Ribbon roads are typical and important geospatial features. In this paper, we proposed a model-based method for extracting ribbon road features from remotely sensed imagery. Firstly, by analysing the ...perpendicular profiles along the road direction, we use binary profile template matching along the crossing-directions to obtain the coarse candidate road centre points. After tracing the curve segments and analysing the perpendicular profiles, the width of the road ribbons and their lateral sides and the accurate centrelines are located. Secondly, a quantitative ribbon road model, which integrates the geometry and radiometry characteristics, is deployed to verify each extracted road segment. The coarse-to-fine method makes use of an explicit road profile model and overcomes the negative influences of asymmetrical lateral contrast and width variation. Finally, the model-based verification enables more reliable sequential processing, such as perceptual grouping. We have conducted extensive experiments on verifying the algorithm. It has been demonstrated that the developed method is highly reliable for automatic detection of the typical ribbon road features from imagery.
The Biomolecular Interaction Network Database (BIND) (http://bind.ca) archives biomolecular interaction, reaction, complex and pathway information. Our aim is to curate the details about molecular ...interactions that arise from published experimental research and to provide this information, as well as tools to enable data analysis, freely to researchers worldwide. BIND data are curated into a comprehensive machine-readable archive of computable information and provides users with methods to discover interactions and molecular mechanisms. BIND has worked to develop new methods for visualization that amplify the underlying annotation of genes and proteins to facilitate the study of molecular interaction networks. BIND has maintained an open database policy since its inception in 1999. Data growth has proceeded at a tremendous rate, approaching over 100 000 records. New services provided include a new BIND Query and Submission interface, a Standard Object Access Protocol service and the Small Molecule Interaction Database (http://smid.blueprint.org) that allows users to determine probable small molecule binding sites of new sequences and examine conserved binding residues.
An attenuated Plasmodium falciparum (Pf) sporozoite (SPZ) vaccine, PfSPZ Vaccine, is highly protective against controlled human malaria infection (CHMI) 3 weeks after immunization, but the durability ...of protection is unknown. We assessed how vaccine dosage, regimen, and route of administration affected durable protection in malaria-naive adults. After four intravenous immunizations with 2.7 × 10(5) PfSPZ, 6/11 (55%) vaccinated subjects remained without parasitemia following CHMI 21 weeks after immunization. Five non-parasitemic subjects from this dosage group underwent repeat CHMI at 59 weeks, and none developed parasitemia. Although Pf-specific serum antibody levels correlated with protection up to 21-25 weeks after immunization, antibody levels waned substantially by 59 weeks. Pf-specific T cell responses also declined in blood by 59 weeks. To determine whether T cell responses in blood reflected responses in liver, we vaccinated nonhuman primates with PfSPZ Vaccine. Pf-specific interferon-γ-producing CD8 T cells were present at ∼100-fold higher frequencies in liver than in blood. Our findings suggest that PfSPZ Vaccine conferred durable protection to malaria through long-lived tissue-resident T cells and that administration of higher doses may further enhance protection.
We generated mice with a null mutation of the forebrain-restricted transcription factor BF-1 to examine its function in brain development. Heterozygous animals have an apparently normal phenotype. ...Homozygous null BF-1 mutants die at birth and have a dramatic reduction in the size of the cerebral hemispheres. The development of the ventral telencephalon is more severely affected than that of the dorsal telencephalon. Telencephalic neuroepithelial cells are specified in the BF-1 mutant, but their proliferation is reduced. Dorsal telencephalic neuroepithelial cells also differentiate prematurely, leading to early depletion of the progenitor population. These results suggest that BF-1 controls the morphogenesis of the telencephalon by regulating the rate of neuroepithelial cell proliferation and the timing of neuronal differentiation.
We introduce Ego4D, a massive-scale egocentric video dataset and benchmark suite. It offers 3,670 hours of dailylife activity video spanning hundreds of scenarios (household, outdoor, workplace, ...leisure, etc.) captured by 931 unique camera wearers from 74 worldwide locations and 9 different countries. The approach to collection is designed to uphold rigorous privacy and ethics standards, with consenting participants and robust de-identification procedures where relevant. Ego4D dramatically expands the volume of diverse egocentric video footage publicly available to the research community. Portions of the video are accompanied by audio, 3D meshes of the environment, eye gaze, stereo, and/or synchronized videos from multiple egocentric cameras at the same event. Furthermore, we present a host of new benchmark challenges centered around understanding the first-person visual experience in the past (querying an episodic memory), present (analyzing hand-object manipulation, audio-visual conversation, and social interactions), and future (forecasting activities). By publicly sharing this massive annotated dataset and benchmark suite, we aim to push the frontier of first-person perception. Project page: https://ego4d-data.org/
In this work, the activities of radionuclides in a marine sediment sample have been determined. The gamma spectrometer comprises an N type coaxial HPGe detector with active shielding to reduce cosmic ...background. The mass activities of radionuclides have been derived and found to be around a few Bq
kg
−1 to several hundreds Bq
kg
−1 with relative uncertainties in this paper quoted corresponding to the combined standard uncertainties (
k
=
1).
Poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) composite films using poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) (PVP) and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)-covered, well dispersed single wall carbon nanotubes (SWNT) exhibit significant ...improvement in tensile strength and modulus as compared to the control PVA and PVA/PVP/SDS films. The evidence of load transfer to the nanotubes in the composite film has been obtained from the shift in the Raman SWNT D* band peak position.
Structural changes induced by 2.5 MeV proton beam in zeolite 4A were studied at fluences of 1.10 super(16), 8.10 super(16) and 2.10 super(17) ion/cm super(2). Positron lifetime (LT) measurements were ...performed in vacuum after a heat treatment to remove the water from samples. X-ray diffraction method (XRD) was also applied to determine the changes in the crystallinity of zeolite. Gradual transformation of the crystalline structure to amorphous one can be observed in dependence of the implanted doses. Combination of LT and XRD provides a consistent view on structural effects induced by H super(+) beam in zeolite 4A.
Multiple‐wavelength distributed‐feedback lasers are made from multilayered composites by utilizing the solution‐processing ease of cadmium selenide semiconductor nanocrystals and soft lithography. ...The Figure shows three types of emission obtained from such structures across a wide range of the visible spectrum: fluorescence (dotted lines), amplified spontaneous emission (dashed lines), and feedback‐induced lasing (solid lines).
The constitutive activation of nuclear factor κB (NFκB) helps a variety of tumors to resist apoptosis and desensitizes them to chemotherapy, but the causes are still largely unknown. We have analysed ...this phenomenon in eight mutant cell lines derived from human 293 cells, selected for NFκB-dependent expression of a marker gene, and also in seven tumor-derived cell lines. Conditioned media from all of these cells stimulated the activation of NFκB (up to 30-fold) in indicator cells carrying an NFκB-responsive reporter. Therefore, secretion of extracellular factors as the cause of constitutive activation seems to be general. The mRNAs encoding several different cytokines and growth factors were greatly overexpressed in the tumor and mutant cells. The pattern of overexpression was distinct in each cell line, indicating that the phenomenon is complex. Two secreted factors whose roles in the constitutive activation of NFκB are not well defined were investigated further as pure proteins: transforming growth factor β2 (TGFβ2) and fibroblast growth factor 5 (FGF5) were both highly expressed in some mutant clones and tumor cell lines, each activated NFκB alone, and the combination was synergistic. Our data indicate that a group of different factors, expressed at abnormally high levels, can contribute singly and synergistically to the constitutive activation of NFκB in all of the mutant and tumor cell lines we studied. Since several NFκB target genes encode secreted proteins that induce NFκB, autocrine loops are likely to be ubiquitously important in the constitutive activation of NFκB in cancer. We provide the first evidence of the general, complex, and synergistic activation of NFκB in tumor and mutant cell lines through the action of secreted factors and suggest that the same explanation is likely for the constitutive activation of NFκB in cancers.
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