Abstract “Nanicão Corupá” (Musa acuminata) comes from Southern Brazil. The tropical climate in the region provides unique characteristics, including a sweeter flavor. This difference resulted in a ...Geographical Indication Recognition and Designation of Origin, recognized by the National Institute of Industrial Property (INPI) in Brazil. Considering that “Nanicão Corupá” has some peculiarities related to the climate and there are no studies evaluating this banana cultivars, the purpose of the present study was to investigate the qualitative and quantitative phenolic composition of the aerial parts of “Nanicão Corupá” by HPLC-ESI-MS/MS in comparison to 46 commercial standards of phenolic compounds. Aerial parts (flower, leaves, fruit and stem) of “Nanicão Corupá” were collected and macerated in methanolic extracts, which were partitioned with solvents of different polarities (dichloromethane and ethyl acetate). The HPLC-ESI-MS/MS analysis was performed using the sample pre-treatment, chromatographic and mass spectrometer parameters. Results demonstrated that a total of 11 phenolic compounds were identified in the analyzed samples. The majority of compounds was identified in the ethyl acetate fraction (BFEF) of banana flowers: rutin (36.06 ± 0.23) and isoquercetin (28.83 ± 5). The compounds isoquercetin, naringerin and myricitrin were identified for the first time in the Musa genus.
Resumo O “Nanicão Corupá” (Musa acuminata) é proveniente do sul do Brasil. Em função do clima tropical na região a banana apresenta características diferenciadas incluindo o sabor mais doce. Essa diferença resultou em um Reconhecimento de Indicação Geográfica e Denominação de Origem, reconhecido pelo Instituto Nacional de Propriedade Industrial (INPI) no Brasil. Considerando que o Nanicão Corupá possui importantes peculiaridades e que não existem estudos que avaliaram este cultivar, o objetivo do presente estudo foi investigar a composição fenólica qualitativa e quantitativa das partes aéreas da banana (flores, folhas, frutos e caule) de Corupá por HPLC-ESI-MS/MS em comparação com 46 padrões de compostos fenólicos. As partes aéreas de Nanicão Corupá foram coletados e macerados em metanol, separadamente. Os extratos obtidos foram particionados com solventes de diferentes polaridades (diclorometano e acetato de etila). Os resultados demonstraram que um total de 11 compostos fenólicos foram identificados nas amostras analisadas. Os compostos majoritários foram identificados na fração de acetato de etila das flores de banana (BFEF): rutina (36,06 ± 0,23) e isoquercetina (28,83 ± 5). Os compostos Isoquercetina, Naringerina e Micricitrina foram identificados pela primeira vez no gênero Musa. Este é o primeiro estudo que identificou compostos fenólicos em Nanicão Corupá.
Parasitoses are very common throughout the world, generating serious consequences for public health. Leishmaniosis and giardiasis are examples of fairly recurrent, but neglected diseases. Several ...higher plants have demonstrated promising activity against the parasites. The aim of this study was to evaluate the biological activity of extracts, fractions and isolated compounds from the leaves and stems of two Brazilian plants: Eugenia mattosii and Marlierea eugeniopsoides (Myrtaceae) against Leishmania and Giardia. XTT and the fluorimetric method were used to for this evaluation, respectively. Cytotoxicity was evaluated against HeLa cells. The results demonstrated that chloroform fractions of E. matosii and pinostrobin presented the most pronounced antiparasitic activity, with the CLF-stems being the most effective against Leishmania amazonensis and Leishmania braziliensis. Pinostrobin also presented activity against G. lamblia. Therefore, E. mattosii stems and pinostrobin may be considered possible targets for the continuity of studies against other parasites.
Bauhinia forficata Link, commonly known as “cow's paw”, is a native plant from South America. Its leaves are widely used in Brazilian folk medicine to treat diabetes and cardiovascular disorders. ...Although this species' biological potential has been extensively proven as an antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant agent, there is a lack of studies to evidence its action on the cardiovascular system.
Aim of the study: This study was designed to investigate the vascular effects of B. forficata leaves preparations and its majority compound kaempferitrin, as well as its aglycone form kaempferol, in rat aortic rings of normotensive (NTR) and hypertensive (SHR) rats.
Aorta rings from NTR and SHR precontracted with phenylephrine were exposed to cumulative concentrations of B. forficata extract, fractions (1–50 μg/mL) and compounds (0.001–0.3 μg/mL). The mechanisms involved in the vasorelaxant effect of ethyl-acetate plus butanol fraction (EAButF) were also evaluated.
Although kaempferitrin is the most abundant compound found in both methanolic extract and EAButF, 24 minor phenolic compounds were identified in B. forficata leaves, including kaempferol. EAButF was the only with endothelium-dependent and independent vasorelaxant properties in both NTR and SHR. The incubation with L-NAME or ODQ completely blocked EAButF-induced vasorelaxation. On the other hand, the incubation with propranolol, atropine, indomethacin, glibenclamide or barium chloride did not change the vasorelaxant activity of EAButF (50 μg/mL). Nevertheless, the incubation with tetraethylammonium and 4-aminopyridine significantly influenced the EAButF activity. It was also shown that Ca2+ influx or efflux is not related to EAButF vasorelaxation potential. Kaempferitrin and kaempferol were also able to relax the rat aortic rings in 34.70% and 40.54%, respectively.
This study shows, for the first time, the vasorelaxant effect of EAButF from B. forficata leaves, an effect that may be attributed to the modulation of vascular tone through nitric oxide/soluble guanylate cyclase pathway, and potassium channels. The bioactive kaempferitrin and kaempferol seem to be important for the effects observed with the fraction. Finally, preparations obtained from the leaves of B. forficata may be interesting candidates for new or complementary strategies regarding cardiovascular diseases.
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Sorocea guilleminina Gaudich. is a tree or shrub endemic to Brazil. Its leaves are used in Brazilian folk medicine for the healing of wounds, stomach problems, inflammation and as diuretic. The ...present study evaluates the activity and action mechanisms of the healing properties of the aqueous extract of S. guilleminiana leaves (AESg), in experimental models in vivo and in vitro, as well as performs a phytochemical analysis of the extract.
The AESg was prepared by infusion: Ten g of dry leaves powder in 1 L hot water, soaked for 15 min, filtered, lyophilized, and stored at −30 °C. Phytochemical analyses were realized by colorimetry and HPLC/ESI/MS. Its’ in vitro cytotoxicity was evaluated on fibroblastic N3T3 cells. The potential of the wound healing activity in vivo was evaluated using excision and incision wound rat models, by histopathology of the injured skin along with the determination of nitric oxide, cytokines (IL-1β, IL-10, and TNF-α), and antioxidant parameters (GSH, MPO and CAT). In vitro wound healing activity was also demonstrated in scratched N3T3 cells, by measuring the proliferation/migration rate.
The phytochemical analysis of the AESg revealed a strong presence of polar compounds, especially flavonoids (4 majoritarian), as well as terpenes and/or sterols (2 majoritarian). The AESg showed no toxicity in the N3T3 cell line (IC50 > 800 μg/mL). Topical treatment with the AESg showed an increase (p < 0.05) in wound contraction with 2 mg/g cream on days 5 and 9 (43.56% and 6.70% increase, respectively), and with 50 mg/g on days 7 and 9 (10.88% and 7.91%, respectively), compared to the vehicle (non-ionic neutral cream). Topical application of AESg (2 or 50 mg/g non-ionic cream) in incised wounds caused an increase in the force necessary for the rupture of the wound when compared to the vehicle group. No changes in cytokines (IL-1β, IL-10, or TNF-α) or NO accumulation was found with up to 50 mg/g AESg treatment. For antioxidant activity on the incision wound, an increase in GSH levels was denoted with the AESg use, at the lowest and highest dose (2 and 50 mg/g) by 75.86% and 61.20% respectively, when compared to the vehicle. Also, the CAT activity was accentuated by AESg at the highest dose (50 mg/g) by 85.87%. Finally, the AESg at all doses attenuated MPO activity significantly in the incision wound by 71.35%, 73.21%, 78.08%, respectively. In the scratch test on N3T3 cells, the treatment with AESg resulted also in an increase in fibroblast proliferation/migration rate, compared to the vehicle.
AESg is not cytotoxic. The results confirm the popular use of the leaf infusion of S. guilleminiana for the treatment of cutaneous wounds, possibly by stimulating the proliferation of fibroblasts with a consequent deposition of collagen, fastening rearrangement of collagen fibers, and greater transformation into myofibroblasts, essential in the healing process. Preliminary chemical analyzes of AESg revealed the presence mainly of phenolic compounds, being salicylic acid, gallic acid, pinocembrin and isoquercitrin the majoritarian ones.
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DC. (Myrtaceae), popularly known as "cereja-do-Rio-Grande", is a native tree from Brazil, popularly used as a hypoglycemiant. Crude hydroalcoholic extract (CHE) and fractions (insoluble (FI), ...dichloromethane (FDM), ethyl acetate (FEA) and butanol (FBu)) of leaves were assessed to determine the phenolic chemical composition by HPLC-ESI-MS/MS. 10 compounds were identified, being 7 new for this species: rutin, isoquercitrin, luteolin-7-
-rutinoside, mandelic acid, naringenin, luteolin-7-
-glucoside and salicylic acid. Extract and fractions showed inhibitory activity on acetylcholinesterase (AchE) enzyme (best result: IC
= 44.19 µg mL
, for FEA) and α-glucosidase (α-Glu) (best result: IC
= 31.25 ± 0.15 µg mL
, for CHE). The observed antioxidant and inhibitory activity on the AchE and α-Glu is due to, at least in part, the presence of phenolic compounds in the samples.
Bryophyllum delagoense (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Druce, native to Madagascar, is popularly known as "abyssian cactus" and popularly used in folk medicine as an analgesic and healing agent. The study ...methodology was divided into the phytochemical study: fractionation and identification of phenolic compounds by HLPC-ESI-MS/MS from the methanolic extract (ME), and fractions (DCMF and EAF) of leaves of B. delagoense, and biological activity with acetylcholinesterase and α-glucosidase inhibition of extracts and fractions by in vitro enzymatic techniques. Twenty-seven phenolic compounds were identified, being the highest concentration of syringic acid (87.848 mg g
−1
). The DCMF fraction showed the best biological activity for inhibition of α-glucosidase enzyme (0.125 mg mL
−1
).
Objectives
This study aimed to investigate the diuretic efficacy of myricetin‐3‐O‐α‐rhamnoside (myricitrin), a common naturally occurring plant‐derived flavonoid, obtained from Marlierea ...eugeniopsoides (D.Legrand & Kausel) D.Legrand leaves in rats.
Methods
For that, female Wistar rats were treated by oral route with the different treatments and kept in metaboloic cages for 8‐h or 24‐h experiment. The volume and urinary parameters were measured at the end of the period and compared between groups.
Key findings
When orally given to rats and compared to the vehicle‐treated group, myricitrin (0.3 and 1 mg/kg) was able to stimulate rat diuresis, natriuresis and kaliuresis. The combination myricitrin plus hydrochlorothiazide, but not plus furosemide or amiloride, potentiated the urinary volume when compared to the effects of drugs alone. Besides, the 8‐h renal effects of myricitrin were prevented in the presence of a cyclooxygenase inhibitor and a muscarinic receptor antagonist. However, all groups treated with myricitrin showed a significant reduction in Cl− excretion. In addition, a reduction in the urinary excretion of Cl− and HCO3- was detected on 24‐h analysis, a result that showed to be associated with an increase of these anions in the blood samples from the myricitrin‐treated group. Despite these alterations, no changes in urinary or blood pH were detected.
Conclusions
Taking together, although the results of this study point to the diuretic potential of myricitrin, the reduction in urinary Cl− and HCO3- excretion should be considered in future approaches, as well as for therapeutic applicability.
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