The relationship between asthma and epilepsy in observational studies is controversial. The purpose of this Mendelian randomization (MR) study is to investigate whether asthma causally contributes to ...epilepsy susceptibility.
Independent genetic variants strongly (P<5E-08) associated with asthma were from a recent meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies on 408,442 participants. Two independent summary statistics of epilepsy obtained from the International League Against Epilepsy Consortium (ILAEC, Ncases=15,212, and Ncontrols=29,677) and FinnGen Consortium (Ncases=6,260 and Ncontrols=176,107) were used in the discovery and replication stage, respectively. Several sensitivity analyses and heterogeneity analyses were further conducted to assess the stability of the estimates.
Using the inverse-variance weighted approach, genetic predisposition to asthma was associated with an elevated risk of epilepsy in the discovery stage (ILAEC: odds ratio OR=1.112, 95% confidence intervals CI= 1.023-1.209,
= 0.012), but not verified in the replication stage (FinnGen: OR=1.021, 95%CI= 0.896-1.163,
=0.753). However, a further meta-analysis of both ILAEC and FinnGen showed a similar result (OR=1.085, 95% CI: 1.012-1.164,
= 0.022). There were no causal associations between the age onset of asthma and epilepsy. Sensitivity analyses yielded consistent causal estimates.
The present MR study suggests that asthma is associated with an increased risk of epilepsy independent of the age onset of asthma. Further studies are warranted to explain the underlying mechanisms of this association.
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•Shuikoushan and Xihuashan plutons intruded at 158.8 Ma and 155.6 Ma, respectively.•The two plutons likely generated from different crustal level.•Oxidized and reduced magmas related ...to Cu-Pb-Zn and W deposits, respectively.•Magmatic origin and evolution controlled diverse granitoid-related mineralization.
The Nanling Range, South China, was world-famous for hosting abundant granitoid-related copper-lead-zinc (Cu-Pb-Zn) polymetallic ore deposits and quartz vein-type wolframite (W) ore deposits, both of which have roughly similar formation ages predominately between 150 and 160 Ma with a peak of ca. 156 Ma. In this study, accessory minerals from typical Cu-Pb-Zn-bearing and W-bearing granitic rocks are compared in terms of elemental and isotopic compositions. Apatite from W-bearing granites in the Xihuashan pluton has lower εNd(t) value (−11.9 to −8.6) than that from Cu-Pb-Zn-bearing granitic rocks in Shuikoushan with εNd(t) value of −8.7 to −4.2 and initial 87Sr/86Sr ratio of 0.7097–0.7109. Zircon grains in Xihuashan, yielded εHf(t) value from −14.9 to −11.4, δ18O value from 8.6‰ to 10.4‰, and highly variable and negative δ7Li value (−45.8‰ to −3.8‰), whereas those in Shuikoushan have relatively higher εHf(t) value (−10.6 to −8.1), lower δ18O value (8.4‰–9.7‰), and highly variable δ7Li values from −12.7‰ to +17.6‰. In situ Hf-O-Li isotopic compositions of zircon and Sr-Nd isotopes of apatite, suggesting that the Shuikoushan granitic pluton was likely generated from dehydration melting of amphibolite from a metal-fertile mafic source in the middle-to-lower crust, whereas the Xihuashan granitic pluton could be derived from partial melting of metapelite with minor amphibolite in the middle to upper crust. The geochemical records in accessory minerals fingerprint that the Shuikoushan granitic magma was characterized by high Cl content (0.11–1.44 wt%) and logfo2 value (>ΔFMQ+1), whereas the Xihuashan granitic magma have elevated F (3.51–4.80 wt%) and Li (3.49–42.4 ppm) contents with low logfo2 value (<FMQ+0), which suggested moderately oxidized magmas with high Cl contents are in favor of the formation of magmatic-hydrothermal Cu-Pb-Zn deposits, whereas weakly reduced magmas with high F and Li contents could be involved in the formation of the quartz vein-type wolframite deposits. In conclusion, different source rocks and magmatic evolution processes are the key to the understanding of the Jurassic diverse granitoid-related mineralization in the Nanling Range.
Rational assembly of unique branched heterostructures is one of the facile techniques to improve the electrochemical figure of merit of materials. By taking advantages of hydrogen bubbles dynamic ...template, hydrothermal method and electrochemical polymerization, branched polypyrrole (PPy) nanoleaves decorated honeycomb-like hematite nanoflakes (core-branch Fe2O3@PPy) are fabricated. X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), high-resolution TEM, and scanning transmission electron microscopy in high angle annular dark field mode with electron energy loss spectroscopy were combined to elucidate the mechanisms underlying formation and morphogenesis evolution of core-branch Fe2O3@PPy heterostructures. Benefiting from the stability of honeycomb-like hematite nanoflakes and the high conductivity of PPy nanoleaves, the resultant core-branch Fe2O3@PPy exhibits an ultrahigh capacitance of 1167.8Fg−1 at 1Ag−1 in 0.5M Na2SO4 aqueous solution. Moreover, the assembled bi-metal oxides asymmetric supercapacitor (Fe2O3@PPy//MnO2) gives rise to a maximum energy density of 42.4Whkg−1 and a maximum power density of 19.14kWkg−1 with an excellent cycling performance of 97.1% retention after 3000 cycles at 3Ag−1. These performance features are superior than previous reported iron oxide/hydroxides based supercapacitors, offering an important guideline for future design of advanced next-generation supercapacitors.
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•3D honeycomb-like hematite nanoflakes/branched polypyrrole nanoleaves heterostructures are fabricated.•Various techniques are combined to elucidate the mechanisms underlying formation and morphogenesis evolution of core-branch Fe2O3@PPy heterostructures.•The core-branch heterostructures facilitate the synergy of inorganic metal oxides and conductive polymers.•The optimized core-branch Fe2O3@PPy electrode works as negative electrode and exhibits an ultrahigh capacitance of 1167.8Fg−1 at 1Ag−1.
Lung cancer, recognized globally as a leading cause of malignancy-associated morbidity and mortality, is marked by its high prevalence and lethality, garnering extensive attention within the medical ...community. Mitophagy is a critical cellular process that plays a crucial role in regulating metabolism and ensuring quality control within cells. Its relevance to lung cancer has garnered significant attention among researchers and scientists. Mitophagy’s involvement in lung cancer encompasses its initiation, progression, metastatic dissemination and treatment. The regulatory landscape of mitophagy is complex, involving numerous signaling proteins and pathways that may exhibit aberrant alterations or mutations within the tumor environment. In the field of treatment, the regulation of mitophagy is considered key to determining cancer chemotherapy, radiation therapy, other treatment options, and drug resistance. Contemporary investigations are directed towards harnessing mitophagy modulators, both inhibitors and activators, in therapeutic strategies, with an emphasis on achieving specificity to minimize collateral damage to healthy cellular populations. Furthermore, molecular constituents and pathways affiliated with mitophagy, serving as potential biomarkers, offer promising avenues for enhancing diagnostic accuracy, prognostic assessment, and prediction of therapeutic responses in lung cancer. Future endeavors will also involve investigating the impact of mitophagy on the composition and function of immune cells within the tumor microenvironment, aiming to enhance our understanding of how mitophagy modulates the immune response to lung cancer. This review aims to comprehensively overview recent advancements about the role of mitophagy in the tumor genesis, progenesis and metastasis, and the impact of mitophagy on the treatment of lung cancer. We also discussed the future research direction of mitophagy in the field of lung cancer.
The effectiveness of multi-instance learning (MIL) has been demonstrated by its wide spectrum of applications in computer vision, biometrics, and natural language processing. Recently, solving MIL ...problems using deep neural networks has proven to be highly effective. However, in current multi-instance neural networks, the feature representation of each bag is learned individually, and the relations between bags are not considered. In this study, we propose a novel neural network for MIL that emphasizes modeling the affinities between bags. It achieves a more effective bag representation than previous methods. Specifically, a bag with multiple instances is modeled by its similarity to other bags, and the similarity calculation is carried out in a novel neural network, termed the bag similarity network (BSN). Training the BSN involves two representation learning problems: instance feature learning and bag similarity learning. To avoid the complex interdependence of these problems, we decouple the BSN training process by first training an instance feature learning network, and then construct a bag similarity network, each of which is optimized end-to-end by back-propagation. Experiments are conducted to demonstrate clearly the advantage of the proposed method over other state-of-the-art methods on various MIL datasets.
The C3H6 formation rate of γ/δ,-Al2O3 catalyst is in line with the concentration of oxygen vacancies. The coordinatively unsaturated Al-O Lewis acid−base pairs close to oxygen vacancy are responsible ...for the propane dehydrogenation.
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•The surface oxygen vacancy amount of Al2O3 can be controlled by CO reduction.•The r(C3H6) of γ/δ-Al2O3 is in line with the concentration of oxygen vacancies.•The consumption of lattice oxygen forms (Alcus-O) pairs for propane dehydrogenation.•The different Alcus-O pairs tune the adsorption energy and the barriers of key steps.
Recently, the coordinatively unsaturated metal-O Lewis acid-base pairs of metal oxides are found to be able to activate the C–H bond of light alkane efficiently. For the inert crystal Al2O3, we found that the surface oxygen vacancy amount of Al2O3 can be controlled by pretreatment of CO reduction, and the nearby coordinatively unsaturated Al-O (Alcu-O) pairs can effectively catalyze propane dehydrogenation (PDH). The C3H6 formation rate of γ/δ-Al2O3 is in line with the concentration of oxygen vacancies. The experiments and DFT calculations illuminate the importance of oxygen vacancy on the surface of Al2O3 for PDH reaction. The consumption of lattice oxygen reduces the one coordination number of the bonding Al, the formed Alcu-O as defective acid-base pairs, can be an effective way to tune the adsorption energy of the intermediates and the barriers of key steps (the first CH activation and H2 formation) to enhance the performance of PDH through both site-dependent concerted and stepwise mechanisms.
Buddleja officinalis Maxim. (B. officinalis), commonly known as “Menghua” “Yangerduo” is a widely recognized traditional herbal medicine in China, Korea, and Vietnam. For thousands of years, it has ...been used to treat dry eye disease, conjunctivitis, keratitis, eye ulcers, eye pain, cough, asthma, hemoptysis, and other medical conditions.
This review article aims to provide a concise summary of the botany, ethnopharmacology, phytochemistry, pharmacology, medicinal potential, and application of B. officinalis in treating ophthalmic diseases and critically evaluates the existing literature to establish a scientific basis for its reasonable utilization and further investigation.
The information reviewed in this study was collected from various electronic resources, including the Web of Science, PubMed, and Google Scholar.
To date, 80 structurally diverse compounds have been isolated and characterized from B. officinalis, primarily flavonoids, phenylethanoids, triterpenoids, and monoterpenes. Extracts and compounds derived from B. officinalis have been reported to possess broad pharmacological effects including anti-dry eye disease, anti-inflammation, anti-oxidation, anti-diabetes, anti-obesity, improving osteoporosis and treatment of skin diseases. This review provides a reference for the future studies on of B. officinalis.
As a natural medicinal plant, B. officinalis is worthy of further development in botany, ethnopharmacology, phytochemistry, pharmacology, and therapeutic potential for ophthalmic diseases. Although some components have demonstrated multiple pharmacological activities, their mechanisms of action remain unclear. Further studies on the underlying molecular basis and mechanism of action are warranted.
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•B. officinalis is a common natural medicinal plant with multiple therapeutic effects.•The phytochemical compositions of B. officinalis have various biological activities.•B. officinalis has great potential to treat dry eye diseases.
Sustainable electrocatalysis of the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) constitutes a major challenge for the realization of green fuels. Oxides based on Ni and Fe in alkaline media have been proposed to ...avoid using critical raw materials. However, their ill‐defined structures under OER conditions make the identification of key descriptors difficult. Here, we have studied Fe−Ni−Zn spinel oxides, with a well‐defined crystal structure, as a platform to obtain general understanding on the key contributions. The OER reaches maximum performance when: (i) Zn is present in the Spinel structure, (ii) very dense, equimolar 1 : 1 : 1 stoichiometry sites appear on the surface as they allow the formation of oxygen vacancies where Zn favors pushing the electronic density that is pulled by the octahedral Fe and tetrahedral Ni redox pair lowering the overpotential. Our work proves cooperative electronic effects on surface active sites as key to design optimum OER electrocatalysts.
Controlling activity by doping: Earth‐abundant materials, typically iron oxide phases (spinels) show only a moderate performance in basic media. In this report, with synergy between theory and experimental work, we demonstrate high performance of Zn,Ni‐doped ferrite, proving that cooperative electronic effects at surface‐ and active‐sites are key to designing outstanding OER catalyst.
The three-section mechanism is a typical mechanism of large-scale rockslides. Such rockslides are typically characterized by sudden instability and can cause many casualties and considerable economic ...losses due to their high-speed and long-distance runout. Their evolutionary process is closely related to the development of the tension crack at the trailing edge and the sudden brittle failure of the locked section. In this study, the curved failure path of the locked section was verified by means of the numerical simulation conducted using PFC
2D
. On the basis of that, the critical threshold of the tension crack depth for slope instability was derived based on the limit equilibrium state determined using the vector sum method, and this threshold was then verified through application in a case study. The results show that the critical tension crack depth threshold is not only related to the slope height but also closely related to other geometric and mechanical parameters of the slope. In addition, the case study shows that the result calculated using the methodology proposed in this paper is more accurate than that obtained from the previous empirical equation. Hence, the outcomes of this study are significant for improving stability analyses, instability prediction, and the early warning of instability for such rockslides.
