The efficacy of cranberry (Vaccinium spp.) as adjuvant therapy in preventing urinary tract infections (UTIs) remains controversial. This study aims to update and determine cranberry effects as ...adjuvant therapy on the recurrence rate of UTIs in susceptible groups. According to PRISMA guidelines, we conducted a literature search in Web of Science, PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and the Cochrane Library from their inception dates to June 2021. We included articles with data on the incidence of UTIs in susceptible populations using cranberry-containing products. We then conducted a trial sequential analysis to control the risk of type I and type II errors. This meta-analysis included 23 trials with 3979 participants. We found that cranberry-based products intake can significantly reduce the incidence of UTIs in susceptible populations (risk ratio (RR) = 0.70; 95% confidence interval(CI): 0.59 ~ 0.83; P<0.01). We identified a relative risk reduction of 32%, 45% and 51% in women with recurrent UTIs (RR = 0.68; 95% CI: 0.56 ~ 0.81), children (RR = 0.55; 95% CI: 0.31 ~ 0.97) and patients using indwelling catheters (RR = 0.49; 95% CI: 0.33 ~ 0.73). Meanwhile, a relative risk reduction of 35% in people who use cranberry juice compared with those who use cranberry capsule or tablet was observed in the subgroup analysis (RR = 0.65; 95% CI: 0.54 ~ 0.77). The TSA result for the effects of cranberry intake and the decreased risk of UTIs in susceptible groups indicated that the effects were conclusive. In conclusion, our meta-analysis demonstrates that cranberry supplementation significantly reduced the risk of developing UTIs in susceptible populations. Cranberry can be considered as adjuvant therapy for preventing UTIs in susceptible populations. However, given the limitations of the included studies in this meta-analysis, the conclusion should be interpreted with caution.
A near-infrared fluorescent probe (DDAB) for highly selective and sensitive detection of carboxylesterase 2 (CE2) has been designed, synthesized, and systematically studied both in vitro and in vivo. ...Upon addition of CE2, the ester bond of DDAB could be rapidly cleaved and then release a near-infrared (NIR) fluorophore DDAO, which brings a remarkable yellow-to-blue color change and strong NIR fluorescence emission in physiological solutions. The newly developed probe exhibits excellent properties including good specificity, ultrahigh sensitivity and high imaging resolution. Moreover, DDAB has been applied to measure the real activities of CE2 in complex biological samples, as well as to screen CE2 inhibitors by using tissue preparations as the enzymes sources. The probe has also been successfully used to detect endogenous CE2 in living cells and in vivo for the first time, and the results demonstrate that such detection is highly reliable. All these prominent features of DDAB make it holds great promise for further investigation on CE2-associated biological process and for exploring the physiological functions of CE2 in living systems.
A colorimetric near-infrared fluorescent probe (DDAB) for highly selective and sensitive detection of carboxylesterase 2 (CE2) has been designed and well-characterized. This newly developed probe can be used for sensing CE2 in living cells and animals, and holds great promise for exploring the biological functions of CE2 in complex biological systems.
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•A near-infrared fluorescent probe for carboxylesterase 2 (CE2) has been designed.•This probe exhibits good specificity, ultrahigh sensitivity, and fast reaction kinetics.•This newly probe can be used for sensing CE2 in living cells and animals.
High‐rate electrochemical CO2‐to‐CO conversion provides a favorable strategy for carbon neutrality. Molecular catalysts, especially those with isolated metal active centers, are known to be the ...efficient CO2‐to‐CO electrocatalysts due to their high selectivity and outstanding instinct activity; however, the controllable scale‐up synthesis and durable utilization at industrial current densities still remain a challenge. Here, it is developed a molecularly dispersed cobalt phthalocyanine loaded on carbon nanotube for high‐current long‐term CO2‐to‐CO electrolysis. The resultant catalyst exhibits a high CO selectivity with a maximum Faradaic efficiency of 97% and performs a current density of −200 mA cm−2 in a flow cell with a TOF of 83.9 s−1, which is among the best of CO‐selective electrocatalysts. With a series of impregnation loading experiments, the process of molecular‐dispersion or aggregation is investigated. In addition, the application of selective and durable electrolysis at a current of 0.25 A is realized up to 38.5 h in a scale‐up MEA configuration. Subsequent characterization shows robust durability closely related to the dispersion of CoPc. This study provides a triumph to catalyze commercial‐scale CO production using molecularly dispersed phthalocyanine electrocatalysts.
A molecularly dispersed cobalt phthalocyanine catalyst is demonstrated to have better stability than the aggregated one in the industrial‐current CO2 electrolysis. In a membrane flow reactor, the molecularly dispersed catalyst serves selective CO2‐to‐CO conversion with long‐term durability at 0.25 A for 38.5 h. This research proves the potential of isolated molecular catalysts for industrial applications.
The polysaccharides extracted from
are thought to have anti-urolithiasis activity in Drosophila kidney stones. This study aimed to assess the effects of different extraction solvents on the yield, ...chemical composition, and bioactivity of polysaccharides from
.
polysaccharides were extracted by using four solutions: hot water, HCl solution, NaOH solution, and 0.1 M NaCl. The results revealed that the extraction solvents significantly influenced the extraction yields, molecular weight distribution, monosaccharide compositions, preliminary structural characteristics, and microstructures of polysaccharides. The NaOH solution's extraction yield was significantly higher than the other extraction methods. Vitro antioxidant activity assays revealed that the NaOH solution extracted exhibited superior scavenging abilities towards DPPH and ABTS radicals and higher FRAP values than other polysaccharides. The vitro assays conducted for calcium oxalate crystallization demonstrated that four polysaccharides exhibited inhibitory effects on the nucleation and aggregation of calcium oxalate crystals, impeded calcium oxalate monohydrate growth, and induced calcium oxalate dihydrate formation. The NaOH solution extracted exhibited the most pronounced inhibition of calcium oxalate crystal nucleation, while the hot water extracted demonstrated the most significant suppression of calcium oxalate crystal aggregation. Therefore, it can be inferred that polysaccharides extracted with NaOH solution exhibited significant potential as a viable approach for extracting polysaccharides from stems due to their superior yield and the remarkable bioactivity of the resulting products.
•Schiff base fluorescent probes with “turn-off” fluorescence mechanism can effectively detect Cu2+ ions.•Probe SY is a fluorescent probe with aggregation induced emission (AIE) characteristics.•Probe ...SY recognizes Cu2+selectively in aqueous solution.•Probe SY can applied to detect Cu2+ in tap water samples.•Probe SY has been good reversibility and recoveries.
A highly selective Schiff-type fluorescent probe (SY) with aggregation-induced emission (AIE) characteristics was synthesized based on salicylaldehyde derivatives. With increasing water content, it exhibits good sensitivity and interference resistance for the detection of Cu2+ in mixed solvents (DMSO/H2O, v/v = 3:2), and uses a fluorescence burst mechanism to rapidly analyze Cu2+ ions in aqueous media with a detection limit as low as 3.98 × 10−8 M, which is well below the permissible standard for Cu2+ (∼20 µM) in drinking water (WHO). Importantly, the probe has been successfully applied to the determination of Cu2+ in real water samples with good reversibility and recoveries ranging from 99.3% to 106.6% in tap water, and can also be used for the detection of Cu2+ ions under 365 nm UV light. In addition, the coordination pattern of the probe with Cu2+ was evaluated by mass spectrometry and working curves, and the stoichiometry of the probe and Cu2+ ions was determined to be 2:1. In addition, density functional theory (DFT) was performed to help understand the electronic nature of SY and Cu2+ complexation and chelation induced quenching mechanism.
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A Schiff-type fluorescent probe (SY) was synthesized based on salicylaldehyde derivatives. It exhibits good selectivity and sensitivity to Cu2+ ions in mixtures of solvents (DMSO/H2O, v/v = 3:2) and has a “off” fluorescence mechanism. The detection limit was 3.98 × 10−8 M−1. Importantly, the coordination pattern of the probe to Cu2+ ions was evaluated by mass spectrometry and working curve, as well as DFT calculation, the stoichiometry of the probe and Cu2+ ions was determined to be 2:1. Additionally, the fluorescent probe may be utilized to detect Cu2+ ions in real water samples.
A multifunctional fluorescent sensor Zn-MOF was successfully prepared by hydrothermal reaction, Zn2+ as node, 1,3,5-tris(1-imidazolyl)-benzene (L) and chiral ligands D(+)-camphoric acid (D-H2cam) as ...linkers. The study of fluorescence properties revealed that it was a multifunctional fluorescence sensor could not only be used to distinguish for HSO4−, but also could be used to detect acidic amino acids (Glu, Asp) and relay determination for basic amino acids (Arg, Lys).
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•A multifunctional fluorescence sensor Zn-MOF is successfully synthesised.•It can be used to detection of HSO4−, acidic amino acids and relay recognition for basic amino acid.•This sensor is fast response, high selectivity, sensitivity, anti-jamming, and recyclability.
A multifunctional fluorescent sensor Zn-MOF was successfully prepared by hydrothermal reaction, Zn2+ as node, 1,3,5-tris(1-imidazolyl)-benzene (L) and chiral ligands D(+)-camphoric acid (D-H2cam) as linkers. It had been characterized by single crystal X-ray diffraction (XRD), powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), circular dichroism (CD), chromaticity coordinates (CIE) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The study of fluorescence properties revealed that the multifunctional fluorescent sensor Zn-MOF exhibited high selectivity and sensitivity to detect HSO4− or glutamate (Glu)/aspartic (Asp) by “Turn Off” the emission. Furthermore, the in situ generated Zn-MOF + Glu/Asp system was used for the relay detection of arginine (Arg)/lysine (Lys) without separation and purification and exhibited a new fluorescence “Turn On” signal under the same conditions. In addition, the sensing process possessed out-standing cost-saving, rapid responsiveness as well as recyclability in aqueous solution.
High‐valence metal‐doped multimetal (oxy)hydroxides outperform noble metal electrocatalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) owing to the modified energetics between 3d metals and high‐valence ...dopants. However, the rational design of sufficient and subtle modulators is still challenging. With a multimetal layered double hydroxide (LDH) as the OER catalyst, this study introduces a series of operando high‐valence dopants (Cr, Ru, Ce, and V), which can restrict the 3+ valence states in the LDH template to prevent phase separation and operando transfer to the >3+ valence states for sufficient electronic interaction during the OER process. Through density functional theory simulations, ultrathin Cr‐doped NiFe (NiFeCr) LDH is synthesized with strong electronic interaction between Cr dopants and NiFe bimetallic sites, evidenced by X‐ray absorption spectroscopy. The resulting NiFeCr‐LDH catalyzes the OER with ultralow overpotentials of 189 and 284 mV, obtaining current densities of 10 and 1000 mA cm–2, respectively. Further, a NiFeCr‐LDH anode is coupled in the anion exchange membrane electrolyzers to promote alkaline water splitting and CO2‐to‐CO electrolysis, which achieves low full cell voltages at high current densities.
Guided by theoretical simulations, ultrathin Cr‐doped NiFe layered double hydroxide (LDH) is synthesized. The resulting NiFeCr‐LDH motivates the oxygen evolution reaction with ultralow overpotentials of 189 and 284 mV to obtain current densities of 10 and 1000 mA cm−2, respectively, and achieves low full‐cell voltages at high current densities for hydrogen production and CO2 electroreduction in anion exchange membrane electrolyzers.
Two-dimensional metal azides LnCo9(Pzc)6(OH)3(N3)11·2(CH3OH)·2H2O n (Ln = Gd for 1 and Dy for 2) have been solvothermally prepared. In 1 and 2, a heptanuclear Ln@Co6 cluster is formed in which a ...nonacoordinate D 3h LnIII ion is encapsulated in a Co6 cage. The heptanuclear Ln@Co6 clusters are linked by disordered Co3(N3)11 units through the connection of the azide to give a 2D metal azide layer. Magnetic studies indicate ferromagnetic magnetic interactions between the ions in 1 and 2.
Two unique immunosensors made of aluminum-based metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), namely, 515- and 516-MOFs, with 4,4',4''-nitrilotribenzoic acid (H3NTB) were successfully obtained to efficiently ...assess food safety. The as-prepared 515- and 516-MOFs exhibited superior thermal and physicochemical stability, high electrochemical activity, and good biocompatibility. Among these immunosensors, 516-MOF showed a preferable biosensing ability toward analytes determined by electrochemical techniques. The developed 516-MOF-based electrochemical biosensor not only demonstrated high sensitivity with low detection limits of 0.70 and 0.40pgmL−1 toward vomitoxin and salbutamol, respectively, but also showed good selectivity in the presence of other interferences. Therefore, with the advantages of high sensitivity, good selectivity, and simple operation, this new strategy is believed to exhibit great potential for simple and convenient detection of poisonous and harmful residues in food.
•Two high-stable Al-MOF-based immunosensors were constructed.•High sensitivity and selectivity of the developed biosensor.•Ultra-sensitively detecting poisonous and harmful residues in food.
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