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Microalgae have emerged as renewable and sustainable candidates for biorefineries since they can generate bioproducts and bioenergy through the removal of contaminants contained in ...wastewater. In the present study, a native microalgae consortium (NMC) is isolated from a wastewater treatment plant, and used to remove 100 mgL−1 Cr(III). The native microalgae consortium is enriched in a photobioreactor with the following conditions: Bold’s Basal Medium (BBM), pH 8, room temperature and 20 µmolm−2s−1 light intensity. The molecular characterization reveals the presence of the following species: Tetradesmus sp., Scenedesmus sp and Ascomycota sp. The development of microalgae is evaluated through the production of biomass, pH, protein, lipid and carbohydrate, while the consortium presents the potential to obtain biofuels. The ability of the consortium to absorb two different sources of Cr (III) was determined using real tannery wastewater and synthetic water prepared with Cr2(SO4)3. The adsorption efficiency of the microalgae is analyzed using adsorption isotherms of Langmuir model, indicating 99% adsorption efficiency of 100 mgL−1 Cr(III). FT-IR and SEM analyses enable to identify the presence of Cr(III) in the native microalgae consortium. The promising features of this NMC underpin the idea of establishing a sustainable biorefinery to generate different bioproducts, in order to achieve a resource-efficient biomass use for a circular bioeconomy.
Abstract
Drosophila melanogaster is a leading model in population genetics and genomics, and a growing number of whole-genome data sets from natural populations of this species have been published ...over the last years. A major challenge is the integration of disparate data sets, often generated using different sequencing technologies and bioinformatic pipelines, which hampers our ability to address questions about the evolution of this species. Here we address these issues by developing a bioinformatics pipeline that maps pooled sequencing (Pool-Seq) reads from D. melanogaster to a hologenome consisting of fly and symbiont genomes and estimates allele frequencies using either a heuristic (PoolSNP) or a probabilistic variant caller (SNAPE-pooled). We use this pipeline to generate the largest data repository of genomic data available for D. melanogaster to date, encompassing 271 previously published and unpublished population samples from over 100 locations in >20 countries on four continents. Several of these locations have been sampled at different seasons across multiple years. This data set, which we call Drosophila Evolution over Space and Time (DEST), is coupled with sampling and environmental metadata. A web-based genome browser and web portal provide easy access to the SNP data set. We further provide guidelines on how to use Pool-Seq data for model-based demographic inference. Our aim is to provide this scalable platform as a community resource which can be easily extended via future efforts for an even more extensive cosmopolitan data set. Our resource will enable population geneticists to analyze spatiotemporal genetic patterns and evolutionary dynamics of D. melanogaster populations in unprecedented detail.
The abundant vascular structures that surround the shoulder joint are complex and variable, complicating arthroscopy approaches. The aim of this study is to determine safe and risky areas around ...standard posterior and standard anterior portals, and accounting for the distribution of neurovascular structures of small and medium diameters that can lead to intra-articular bleeding during surgery. The standard posterior portal, and standard anterior portal were placed as described in the literature, and punch dissection was performed 2.5 cm around the trocar in situ. The arrangement of each identified structure was photographically documented and digitalized for each anatomic plane; the distance to the trocar and the diameter of each structure were measured. Based on each digitalized anatomic plane, safe and risky tissue areas were determined, and a clock face coordinate system was used to represent these areas. The safe area around the standard posterior portal was located between 11 and 1 o´clock for the left shoulder and 11 and 2 o´clock for the right shoulder. For the standard anterior portal, the safe area was located between 2 and 3 o´clock for the left shoulder and between 9 and 12 o´clock for the right shoulder. However, we did document a risk of injuring the cephalic vein 5 times, the axillary artery 3 times and the deltoid branch of the thoracoacromial artery once. This study reports quantitatively the total number of small diameter structures present in the two shoulder arthroscopic portals evaluated. The safe areas proposed in this study must be evaluated to propose new access points for performing arthroscopic procedures on the shoulder.
The abundant vascular structures that surround the shoulder joint are complex and variable, complicating arthroscopy approaches. The aim of this study is to determine safe and risky areas around ...standard posterior and standard anterior portals, and accounting for the distribution of neurovascular structures of small and medium diameters that can lead to intra-articular bleeding during surgery. The standard posterior portal, and standard anterior portal were placed as described in the literature, and punch dissection was performed 2.5 cm around the trocar in situ. The arrangement of each identified structure was photographically documented and digitalized for each anatomic plane; the distance to the trocar and the diameter of each structure were measured. Based on each digitalized anatomic plane, safe and risky tissue areas were determined, and a clock face coordinate system was used to represent these areas. The safe area around the standard posterior portal was located between 11 and 1 o'clock for the left shoulder and 11 and 2 o'clock for the right shoulder. For the standard anterior portal, the safe area was located between 2 and 3 o'clock for the left shoulder and between 9 and 12 o'clock for the right shoulder. However, we did document a risk of injuring the cephalic vein 5 times, the axillary artery 3 times and the deltoid branch of the thoracoacromial artery once. This study reports quantitatively the total number of small diameter structures present in the two shoulder arthroscopic portals evaluated. The safe areas proposed in this study must be evaluated to propose new access points for performing arthroscopic procedures on the shoulder. KEY WORDS: Anatomy; Arthroscopy; Portals; Safe Areas; Shoulder. Las abundantes estructuras vasculares que rodean la articulacion del hombro son complejas y variables, y dificultan los abordajes artroscopicos. El objetivo del estudio fue determinar areas seguras y en riesgo en relacion al portal posterior estandar y el portal anterior estandar y cuantificar la distribucion de estructuras de diametro pequeno e intermedio que puedan conducir a sangrado intraarticular durante la cirugia. El portal posterior estandar y el portal anterior estandar fueron colocados segun su descripcion en la literatura y fueron realizadas disecciones en sacabocado de 2,5 cm alrededor del trocar in situ. La disposicion de cada estructura identificada fue documentada fotograficamente y digitalizada para cada plano anatomico. La distancia hacia el trocar y el diametro de cada estructura fueron medidos. Basado en cada plano anatomico digitalizado, areas de seguridad y riesgo tisular fueron determinadas y un sistema de coordenadas de manecillas de reloj fue utilizado para representar estas areas. El area segura alrededor del portal posterior estandar fue localizada entre las 11 y las 1 en el sistema de las manecillas del reloj para hombros izquierdos y entre las 11 y las 2 para hombros derechos. Para el portal anterior estandar, el area segura fue localizada entre las 2 y 3 horas para hombros izquierdos y entre las 9 y 12 horas para hombros derechos. Aun asi, se documento el riesgo de lesionar la vena cefalica en 5 ocasiones, la arteria axilar en 3 ocasiones y la rama deltoidea de la arteria toracroacromial en una ocasion. Este estudio reporta cuantitativamente el numero total de estructuras de pequeno diametro presentes en los dos portales artroscopicos evaluados. Las areas seguras propuestas en este estudio deben ser evaluadas para proponer nuevos puntos de acceso para la realizacion de procedimientos artroscopicos en el hombro. PALABRAS CLAVE: Anatomia; Artroscopia; Portales; Areas Seguras; Hombro.
The abundant vascular structures that surround the shoulder joint are complex and variable, complicating arthroscopy approaches. The aim of this study is to determine safe and risky areas around ...standard posterior and standard anterior portals, and accounting for the distribution of neurovascular structures of small and medium diameters that can lead to intra-articular bleeding during surgery. The standard posterior portal, and standard anterior portal were placed as described in the literature, and punch dissection was performed 2.5 cm around the trocar in situ. The arrangement of each identified structure was photographically documented and digitalized for each anatomic plane; the distance to the trocar and the diameter of each structure were measured. Based on each digitalized anatomic plane, safe and risky tissue areas were determined, and a clock face coordinate system was used to represent these areas. The safe area around the standard posterior portal was located between 11 and 1 o'clock for the left shoulder and 11 and 2 o'clock for the right shoulder. For the standard anterior portal, the safe area was located between 2 and 3 o'clock for the left shoulder and between 9 and 12 o'clock for the right shoulder. However, we did document a risk of injuring the cephalic vein 5 times, the axillary artery 3 times and the deltoid branch of the thoracoacromial artery once. This study reports quantitatively the total number of small diameter structures present in the two shoulder arthroscopic portals evaluated. The safe areas proposed in this study must be evaluated to propose new access points for performing arthroscopic procedures on the shoulder.
As a subfield of prevention science, substance use prevention researchers and professionals are increasingly focused on translating research into practice, developing the workforce of prevention ...specialists, and creating a robust prevention infrastructure. One critical need for professional development among the substance use prevention workforce is training and technical assistance around how to include young people in developing, implementing, and evaluating substance use prevention programs.
Amplifying youth voices can increase the quality and responsiveness of youth prevention research and practice, as well as hasten and improve the translation of prevention interventions into practice while also benefiting youth themselves. Yet, youth engagement is multi-layered and nuanced. Training prevention professionals who work with youth in youth development and youth/adult partnerships is critical to support meaningful youth engagement efforts. We assert that the substance use prevention workforce needs at least three specific competencies to engage youth meaningfully in prevention: 1) understand adolescent development and the core elements of youth-adult partnerships; 2) apply this knowledge to program design and practice; and 3) implement relational practices to share power with young people.
Incorporating the insights of young people can improve substance use prevention. The substance use prevention workforce should be supported in developing competencies to meaningfully engage youth. These competencies require training, and resources must be devoted to support appropriate training.
Introduction
Alcohol abuse is a risk factor for affective and cognitive disorders, with evidence indicating that adolescent-onset excessive drinking can result in long-term deficiencies in emotional ...regulation and cognition, with females more susceptible to the negative emotional and cognitive consequences of excessive alcohol consumption. However, our prior examination of the interactions between sex and the age of drinking-onset indicated minimal signs of anxiety-like behavior during alcohol withdrawal, which may have related to the concurrent anxiety testing of male and female subjects.
Methods
The present study addressed this potential confound by assaying for alcohol withdrawal-induced negative affect separately in males and females and expanded our investigation to include measures of spatial and working memory.
Results
Following 14 days of drinking under modified Drinking-in-the-Dark procedures (10, 20, and 40% alcohol v/v; 2 h/day), adolescent and adult binge-drinking mice of both sexes exhibited, respectively, fewer and more signs of negative affect in the light-dark shuttle-box and forced swim tests than their water-drinking counterparts. Adolescent-onset binge-drinking mice also exhibited signs of impaired working memory early during radial arm maze training during early alcohol withdrawal. When tested in late (30 days) withdrawal, only adult female binge-drinking mice buried more marbles than their water-drinking counterparts. However, adolescent-onset binge-drinking mice exhibited poorer spatial memory recall in a Morris water maze.
Discussion
These findings indicate that a subchronic (14-day) binge-drinking history induces mild, age- and sex-selective, changes in negative affect and cognition of potential relevance to understanding individual variability in the etiology and treatment of alcohol abuse and alcohol use disorder.
Mongolia has the world's highest incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), with ∼100 cases/100,000 inhabitants, although the reasons for this have not been thoroughly delineated.
We performed a ...molecular characterization of Mongolian (n = 192) compared with Western (n = 187) HCCs by RNA sequencing and whole-exome sequencing to unveil distinct genomic and transcriptomic features associated with environmental factors in this population.
Mongolian patients were younger, with higher female prevalence, and with predominantly HBV-HDV coinfection etiology. Mongolian HCCs presented significantly higher rates of protein-coding mutations (121 vs. 70 mutations per tumor in Western), and in specific driver HCC genes (i.e., APOB and TSC2). Four mutational signatures characterized Mongolian samples, one of which was novel (SBS Mongolia) and present in 25% of Mongolian HCC cases. This signature showed a distinct substitution profile with a high proportion of T>G substitutions and was significantly associated with a signature of exposure to the environmental agent dimethyl sulfate (71%), a 2A carcinogenic associated with coal combustion. Transcriptomic-based analysis delineated three molecular clusters, two not present in Western HCC; one with a highly inflamed profile and the other significantly associated with younger female patients.
Mongolian HCC has unique molecular traits with a high mutational burden and a novel mutational signature associated with genotoxic environmental factors present in this country.
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