Aim
To test whether the use of short dental implants (6 mm) results in an implant survival rate similar to that with longer implants (11–15 mm) in combination with sinus grafting.
Methods
This ...multicentre study enrolled 101 patients with partial edentulism in the posterior maxilla and a remaining bone height of 5–7 mm. Included patients were randomly assigned to receive short implants (6 mm; GS/group short) or long implants (11–15 mm) simultaneously with sinus grafting (GG/group graft). Six months after implant placement (IP), implants were loaded with single crowns (PR) and patients were re‐examined yearly thereafter. Assessed outcomes included: implant survival, marginal bone level changes (MBL), probing pocket depth (PPD), bleeding on probing (BoP) and plaque accumulation (PCR) during 3 years of loading as well as recording of any adverse effects. In addition to descriptive statistics, statistical analysis has been performed for the two treatment modalities using a non‐parametric approach.
Results
In 101 patients, 137 implants were placed. At the 3‐year follow‐up (FU‐3), 94 patients with 129 implants were re‐examined. The implant survival rate was 100% in both groups. MBL at FU‐3 was 0.45 mm (GG) and 0.44 mm (GS) (p > 0.05). A statistically significant loss of MBL was observed in both GG (−0.43 ± 0.58 mm) and GS (−0.44 ± 0.56 mm) from IP to FU‐3, and from PR to FU‐3 in GG (−0.25 ± 0.58 mm) but not in GS (−0.1 ± 0.54 mm). PCR and BoP at FU‐3 did not show any difference between the groups but for PPD (p = 0.035).
Conclusions
Within the limitations of this study, implants with a length of 6 mm as well as longer implants in combination with a lateral sinus lift may be considered as a treatment option provided a residual ridge height of 5–7 mm in the atrophied posterior maxilla is present.
Objective
This review sought to identify, summarise and critically evaluate studies that investigated attachment amongst individuals with psychosis.
Method
The following computerised databases ...searched were CINAHL < 1980 to December 2012; EMBASE < 1980 to December 2012; Ovid MEDLINE (R) < 1980 to December 2012; PsychINFO < 1980 to December 2012; and Google Scholar < 1980 to December 2012.
Results
We identified 22 papers describing 21 studies comprising 1453 participants, with a mean age of 35.0 years (range of 12–71 years), of whom 68.4% (n = 994) were male. Of our sample, 1112 (76.5%) had a diagnosis of schizophrenia. We found small to moderate associations between greater attachment insecurity (as reflected in anxiety and avoidance) and poorer engagement with services, more interpersonal problems, more avoidant coping strategies, more negative appraisals of parenting experiences and more severe trauma. We also found small to modest associations between attachment insecurity and more positive and negative symptoms and greater affective symptom problems.
Conclusion
Attachment theory may be useful as a means of understanding the developmental and interpersonal basis of recovery and adaptation in the context of psychosis. However, further research comprising more representative samples in their first episode and using prospective designs is required.
Damage to specific brain circuits can cause specific neuropsychiatric symptoms. Therapeutic stimulation to these same circuits may modulate these symptoms. To determine whether these circuits ...converge, we studied depression severity after brain lesions (n = 461, five datasets), transcranial magnetic stimulation (n = 151, four datasets) and deep brain stimulation (n = 101, five datasets). Lesions and stimulation sites most associated with depression severity were connected to a similar brain circuit across all 14 datasets (P < 0.001). Circuits derived from lesions, deep brain stimulation and transcranial magnetic stimulation were similar (P < 0.0005), as were circuits derived from patients with major depression versus other diagnoses (P < 0.001). Connectivity to this circuit predicted out-of-sample antidepressant efficacy of transcranial magnetic stimulation and deep brain stimulation sites (P < 0.0001). In an independent analysis, 29 lesions and 95 stimulation sites converged on a distinct circuit for motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease (P < 0.05). We conclude that lesions, transcranial magnetic stimulation and DBS converge on common brain circuitry that may represent improved neurostimulation targets for depression and other disorders.
Abstract
We derive new empirical scaling relations between Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE) mid-IR (MIR) galaxy photometry and well-determined stellar masses from spectral energy ...distribution modeling of a suite of optical–infrared photometry provided by the Data Release 4 (DR4) Catalog of the GAMA-KiDS-VIKING survey of the southern G23 field. The MIR source extraction and characterization are drawn from the WISE Extended Source Catalogue and the archival ALLWISE catalog, combining both resolved and compact galaxies in the G23 sample to a redshift of 0.15. Three scaling relations are derived: W1 3.4
μ
m luminosity versus stellar mass, and WISE W1–W2, W1–W3 colors versus mass-to-light ratio (
M
/
L
, sensitive to a variety of galaxy types from passive to star-forming). For each galaxy in the sample, we then derive the combined stellar mass from these scaling relations, producing
M
⋆
estimates with better than ∼25%–30% accuracy for galaxies with >10
9
M
⊙
and <40%–50% for lower-luminosity dwarf galaxies. We also provide simple prescriptions for rest-frame corrections and estimating stellar masses using only the W1 flux and the W1–W2 color, making stellar masses more accessible to users of the WISE data. Given a redshift or distance, these new scaling relations will enable stellar mass estimates for any galaxy in the sky detected by WISE with high fidelity across a range of
M
/
L
ratios.
Aim
To compare, clinically and radiographically, short dental implants (6 mm) to long implants (11–15 mm) placed with sinus grafting.
Methods
Participants with 5–7 mm of bone height in the posterior ...maxilla were randomly allocated to receive short implants (GS) or long implants with sinus grafting (GG). Implants were loaded with single crowns 6 months after placement (PR). Patients were re‐evaluated 12 months after loading (FU‐1). Outcome variables included: Implant survival rate (CSR), marginal bone level alteration (MBL), periodontal probing depth (PPD), bleeding on probing (BoP), plaque control record (PCR) and crown‐to‐implant ratios (C/I). Statistical analysis was performed using parametric tests.
Results
In 97 subjects, 132 implants were re‐evaluated at FU‐1. The CSR was 100%. The MBL from implant placement (IP) to (PR) was −0.22 ± 0.4 mm for GG and −0.3 ± 0.45 mm for GS (p < 0.001). MBL from IP to FU‐1 was −0.37 ± 0.59 mm for GG and −0.22 ± 0.3 mm for GS (p < 0.001). Intergroup comparisons showed non‐significant differences for MBL (p > 0.05), PPD (p = 1) and PCR (p = 0.09). BoP was higher in the GS (p = 0.04). The C/I was 0.99 ± 0.17 for GG and 1.86 ± 0.23 for GS (p < 0.001). No correlation was observed between C/I and MBL, (GG: p = 0.13; GS: p = 0.38).
Conclusions
Both treatment modalities provided similar outcomes.
Aim
To compare the implant survival rate between short dental implants and standard length implants placed in combination with bone grafting at 5 years of loading.
Methods
This multicentre study ...enrolled 101 patients (137 implants) with a posterior maxillary bone height of 5–7 mm. Patients randomly received either short implants (6 mm; GS) or long implants (11–15 mm) with sinus grafting (GG). Six months later, implants were loaded with single crowns and patients re‐examined at 1, 3 and 5 years of loading. Outcomes included: implant survival, marginal bone levels (MBLs), biological and technical parameters and patient‐reported outcome measures (OHIP‐49 = Oral Health Impact Profile). Statistical analysis was performed using a non‐parametric approach.
Results
At 5 years, 90 patients (124 implants; GS: 60; GG: 64) were re‐examined (drop‐out rate 10%). Patient‐level implant survival rates were 98.5% (GS; 1 implant failure) and 100% (GG; p = 0.49). Mean MBLs were 0.54 mm ± 0.87 (GS) and 0.46 mm ± 1.00 (GG; p = 0.34). Biological and technical parameters were not significantly different (p > 0.05). Median overall OHIP‐49 scores improved significantly up to 5 years in both groups (GS: p = 0.03; GG: p = 0.00; intergroup comparison p = 0.11).
Conclusions
Both treatment modalities were suitable for implant therapy in the atrophied posterior maxilla revealing no differences in terms of survival rates, marginal bone levels (changes), patient‐reported outcomes and technical/biological complications.
A study was conducted to characterise the composition of nitrogen in urban stormwater in Melbourne, Australia, during baseflows and storm events, and to compare the results with international data. ...Nitrogen in Melbourne stormwater was predominantly dissolved (∼80%), with ammonia the least-abundant form (∼11%).
Concentrations of nitrogen species did not vary significantly between baseflow and storms, although the
proportion of nitrogen in particulate form was higher during storm events (
p
=
0.04
).
Whilst the composition of nitrogen in Melbourne was broadly consistent with international data, the level of dissolved inorganic nitrogen was higher in Melbourne (
μ
=
48
%
during baseflows and 49% during storms) than in the international literature (
μ
=
29
%
). Limitations in the international dataset precluded comparison of total dissolved nitrogen.
The results have implications for stormwater management. Whilst nitrogen species concentrations are variable, they are not strongly related to flow conditions, so treatment systems must be designed to cope with stochastic inflow concentrations at all times. To optimise their performance, stormwater treatments should be designed to improve dissolved nitrogen removal. Further research is needed to improve the ability of treatment systems to achieve this aim.
We present a detailed study of the Faraday depth structure of four bright (>1 Jy), strongly polarized, unresolved radio-loud quasars. The Australia Telescope Compact Array (ATCA) was used to observe ...these sources with 2 GHz of instantaneous bandwidth from 1.1 to 3.1 GHz. This allowed us to spectrally resolve the polarization structure of spatially unresolved radio sources, and by fitting various Faraday rotation models to the data, we conclusively demonstrate that two of the sources cannot be described by a simple rotation measure (RM) component modified by depolarization from a foreground Faraday screen. Our results have important implications for using background extragalactic radio sources as probes of the Galactic and intergalactic magneto-ionic media as we show how RM estimations from narrow-bandwidth observations can give erroneous results in the presence of multiple interfering Faraday components. We postulate that the additional RM components arise from polarized structure in the compact inner regions of the radio source itself and not from polarized emission from galactic or intergalactic foreground regions. We further suggest that this may contribute significantly to any RM time variability seen in RM studies on these angular scales. Follow-up, high-sensitivity very long baseline interferometry (VLBI) observations of these sources will directly test our predictions.
A distributed sensor system for detecting and locating intruders based on the phase-sensitive optical-time-domain reflectometer (/spl phi/-OTDR) is described. The sensing element is a cabled ...single-mode telecommunications fiber buried along the monitored perimeter. Light pulses from a continuous-wave Er:fiber Fabry-Pe/spl acute/rot laser with a narrow (/spl ap/3 kHz) instantaneous linewidth and low (few kilohertz per second) frequency drift are injected into one end of the fiber, and the backscattered light is monitored with a photodetector. The effect of phase changes resulting from the pressure of the intruder on the ground immediately above the buried fiber are sensed by subtracting a /spl phi/-OTDR trace from an earlier stored trace. In laboratory tests with fiber on reels, the effects of localized phase perturbations induced by a piezoelectric fiber stretcher on /spl phi/-OTDR traces were observed. In field tests, people walking on the ground above a buried fiber cable induced phase shifts of several-/spl pi/ radians.
Antimalarial drug resistance is a major constraint for malaria control and elimination efforts. Artemisinin-based combination therapy is now the mainstay for malaria treatment. However, delayed ...parasite clearance following treatment with artemisinin derivatives has now spread in the Greater Mekong Sub region and may emerge or spread to other malaria endemic regions. This spread is of great concern for malaria control programmes, as no alternatives to artemisinin-based combination therapies are expected to be available in the near future. There is a need to strengthen surveillance systems for early detection and response to the antimalarial drug resistance threat. Current surveillance is mainly done through therapeutic efficacy studies; however these studies are complex and both time- and resource-intensive. For multiple common antimalarials, parasite drug resistance has been correlated with specific genetic mutations, and the molecular markers associated with antimalarial drug resistance offer a simple and powerful tool to monitor the emergence and spread of resistant parasites. Different techniques to analyse molecular markers associated with antimalarial drug resistance are available, each with advantages and disadvantages. However, procedures are not adequately harmonized to facilitate comparisons between sites. Here we describe the target product profiles for tests to analyse molecular markers associated with antimalarial drug resistance, discuss how use of current techniques can be standardised, and identify the requirements for an ideal product that would allow malaria endemic countries to provide useful spatial and temporal information on the spread of resistance.
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