MAGE-A (melanoma-associated antigen-A) are promising targets for specific immunotherapy and their expression may be induced by the epigenetic factor BORIS.
To determine their relevance for breast ...cancer, we quantified the levels of MAGE-A1, -A2, -A3, -A12 and BORIS mRNA, as well as microRNAs let-7b and miR-202 in pre- and postoperative serum of 102 and 34 breast cancer patients, respectively, and in serum of 26 patients with benign breast diseases and 37 healthy women by real-time PCR. The mean follow-up time of the cancer patients was 6.2 years.
The serum levels of MAGE-A and BORIS mRNA, as well as let-7b were significantly higher in patients with invasive carcinomas than in patients with benign breast diseases or healthy women (P<0.001), whereas the levels of miR-202 were elevated in both patient cohorts (P<0.001). In uni- and multivariate analyses, high levels of miR-202 significantly correlated with poor overall survival (P=0.0001). Transfection of breast cancer cells with synthetic microRNAs and their inhibitors showed that let-7b and miR-202 did not affect the protein expression of MAGE-A1.
Based on their cancer-specific increase in breast cancer patients, circulating MAGE-A and BORIS mRNAs may be further explored for early detection of breast cancer and monitoring of MAGE-directed immunotherapies. Moreover, serum miR-202 is associated with prognosis.
We show measurements of thermal kinetic inductance detectors (TKIDs) intended for millimeter-wave cosmology in the 200–300 GHz atmospheric window. The TKID is a type of bolometer which uses the ...kinetic inductance of a superconducting resonator to measure the temperature of the thermally isolated bolometer island. We measure bolometer thermal conductance, time constant, and noise equivalent power. We also measure the quality factor of our resonators as the bath temperature varies to show they are limited by effects consistent with coupling to two-level systems.
Bicep3
is a 550-mm aperture telescope with cold, on-axis, refractive optics designed to observe at the 95-GHz band from the South Pole. It is the newest member of the
Bicep
/
Keck
family of ...inflationary probes specifically designed to measure the polarization of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) at degree angular scales.
Bicep3
is designed to house 1280 dual-polarization pixels, which, when fully populated, totals to
∼
9
×
the number of pixels in a single
Keck
95-GHz receiver, thus further advancing the
Bicep
/
Keck
program’s 95 GHz mapping speed.
Bicep3
was deployed during the austral summer of 2014–2015 with nine detector tiles, to be increased to its full capacity of 20 in the second season. After instrument characterization, measurements were taken, and CMB observation commenced in April 2015. Together with multi-frequency observation data from Planck,
Bicep2
, and the
Keck Array
,
Bicep3
is projected to set upper limits on the tensor-to-scalar ratio to
r
≲
0.03
at 95 % C.L.
The Background Imaging of Cosmic Extragalactic Polarization (BICEP)/Keck (BK) collaboration is currently leading the quest for the highest-sensitivity measurements of the polarized cosmic microwave ...background (CMB) anisotropies on a degree scale with a series of cryogenic telescopes, of which BICEP Array (BA) is the latest Stage-3 upgrade with a total of
∼
32,000 detectors. The instrument comprises 4 receivers spanning 30–270 GHz, with the low-frequency 30/40 GHz deployed to the South Pole Station in late 2019. The full complement of receivers is forecast to set the most stringent constraints on the tensor-to-scalar ratio
r
. Building on these advances, the overarching small-aperture telescope concept is already being used as the reference for further Stage-4 experiment design. This paper describes the development of the BICEP Array 150 GHz detector module and its fabrication requirements, with highlights on the high-density time division multiplexing (TDM) design of the cryogenic circuit boards. The low-impedance wiring required between the detectors and the first stage of superconducting quantum interference device amplifiers is crucial to maintaining a stable bias current on the detectors. A novel multi-layer FR4 Printed Circuit Board with superconducting traces, capable of reading out up to 648 detectors, is detailed along with its validation tests. An ultra-high-density TDM detector module concept we developed for a CMB-S4-like experiment that allows up to 1920 detectors to be read out is also presented. TDM has been chosen as the detector readout technology for the Cosmic Microwave Background Stage-4 (CMB-S4) experiment based on its proven low-noise performance, predictable costs, and overall maturity of the architecture. The heritage for TDM is rooted in mm- and sub-mm-wave experiments dating back 20 years and has since evolved to support a multiplexing factor of 64x in Stage-3 experiments.
ABSTRACT A linear polarization field on the sphere can be uniquely decomposed into an E-mode and a B-mode component. These two components are analytically defined in terms of spin-2 spherical ...harmonics. Maps that contain filtered modes on a partial sky can also be decomposed into E-mode and B-mode components. However, the lack of full sky information prevents orthogonally separating these components using spherical harmonics. In this paper, we present a technique for decomposing an incomplete map into E and B-mode components using E and B eigenmodes of the pixel covariance in the observed map. This method is found to orthogonally define E and B in the presence of both partial sky coverage and spatial filtering. This method has been applied to the Bicep2 and the Keck Array maps and results in reducing E to B leakage from ΛCDM E-modes to a level corresponding to a tensor-to-scalar ratio of .
TIME is a mm-wavelength grating spectrometer array that will map fluctuations of the 157.7-
μ
m
emission line of singly ionized carbon (CII) during the epoch of reionization (redshift
z
∼
5–9). Sixty ...transition-edge sensor (TES) bolometers populate the output arc of each of the 32 spectrometers, for a total of 1920 detectors. Each bolometer consists of gold absorber on a
∼
3
×
3 mm silicon nitride micro-mesh suspended near the corners by 1
×
1
×
500
μ
m silicon nitride legs targeting a photon-noise-dominated NEP
∼
1
×
10
-
17
W
/
Hz
. Hafnium films are explored as a lower-
T
c
alternative to Ti (500 mK) for TIME TESs, allowing thicker support legs for improved yield. Hf
T
c
is shown to vary between 250 and 450 mK when varying the resident Ar pressure during deposition. Magnetic shielding designs and simulations are presented for the TIME first-stage SQUIDs. Total axial field suppression is predicted to be
5
×
10
7
.
PDF
