Introduction: Assessment of specific mRNAs in human samples is useful in characterizing disease. However, mRNA in human stool has been understudied. Methods: We purified fecal RNA from 46 children ...infected with Campylobacter jejuni, Escherichia coli O157:H7, Salmonella spp., or Shigella sonnei and 26 controls, and compared the proportions of IL-1β, IL-8, osteoprotegerin, and calprotectin mRNA between groups using qRT-PCR. We determined the concentrations of calprotectin, IL-8, and osteoprotegerin by enzyme immunoassays in cognate specimens. Results: Compared to controls, infected stools showed increased transcripts of IL-1β, IL-8, and calprotectin. mRNA and protein concentrations correlated for IL-8, but not for calprotectin. Discussion: Stool mRNA quantification offers a potentially useful, noninvasive way to assess inflammation in the gastrointestinal tract, and may be more sensitive than EIA.
There are very few data available on the effects of respiratory protective masks on sleep. This study was to undertaken to investigate the effects of the M-40 protective mask on sleep architecture. ...We asked 21 healthy volunteers (18-35 yr) to participate in a two-night study. During the first night, subjects underwent standard polysomnography without the M40 mask. The second night entailed sleeping while wearing the mask, without the hood. Specific variables measured on each night included sleep stage distribution, time awake, number of awakenings, oxygen saturation, number of apneas and hypopneas, and time to sleep onset. Statistical analysis was performed using a two-tailed, paired t-test for all variables except REM sleep, for which a one-tailed, paired t-test was used. There was a significant difference between mask and non-mask nights when measuring total sleep time, total awake time, percentage of time in REM, and number of awakenings. It is concluded that sleep in the M40 mask is disrupted compared to sleep without the mask, with significant decreases in total sleep time and REM sleep.
Reshaping EDA for power Rabaey, Jam; Sylvester, Dennis; Blaauw, David ...
Annual ACM IEEE Design Automation Conference: Proceedings of the 40th conference on Design automation,
06/2003
Conference Proceeding
Today's rising power densities have been widely cited as the foremost challenge to continued CMOS scaling. In fact, the current power crisis is reminiscent of the final days previous technologies, ...such as the once popular bipolar and NMOS technologies and even vacuum tubes. How CMOS technology will respond to the current power challenge to extend CMOS scaling to sub-90nm technology is an important question for designer and CAD tool developers alike. With aggressive scaling a number of new challenges have arisen, such as leakage control, heat removal and power supply distribution, that need to be addressed using new design techniques in conjunction with new CAD solutions.This panel brings together experts in circuit design and CAD tool development to discuss the current status of low-power design and provide opinions on what new EDA capabilities are most important in the power-constrained design era. For instance, how will power be distributed in a robust fashion in sub-90nm ICs, and what are the critical EDA analysis and optimization capabilities? What are the best techniques for leakage reduction, not only in standby modes, but also in the active mode? And how far will voltage scaling take us in attacking the dynamic power consumption issue? What will a power-centric design flow look like and how will it change the way we design ICs? The objective of the panel is to explore these issues and formulate a list of critical issues that need to be addressed by the EDA community to enable successful scaling of CMOS into the sub-90nm era.
Character Goes Back To School Ferguson, Andrew; Barovick, Harriet; Hylton, Hilary ...
Time (Chicago, Ill.),
05/1999, Letnik:
153, Številka:
20
Magazine Article
As more schools are teaching values, many are asking where the children's parents are. Lessons in virtue and characters that are being integrated into school curricula are discussed.
COMMITTEE REPORTS, 1922-23 Munson, Sarah L.; Price, Franklin H.; Stiles, Gertrude ...
Bulletin of the American Library Association,
07/1923, Letnik:
17, Številka:
4
Journal Article
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