Objective: We present evidence that nitrite and nitrosothiols, nitrosoamines and non-heme dinitrosyl iron complexes can reversibly inhibit catalase with equal effectiveness.
Methods: Catalase ...activity was evaluated by the permanganatometric and calorimetric assays.
Results: This inhibition is not the result of chemical transformations of these compounds to a single inhibitor, as well as it is not the result of NO release from these substances (as NO traps have no effect on the extent of inhibition). It was found that chloride and bromide in concentration above 80 mM and thiocyanate in concentration above 20 μM enhance catalase inhibition by nitrite and the nitroso compounds more than 100 times. The inhibition degree in this case is comparable with that induced by azide.
Discussion: We propose that the direct catalase inhibitor is a positively charged NO-group. This group acquires a positive charge in the active center of enzyme by interaction of nitrite or nitroso compounds with some enzyme groups. Halides and thiocyanate protect the NO
+
group from hydration and thus increase its inhibition effect. It is probable that a comparatively low chloride concentration in many cells is the main factor to protect catalase from inhibition by nitrite and nitroso compounds.
Due to long-term domestication, breeding and divergent selection, a vast genetic diversity in poultry currently exists, with various breeds being characterized by unique phenotypic and genetic ...features. Assuming that differences between chicken breeds divergently selected for economically and culturally important traits manifest as early as possible in development and growth stages, we aimed to explore breed-specific patterns and interrelations of embryo myogenesis, nitric oxide (NO) metabolism and post-hatch growth rate (GR).
These characteristics were explored in eight breeds of different utility types (meat-type, dual purpose, egg-type, game, and fancy) by incubating 70 fertile eggs per breed. To screen the differential expression of seven key myogenesis associated genes (
,
,
,
,
,
, and
), quantitative real-time PCR was used.
We found that myogenesis associated genes expressed in the breast and thigh muscles in a coordinated manner showing breed specificity as a genetic diversity signature among the breeds studied. Notably, coordinated ("accord") expression patterns of
,
, and
were observed both in the breast and thigh muscles. Also, associated expression vectors were identified for
and
in the breast muscles and for
and
genes in the thigh muscles. Indices of NO oxidation and post-hatch growth were generally concordant with utility types of breeds, with meat-types breeds demonstrating higher NO oxidation levels and greater GR values as compared to egg-type, dual purpose, game and fancy breeds.
The results of this study suggest that differences in early myogenesis, NO metabolism and post-hatch growth are breed-specific; they appropriately reflect genetic diversity and accurately capture the evolutionary history of divergently selected chicken breeds.
Lung cancer is one of the most common forms of cancer. The aim of this study was to validate chromosome aberrations in peripheral blood lymphocytes of lung cancer patients living in a region with ...high air pollution and increased background radon levels as a biomarker of cancer risk. A total of 417 lung cancer patients and 468 control participants were analysed using a chromosome aberration assay in peripheral blood lymphocytes. The results showed that chromatid-type aberrations (2.26±1.58 vs. 1.60±1.58) and chromosome-type aberrations (CSAs) (0.96±1.36 vs. 0.42±0.70) in lung cancer patients were increased significantly in comparison with the controls. The most significant two-fold increase was detected for CSAs (nonsmoking patients: 0.84±1.54 vs. 0.41±0.73%, smoking patients: 0.99±1.31 vs. 0.44±0.67%). The frequency of dicentric and ring chromosomes, double minutes and rogue cells was significantly higher (P=0.002, 0.00002, 0.01, 0.0007) in the lung cancer patients. As both analysed groups lived in the same environment, our results show that increased radon levels were not the only source for the detected genome damage. Using binomial logistic regression, the estimated odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals adjusted for the main confounders (smoking, occupational exposure, age) were 1.31 (1.20-1.40) for chromatid-type aberrations, 1.28 (1.17-1.33), and 1.68 (1.49-1.88) for CSAs. It may be suggested that lung cancer patients show a significant increase in genome damage that may be caused by an interplay between exposure and individual low capacity of DNA repair, leading to genome instability.
A technology for producing a new homogeneous Ti–20Nb–13Ta–5Zr alloy has been developed. It is shown that the alloy is single-phase with a β-Ti type crystal lattice. The alloy has the required ...mechanical properties (tensile strength of about 745 MPa). On the surface of plates and wire made of alloy, a relief of micro- and nanoscale is observed. In terms of the ability to generate reactive oxygen species and long-lived reactive protein species, the Ti–20Nb–13Ta–5Zr alloy is more preferable than nitinol. It was established that cell cultures growing on plates or wire made of Ti–20Nb–13Ta–5Zr alloy had a significant mitotic index (2%). The number of viable cells was at least 95–96% of the overall cell count. According to the results of implantation of the alloy in the form of plates or wire ring to animals, it can be concluded that the alloy is biocompatible. The morphology of the surface of the samples did not change after biological experiments. It can be assumed that the alloy Ti–20Nb–13Ta–5Zr is a material potentially suitable for medical applications.
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•Developed manufacturing technology of a new homogeneous alloy Ti–25Nb–10Ta–5Zr.•Wire and plates from the alloy have excellent physicochemical and mechanical properties.•The alloy reacts with biological fluids much worse than nitinol.•Using cell and animal models, it was shown that alloy is biocompatible.
Purpose
To study the potential links between genetic polymorphisms in the
GSTT1
,
GSTM1, GSTP1
genes and the frequency of chromosomal aberrations (CAs) in lung cancer patients and healthy residents ...in Russian Federation.
Methods
200 cells in well-spread metaphase with 46 chromosomes were examined for 353 newly diagnosed lung cancer patients (males) who received medical treatment in the Kemerovo Regional Oncology Center (Kemerovo, Russian Federation), and 300 healthy males from Kemerovo, Russian Federation. The polymorphisms of the
GSTM1
del and
GSTT1
del genes were analysed by multiplex PCR. Genotyping of the polymorphic variants in the
GSTP1
(
A313G, T341C
) gene was performed using Real-time PCR with competing TaqMan probes complementary to the polymorphic DNA sites. The data analysis was performed using software STATISTICA 8.0 (StatSoft Inc., USA).
Results
We discovered that a
GSTM1
del polymorphism increases the frequency of chromosomal damage in smoking patients with lung cancer, a general group of lung cancer patients, donors with non-small cell lung cancer and patients in the latest stages of the malignant process. The synergetic effects of occupational exposure and the malignant process can induce some modifications in the cytogenetic status in lung cancer patients harbouring the
GSTM1
del polymorphism.
Conclusions
CAs in peripheral blood lymphocytes can be used as biomarkers of the early biological effects of exposure to genotoxic carcinogens and may predict future cancer incidence in several epidemiologic studies. Genetic changes in genes encoding phase II detoxification enzymes are linked to decreases in the metabolic detoxification of environmentally derived genotoxic carcinogens.
An algorithm for processing mass spectra of gases exhaled by patients has been proposed in the paper. The mass spectra are recorded on the MS7-200 quadrupole mass spectrometer, with electronic ...ionization and with direct capillary injection of the sample. The algorithm is based on transforming an array of spectra (not less than 10) in the space of principal components. The probability of a disease is determined through the Euclidean distance of the patient's coordinates from the centroid. Testing of the algorithm was carried out on the data of mass spectra of gases exhaled by cancer patients. The proposed procedure has several advantages over traditional laboratory methods. The algorithm uses the multidimensional probability density of the distribution of the parameters of the exhaled gases of control groups and the patient being tested and allows to compile an overall picture of the patient's probable diseases in a short time.
Many companies use additional personnel (group of divers) to determine the technical condition of propellers. This research will help to find the most effective method of machine learning, and the ...development on its basis will not only reduce the cost of technical diagnostics, but also accelerate the process itself due to autonomous underwater vehicle, thereby giving the opportunity to eliminate the need for human labor.
AIM To show relations between a concentration of lipoprotein-associated secretory phospholipase A2 (LPPLa2) and markers of subclinical atherosclerotic lesion of the arterial wall in patients with low ...and moderate risk by the SCORE scale.
A total of 378 individuals with low and moderate risk of atherosclerotic lesion of the arterial wall (285 females, 93 males) were divided into groups by (1) age and sex, (2) number of atherosclerotic plaques (ASP) in the carotid arteries: OASP (n=158), ASP (n=61), more than one ASP (n=159); (3) plaque characteristics: homogeneous (n=31), heterogenous (n=189), (4) the presence of ASP in CA and level of LPPLa2 in the blood (with high content--n=137, with normal content--n=83). Duplex CA scanning was made to estimate intima-media thickness (IMT), to detect AP in the CA. Computer sphygmography estimated velocity of the pulse wave (PWV) from the carotid to femoral artery. Normal values of IMT and PWV were estimated individually with reference to gender and age. LPPLa2 was measured immunoturbodimetrically using diagnostic kits (PLAC Test Elisa Kit, dia Dexus, U.S.A.), shreshold value < 200 ng/ml.
LPPLa2 content medians in different age groups in males and females differed insignificantly. LPPLa2 concentration in the groups of patients regarding ASP in CA was elevated in relation to the threshold value (200 ng/ml) in all the groups but did not significantly differ: 216 (179-257) ng/ml in the group OASP, 226 (190-274) ng/ml--in the group of patients 1ASP and 212 (174-254) ng/ml--in the group of patients more than one ASP (p > 0.05). In the groups with homogeneous and heterogenous ASP significant differencies were neither between the medians nor between frequency of deviation from normal (p = 0.28). 25.5% patients from the group with an elevated level of LPPLa2 had ASP with a hypoechogenic component.
No significant correlation was revealed between concentration of LPPLa2, IMT PWV, number of ASP and carotid stenosis.
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