Entanglement is a key element in quantum information processing. Here, we present schemes to generate robust photon entanglement via optomechanical quantum interfaces in the strong coupling regime. ...The schemes explore the excitation of the Bogoliubov dark mode and the destructive quantum interference between the bright modes of the interface, similar to electromagnetically induced transparency, to eliminate leading-order effects of the mechanical noise. Both continuous-variable and discrete-state entanglements that are robust against the mechanical noise can be achieved. The schemes can be used to generate entanglement in hybrid quantum systems between, e.g., microwave photon and optical photon.
Quantum states encoded in microwave photons or qubits can be effectively manipulated, whereas optical photons can be coherently transferred via optical fibre and waveguide. The reversible conversion ...of quantum states between microwave and optical photons will hence enable the distribution of quantum information over long distance and significantly improve the scalability of hybrid quantum systems. Owning to technological advances, mechanical resonators couple to quantum devices in distinctly different spectral range with tunable coupling, and can serve as a powerful interface to connect those devices. In this review, recent theory and experimental progress in the coherent conversion between microwave and optical fields via optoelectromechanical transducers are summarized. The challenges and perspectives in achieving single‐photon‐level quantum state conversion are also discussed.
Quantum states encoded in microwave photons or qubits can be effectively manipulated, whereas optical photons can be coherently transferred via optical fibre and waveguide. The reversible conversion of quantum states between microwave and optical photons will hence enable the distribution of quantum information over long distance and significantly improve the scalability of hybrid quantum systems. Owning to technological advances, mechanical resonators couple to quantum devices in distinctly different spectral range with tunable coupling, and can serve as a powerful interface to connect those devices. In this review, recent theory and experimental progress in the coherent conversion between microwave and optical fields via optoelectromechanical transducers are summarized. The challenges and perspectives in achieving single‐photon‐level quantum state conversion are also discussed.
The actions of neuromodulation are thought to mediate the ability of the mammalian brain to dynamically adjust its functional state in response to changes in the environment. Altered neurotransmitter ...(NT) and neuromodulator (NM) signaling is central to the pathogenesis or treatment of many human neurological and psychiatric disorders, including Parkinson’s disease, schizophrenia, depression, and addiction. To reveal the precise mechanisms by which these neurochemicals regulate healthy and diseased neural circuitry, one needs to measure their spatiotemporal dynamics in the living brain with great precision. Here, we discuss recent development, optimization, and applications of optical approaches to measure the spatial and temporal profiles of NT and NM release in the brain using genetically encoded sensors for in vivo studies.
Sabatini and Tian review recent progress in developing genetically encoded neurotransmitter indicators. They also discuss practical considerations for both sensor developers and end users in terms of sensor design, optimization, characterization, and implementation for in vivo studies.
In recent years, the rapid development of online marketplaces has given rise not only to co‐opetitive relationships between sellers but also to information asymmetries between online marketplaces and ...sellers. This study studies information sharing in an e‐commerce setting consisting of an online marketplace, an upstream manufacturer and a reseller, where the online marketplace possesses superior demand information, while the manufacturer and reseller engage in a co‐opetitive structure. The reseller procures products from the manufacturer under a wholesale price contract, and both the manufacturer and reseller sell the products through the online marketplace by paying a proportional commission fee. We examine four information‐sharing scenarios: no information sharing (S1), full information sharing (S2), information sharing only with the manufacturer (S3), and information sharing only with the reseller (S4). Our analysis shows that when the intensity of competition between the manufacturer and reseller is relatively low and demand variability is moderate, the online marketplace prefers full information sharing; otherwise, it prefers to share its demand information only with the manufacturer. Moreover, interestingly, we find that the manufacturer always prefers the scenario with full information sharing to the scenario that endows her with an informational advantage over the reseller. In contrast, depending on the competitive intensity and demand variability, the reseller prefers either the scenario in which the online marketplace shares demand information with him only or that in which demand information is shared with the manufacturer only. Furthermore, we find that the equilibrium information‐sharing outcome can be either full information sharing or information sharing only with the manufacturer. The rationale behind these results hinges on the interactions among the signaling cost, efficiency effect, and co‐opetitive relationship between the manufacturer and reseller.
Since December 2019, an epidemic caused by novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) infection has occurred unexpectedly in China. As of 8 pm, 31 January 2020, more than 20 pediatric cases have been reported in ...China. Of these cases, ten patients were identified in Zhejiang Province, with an age of onset ranging from 112 days to 17 years. Following the latest
National recommendations for diagnosis and treatment of pneumonia caused by 2019-nCoV
(the 4th edition) and current status of clinical practice in Zhejiang Province, recommendations for the diagnosis and treatment of respiratory infection caused by 2019-nCoV for children were drafted by the National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, the National Children’s Regional Medical Center, Children’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine to further standardize the protocol for diagnosis and treatment of respiratory infection in children caused by 2019-nCoV.
Traditionally, online retailers have acted as product resellers. Recently, these retailers have also started to serve as online marketplaces by providing a platform to directly connect sellers with ...buyers. Over and above re‐shaping the traditional e‐commerce market, conventional wisdom suggests that this new format will mitigate the double‐marginalization effect and benefit both the intermediary and suppliers through a revenue sharing scheme. However, we find that upstream competition between suppliers critically moderates this possibility. We also find that the interaction of order‐fulfillment costs and upstream competition intensity moderates the selection of an optimal mode for the intermediary. More specifically, when order‐fulfillment costs are large and when the supplier product offerings are similar (i.e., competition intensity is high), the pure reseller mode is the preferred choice; when order‐fulfillment costs are small and the supplier product offerings are highly differentiated (i.e., low competition intensity), the pure marketplace mode is the preferred choice. Finally, the hybrid mode is preferred when order‐fulfillment costs are moderate and suppliers’ products are somewhat similar (i.e., competition intensity is moderate). The intuition behind these results hinges on the trade‐off between transfer of pricing rights and the responsibility for order fulfillment. Our findings not only complement the emerging online marketplace literature but also provide testable empirical questions concerning the relationship and magnitude of different factors steering the mode choice.
At present, China is at an essential stage in the progress of social civilisation. At the same time, China's current economic level is developing rapidly and the level of urbanisation is also ...increasing. However, the uncontrolled development of urban space and excessive consumption of land resources have led to many urban ecological and environmental problems. As a result, there is an urgent need to improve the urban habitat. Plant landscaping is an important part of the urban environment. In addition, plant landscaping is also a crucial part of the visual arts and plays a key role in the shaping of urban spaces. In the context of the urban construction boom, people are increasingly demanding quality in the urban environment. Spatial scale, as a vital factor influencing the visual effect of planting, is gradually becoming a focus of landscape design. Urban greening based on plant landscape can not only improve the urban ecological environment and enhance people’s quality of life but also resolve the contradiction between the demand for urban green space and the continuous reduction of urban greening land. Therefore, plant landscaping is recognised as a key step towards global sustainable development. However, according to current research and application practice, the development of urban greenery is limited and hindered by the value of plant landscaping and its applications. In addition, no comprehensive theoretical system has yet been established at the plant scale. In other words, there are still problems of scale in plant landscaping, such as unreasonable density, disproportion, and unclear hierarchy. Therefore, this paper begins with the definition of plant spatial scale in the city and analyses plant spatial types and scale characteristics from multiple perspectives, so as to establish an overall knowledge of plant landscaping. After that, through a study of the current situation of plant landscaping in cities, a quantitative analysis of the visual scale of plant space in urban squares is carried out to address the issues of plant scale design in this research. The focus of the analysis is on the scale of plants in relation to related elements. Furthermore, this study explores the influence of visual aesthetic scale and psychological scale on planting based on the functional scale of plant elements. Finally, the above quantitative analyses are applied to derive some relative data criteria and to summarise the design strategies for the spatial scale of planting in the city. The findings of this study can provide some guiding suggestions and references for the future construction of urban greenery, thus promoting the orderly development of plant landscaping in cities.
Reseller contract and online marketplace contract are two typical supply chain contracts provided by Online retail platforms (ORPs) in online retailing. Manufacturers can either wholesale their ...products to an ORP using the traditional reseller contract or choose an agency selling contract to sell their products directly to consumers through an online marketplace provided by the ORP. Based on a game model, this paper studies the contract choice strategy for a monopoly manufacturer facing two competing downstream ORPs. The results show that the competition intensity between the ORPs and the order-fulfilment costs critically moderates the choice decision. Specifically, for a given competition intensity (level of order-fulfilment costs), with rising order-fulfilment costs (the downstream competition intensity), the preferred mode for the manufacturer switches from the pure online marketplace mode to the hybrid mode and then to the pure reseller mode. The intuition of this lies in the interaction of the transfer of the pricing rights and the responsibility for order fulfilment. Meanwhile, the conditions to ensure the dominant equilibrium in the competition of ORPs are analysed. Finally, we extend the basic model by relaxing the assumptions about the same proportion fee rate and the fixed order-fulfilment cost.
•A comprehensive review on automotive exhaust thermoelectric generators (AETEGs).•Pointed out major challenges faced by AETEGs.•Refined potential research directions for AETEGs.
The automobile has ...become an integral part of the modern life. It, however, also triggers off a string of problems such as energy shortage and environmental pollution. As a static power generation technology, thermoelectricity has been widely used to recover the redundant exhaust heat, forming automotive exhaust thermoelectric generators (AETEGs). In this paper, a comprehensive review on AETEGs was firstly carried out from the perspective of nationality where research objects, conditions, main features and important outcomes for each study were highlighted. The feasibility of AETEGs has been demonstrated and a considerable progress has been made. However, no commercial automobile has equipped with AETEGs. Following that, the bottlenecks and challenges associated with various aspects such as material, geometry, heat transfer, space and weight, were pointed out by comparing research status and objects, and the strategies to cope with were reviewed. Finally, a research roadmap from material level, to component level and to whole device level was proposed and eleven promising research directions were refined to accelerate the application progress. In summary, there is still a long road before commercial applications of AETEGs and considerable effort should be poured into sustainedly. This review intends to guide the future study to a large extent.
Hepatocellular cancer (HCC) has been reported to belong to one of the highly vascularized solid tumours accompanied with angiogenesis of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). KDM5A, an ...attractive drug target, plays a critical role in diverse physiological processes. Thus, this study aims to investigate its role in angiogenesis and underlying mechanisms in HCC. ChIP‐qPCR was utilized to validate enrichment of H3K4me3 and KDM5A on the promotor region of miR‐433, while dual luciferase assay was carried out to confirm the targeting relationship between miR‐433 and FXYD3. Scratch assay, transwell assay, Edu assay, pseudo‐tube formation assay and mice with xenografted tumours were conducted to investigate the physiological function of KDM5A‐miR‐433‐FXYD3‐PI3K‐AKT axis in the progression of HCC after loss‐ and gain‐function assays. KDM5A p‐p85 and p‐AKT were highly expressed but miR‐433 was down‐regulated in HCC tissues and cell lines. Depletion of KDM5A led to reduced migrative, invasive and proliferative capacities in HCC cells, including growth and a lowered HUVEC angiogenic capacity in vitro. Furthermore, KDM5A suppressed the expression of miR‐433 by demethylating H3K4me3 on its promoterregion. miR‐433 negatively targeted FXYD3. Depleting miR‐433 or re‐expressing FXYD3 restores the reduced migrative, invasive and proliferative capacities, and lowers the HUVEC angiogenic capacity caused by silencing KDM5A. Therefore, KDM5A silencing significantly suppresses HCC tumorigenesis in vivo, accompanied with down‐regulated miR‐433 and up‐regulated FXYD3‐PI3K‐AKT axis in tumour tissues. Lastly, KDM5A activates the FXYD3‐PI3K‐AKT axis to enhance angiogenesis in HCC by suppressing miR‐433.