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The burst of energy produced from the sustainable energy sources need to be harnessed by energy storage systems. Development of novel and advanced energy storage devices such as ...supercapacitors discover an enormous future ahead. Recently, hybrid supercapacitors (electric double layer capacitor (EDLC) and pseudocapacitors) trend to be used as energy storage interfaces for their improved efficacy in energy density without altering the power density. In the ongoing workplan, transition metal selenides MnSe2 and its hybrid with multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) are synthesized by a simplistic hydrothermal protocol. Certainly, cubic phases of MnSe2-MWCNT(MS/CNT) manifested superior electrochemical performance in both symmetric and asymmetric full cell configurations in contrast to prestine MnSe2(MS). The asymmetric MS/CNT cell achieved an excellent charge storage capability with an high energy density of 39.45 Wh kg−1 at a power density of 2.25 kW kg−1 maintaining an energy density of 14.5 Wh kg−1 at a high power density of 4.5 kWh kg−1 and also revealed long term stability over 5000 consecutive charge/discharge cycles (capacitance retention of 95.2%). Furthermore, the preferable growth along (200) direction in the presence of MWCNTs favoured in enriching the supercapacitive property of MS. The quantum capacitance of MnSe2surfaces and MS/CNT heterostructure has been estimated using density functional theory simulation to confirm the experimental outcomes. Theoretical investigation simultaneously exposed the contribution of (200) plane of MnSe2 and MWCNTs cultured in enhanced DOS (density of states) near the Fermi level that remarkably promoted the energy storage efficiency of MS/CNT.
Background and Aims
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition that impacts the brain, characterized by challenges in social communication and interaction, often accompanied by ...repetitive behaviors or focused interests. This study sheds light on the prevalence of ASD within the Southeast Asian region.
Methods
The study protocol was registered in PROSPERO (Registration No: CRD42023413915). Appropriate search terms and Boolean operators were employed to explore electronic databases for relevant articles. Data thus extracted were prepared in Excel and analyzed in Comprehensive Meta‐Analysis Software. The effect measure utilized in the study was represented by the proportion, and the choice between a fixed or random‐effect model depended on the observed heterogeneity. Visual feedback was provided through the use of forest plots and funnel plots.
Results
A total of 14 studies were included in the qualitative and quantitative synthesis after screening the imported studies. The prevalence of ASD was six per 1000 population (proportion: 0.006; CI: 0.002–0.017; I2: 99.263%). Among the ASD cases, 64.4% (proportion: 0.644; CI: 0.590–0.693; I2: 9.937%) were males and 35.6% (proportion: 0.356; CI: 0.307–0.410; I2: 9.937%) were females.
Conclusion
The prevalence of ASD in Southeast Asia was estimated to be six cases per 1000 individuals, with a higher prevalence among males. This study contributes to our understanding of ASD prevalence in the region, although it is essential to note certain limitations in estimating prevalence.
Keypoints
The prevalence of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) varies globally, with higher rates reported in some Western countries.
This study provides an updated systematic review and meta‐analysis of ASD prevalence in Southeast Asia from 2002 to 2022.
The research reveals a prevalence rate of 0.6% in Southeast Asian children, mirroring the global trend of increasing ASD prevalence.
Healthcare professionals should be aware of the rising prevalence of ASD in Southeast Asia and its potential impact on healthcare resources.
The global pandemic due to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has posed an overall threat to modern medicine. The course of the disease is uncertain with varying forms of presentation that cannot be ...managed solely with clinical skills and vigor. Since its inception, laboratory medicine forms a backbone for the proper diagnosis, treatment, monitoring, and prediction of the severity of the disease. Clinical biochemistry, an integral component of laboratory medicine, has been an unsung hero in the disease prognosis and severity assessment in COVID-19. This review attempts to highlight the biomarkers which have shown a significant role and can be used in the identification, stratification, and prediction of disease severity in COVID-19 patients. It also highlights the basis of the use of these biomarkers in the disease course and their implications.
The main objective of this study was to develop the orodispersity film containing chitosan-alginate nanoparticles to improve dissolution profile, therapeutic effect with improved bioavailability of ...empagliflozin through oral route noninvasively for further cytotoxicity study.
The nanoparticles were developed through two-step mechanisms ionotropic pre-gelation and polyelectrolyte complexation methods. The prepared nanoparticles were added to a polymer matrix containing hypromellose, polyvinyl alcohol, and maltodextrin and cast to rapidly dissolving thin film by solvent casting method.
The physicochemical characteristics of empagliflozin in the orodispersible film were most favorable for further studies. This formulation has achieved a higher permeability (7.2-fold) as compared to the reference drug product (Jardiance) after 45 min. In vivo pharmacokinetic studies in Wistar rats have revealed that chitosan-alginate empagliflozin nanoparticles in the orodispersible film were 1.18-fold more bioavailable in comparison to free empagliflozin in orodispersible film. The C
max
observed for the empagliflozin-loaded orodispersible film was 15.42 ± 5.13 μg/mL in comparison to 18.21 ± 5.53 μg/mL for empagliflozin nanoparticle-containing orodispersible film and 12.19 ± 6.71 μg/mL for freed rug suspension. The t
1/2
and AUC
0-t
values for chitosan-alginate nanoparticles of empagliflozin in the orodispersible film were found1.4-fold more than empagliflozin loaded orodispersible film (without nanoparticles). The cytotoxicity study has shown that chitosan-alginate nanoparticles of empagliflozin in orodispersible film achieved a 2.5-fold higher cytotoxic effect than free empagliflozin in orodispersible film in A549lung cancer cells.
This study provides evidence that chitosan-alginate nanoparticles of empagliflozin in orodispersible film can be an effective drug carrier system to improve sustained effect with better bioavailability of poorly water-soluble drug.
