic glycoside backbone and lipophilic triterpene derivative. The antimicrobial activity of isolated surfactants was confirmed by the MIC and kill-time assays. Our results showed that the isolated saponin may interact with the cell wall and membrane first and destroy the cell wall and membranes, which finally results in bacterial death. Besides, isolated saponin penetrates the cytoplasmic membrane or enters inside the cell after the destruction of cell structure, and then inhibits the normal synthesis of DNA and proteins that are required for bacterial growth. These results suggested that the effects of the Ssw isolated saponin on the growth inhibition of selected bacterial strains may be at the molecular level rather than only physical damage.
Extraction of Biosurfactant (saponin) from Safflower seed waste and its antimicrobial activity.
The peels of C.s
ativus
are produced in large quantities in food processing industries and as kitchen-waste, resulting into tremendous loss of valuable bioactive components. Considering this, the ...flavanoids from C.s
ativus
peels (CSP) were isolated and characterized by the column chromatography, high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR) methods. The antioxidant and antibacterial activity of CSP extract against
Escherichia
c
oli
,
Streptococcus mutans
and
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
was assessed. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was also used to investigate the killing efficacy of CSP extract against selected bacterial strains. Cytotoxic activity of extract was analyzed on L929 (connective tissue, Mouse, Mus Muscular) cell lines to check their viability. According to the results, total flavanoid content in CSP extract was found as 55.3 ± 1.154 µg/g QE and the chromatographic and spectral data of the isolated compound was elucidated as quercetin—a flavanoid. The CSP extract has also found to give significant antioxidant activity for both DPPH (2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) and FRAP (ferric reducing antioxidant power) assay. The CSP extract was found to inhibit growth of
E.
c
oli
, P.
aeruginosa
and
S. mutans
by forming inhibitory zones of 11.36 ± 0.47, 6.7 ± 0.36 mm and 10.16 ± 0.11 mm, respectively. The SEM results also confirm the rupturing of cells or biofilms of bacterial cells as compare to control strains. Additionally, CSP extract was found to not inhibit the proliferation of L929 cells and more than 90% viability of cells was achieved. The present finding highlights the phytochemical profile and therapeutic applications of C.s
ativus
peels.
A transition towards a low carbon economy is based on increased installation and uptake of renewable energy. Renewable energy technologies depend on critical minerals for raw materials, which are ...distributed and produced in select jurisdictions. To meet their energy transition targets, countries need affordable and sustainable access to critical minerals making trade inevitable. However, the discourse on the legal regime for international trade has paid little emphasis on minerals and energy transition, except in the WTO raw materials and rare earths disputes. This paper reviews the overall legal regime for ownership and trade in minerals and the key aspects and challenges in light of the growing demand for critical minerals for energy transition.
•Inequitable distribution of minerals needed for energy transition make trade inevitable.•Interface between trade, investments & sovereignty in critical minerals is complex & dynamic.•Legal regime important to protect interests of different parties in renewables-minerals interface.•Need to study the impact of emerging bilateral & regional agreements & collaborative arrangements for critical minerals.
Anti Angiogenic Activity of Carica papaya Leaf Extract Tayal, Nidhi; Srivastava, Priyansh; Srivastava, Nidhi
Journal of pure & applied microbiology : an international research journal of microbiology,
03/2019, Letnik:
13, Številka:
1
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Cancer is a major cause of death worldwide and angiogenesis is critical in cancer progression. Development of new blood vessels and nutrition of tumor cells are heavily dependent on angiogenesis. ...Angiogenesis is the formation of new blood vessels from existing vasculature. There are several "on" and "off" switches that regulate the process. Decreasing or inhibiting angiogenesis can be therapeutic in cancer and other diseases. Thus, angiogenesis is an important process that occurs both during health and disease. This study was conducted to investigate the anti-angiogenic activity of Carica papaya leaf. The anti-angiogenic activity of papaya leaf was evaluated using docking behaviour of known bioactive compounds of leaf as ligands with angiogenic receptors VEGFR1 and VEGFR2 along with their putative binding sites using Swiss Dock Web server (In silico) and further based on docking results leaf aqueous extract was used for implantation in chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) egg yolk angiogenesis model (in vivo). Docking studies and binding free energy calculations revealed that among known bioactive compounds of leaf Ascorbic acid, quercetin, riboflavin and lycopene have maximum free energy as compared to other investigated ligands. Similarly, CAM assay also showed the inhibitory effect of the Carica papaya leaf with respect their reduction in length, size and junctions of blood capillaries compared to untreated egg yolk. The results showed that Ascorbic Acid, Quercetin, Riboflavin and, Lycopene (leaf compounds) can attenuate angiogenesis in pathological conditions and can be potent in drug discovery as well as medical science. Keywords: Carica papaya, Angiogenesis, Medical Science, Cancer, Pathological, Phytochemical.
PDF
