Advanced elastomers are increasingly used in emerging areas, for example, flexible electronics and devices, and these real‐world applications often require elastomers to be stretchable, tough and ...fire safe. However, to date there are few successes in achieving such a performance portfolio due to their different governing mechanisms. Herein, a stretchable, supertough, and self‐extinguishing polyurethane elastomers by introducing dynamic π–π stacking motifs and phosphorus‐containing moieties are reported. The resultant elastomer shows a large break strain of ≈2260% and a record‐high toughness (ca. 460 MJ m−3), which arises from its dynamic microphase‐separated microstructure resulting in increased entropic elasticity, and strain‐hardening at large strains. The elastomer also exhibits a self‐extinguishing ability thanks to the presence of both phosphorus‐containing units and π–π stacking interactions. Its promising applications as a reliable yet recyclable substrate for strain sensors are demonstrated. The work will help to expedite next‐generation sustainable advanced elastomers for flexible electronics and devices applications.
By introducing well‐designed dynamic π–π stacking motifs and phosphorus‐containing moieties, a mechanically strong, supertough and fire retardant polyurethane elastomer is developed, demonstrating a high tensile strength of ≈57 MPa, a large break strain of ≈2260%, a record‐high toughness (ca. 460 ±15 MJ m−3) and a self‐extinguishing ability, which hold great promise for flexible electronics and devices applications.
All‐solid‐state lithium metal batteries (ASSLMBs) are becoming the crucial energy‐storage candidate in achieving both theoretical capacity and safety guarantee. However, the inherent defects of solid ...electrolytes (SEs) (low ionic conductivity, lack of mechanical properties, weak antioxidant capacity, etc.) and the existence of interfacial issues between electrodes (cathode/electrolyte interface and anode/electrolyte interface) hinder further practical application. To overcome these problems, many approaches have been developed, such as composite solid electrolytes, interfacial coatings, electrolyte additives, etc. Among them, fluorides and its derivatives with good chemical stability are generally believed as one of the significant materials for stabilizing ASSLMBs. In this article, the progress of fluorinated strategies in ASSLMBs is summarized from the aspects of fluorinated SEs and fluorinated interfaces. Meanwhile, the enhanced mechanisms of fluorinated strategies are emphasized from the microscopic view of the nanostructures evolution based on the discussion of emerging analysis technologies such as cryogenic transmission electron microscopy. The progress of future fluorinated strategies is prospected, and this review may thus instruct the rational design of high performance ASSLMBs.
Herein, the design concept and the corresponding function mechanisms of fluorinated strategies in solid‐state lithium metal batteries from two aspects, fluorinated solid electrolytes and fluorinated interfaces, are discussed. Meanwhile, the enhanced mechanisms of fluorinated strategies are emphasized from the microscopic view of nanostructures evolution based on the discussion of emerging analysis technology.
Two kinds of aluminum borate nanowires, Al4B2O9 and Al18B4O33, were successfully synthesized by a one-step combustion method through control of the Al:B atomic ratio and synthesis temperature. Both ...nanowires are single crystalline but have distinguishing growth habits. Nanoindentation tests were performed directly on individual nanowires to reveal their mechanical properties. A 70% reduction in elastic modulus was found in Al18B4O33 nanowires compared with their bulk counterpart. Al18B4O33 nanowires exhibited higher hardness and elastic modulus than Al4B2O9 nanowires.
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► Various morphologies of Bi2WO6 are synthesized via a simple hydrothermal route without surfactant and template. ► The samples with hierarchical structure assembled of many ...nanosheets. ► The fluffy microsphere-like sample exhibits excellent photodegradation efficiency (99% in 20min).
Bismuth tungstate (Bi2WO6) has attracted great research interest as an important visible-light-responsive photocatalyst. In this paper, we report a facile hydrothermal route for the shape-controlled synthesis of micro/nanostructured Bi2WO6, without adding surfactants or templates. The results show that various morphologies of Bi2WO6 including coralloid spherical particles, packed nanosheets, fluffy microspheres, and plates can be obtained by adjusting the pH values of the precursors. The as-prepared porous fluffy microspheres with a hierarchical architecture synthesized at pH 8 exhibit the highest photocatalytic activity for the degradation of Rhodamine (RhB) under visible light irradiation. The photodegradation efficiency reaches as high as 99% within 20min irradiation. This enhanced photocatalytic activity can be attributed to the unique porous structure and high BET surface area of fluffy microspheres with hierarchical architecture.
•Crystalline LMP with discontinuous distribution is decorated on the surface of LMCN.•LMP enhances the structural and cyclic stability of LMP-LMCN.•Voltage decay is suppressed by the surface ...modification of LMP.•An appropriate content of LMP improves the high-rate capacity of LMP-LMCN.
Li-rich layered oxides with high specific capacity are considered as the next generation cathode materials for advanced Li-ion batteries. However, the large initial irreversible capacity loss, inferior cycling stability and fast voltage decay still remain to be overcome before large-scale practical applications. In this work, inspired by LiMnPO4 with superior thermal and chemical stabilities and high redox potential, we design and fabricate a series of LMnPO4-modified LiLi0.2Mn0.534Co0.133Ni0.133O2 composites. Among them, LiLi0.2Mn0.534Co0.133Ni0.133O2 modified with 5wt.% LiMnPO4 (LMP5-LMCN) sample presents remarkable electrochemical properties with high initial discharge capacity of 292mAhg−1 and good capacity retention of 78.65% after 100 cycles at current density of 30mAg−1. The effects of LiMnPO4 as the surface modification layer on the electrochemical performance of LiLi0.2Mn0.534Co0.133Ni0.133O2 are systematically investigated. Our results demonstrate that the appropriate LiMnPO4 surface modification could not only enhance the structural stability, but also greatly suppress the voltage fading, which is beneficial to improve the cycling stability and rate capability of Li-rich layered oxides.
NbC nanowires (NWs) have been successfully synthesized by a bamboo-based carbon-thermal method and used as potential platinum catalyst support for direct methanol fuel cells (DMFCs). The NbC NWs show ...a highly oriented growth behavior, high electrical conductivity, and outstanding oxidation resistance. Well-deposited platinum (Pt) nanoparticles with the average size of about 6 nm were highly dispersed on the surface of the NbC NWs via sodium borohydride reduction method. Compared with conventional Pt/C (Vulcan XC-72) catalyst, the Pt/NbC NWs catalyst presented a distinctly enhanced methanol oxidation reaction (MOR) by a negative shift in the onset potential and an increase of the peak current density. Meanwhile, the Pt/NbC NW catalyst showed excellent electrochemical stability, which could be attributed to little change of electrochemical surface area during methanol oxidation. On the basis of these intrinsic properties and one-dimensional nanoarchitecture, the NbC NWs will be attractive as a promising catalyst support in DMFCs.
Necklace‐like nanostructures with SiOx beads on boron strings are self‐assembled via a facile environment‐friendly method at atmospheric pressure. The electrical conductivity of the boron string is a ...thousand times higher than that of bulk boron. Due to the unique mechanical interlocking between beads and epoxy matrix, the reinforcement effect of the nanonecklaces in epoxy is better than normal carbon nanotubes. B/SiOx nanonecklaces are expected to exhibit unique electrical and mechanical properties for constructing nanodevices and nanocomposites.
A chemical vapor infiltration (CVI) technique was used to overcome most of the challenges involved in fabricating exceptionally-tough CNT/SiC composites. Nanotube pullout and sequential breaking and ...slippage of the walls of the CNTs during failure were consistently observed for all fractured CNT/SiC samples. These energy absorbing mechanisms result in the fracture strength of the CNT/SiC composites about an order of magnitude higher than the bulk SiC. The CVI-fabricated CNT/SiC composites have an strongly-bonded tube/matrix interface and an amorphous, crack-free SiC matrix, enabling the composites to withstand oxidization at 700–1600
°C in air.
