This paper examines Wagner hypothesis of the growth of public expenditure alongside the growth of economic activity for a panel of 28 European economies during the 1995-2018 period. The hypothesis is ...verified using Pesaran (2007) panel unit root and Westerlund (2007) cointegration tests that account for cross-sectional dependence in the series, and three panel causality tests (Toda-Yamamoto, Dumitrescu-Hurlin and Juodis-Karavias-Sarafidis) that are suitable for mixed order of series' integration, heterogeneous balanced panels and cases of limited evidence of cointegration. The empirical results suggested that expenditure and output variables were non-stationary in levels and stationary in the first differences; the cointegration among the variables was present; the causality was principally uni-directional (from output to public expenditure), in line with Wagner's hypothesis, or bi-directional; the causality from public expenditure to output along Keynesian lines was limited.
Porous inorganic nanostructured materials are widely used nowadays as drug delivery carriers due to their adventurous features: suitable architecture, large surface area and stability in the ...biological fluids. Among the different types of inorganic porous materials, silica, calcium carbonate, and calcium phosphate have received significant attention in the last decade. The use of porous inorganic materials as drug carriers for cancer therapy, gene delivery etc. has the potential to improve the life expectancy of the patients affected by the disease. The main goal of this review is to provide general information on the current state of the art of synthesis of the inorganic porous particles based on silica, calcium carbonate and calcium phosphate. Special focus is dedicated to the loading capacity, controllable release of drugs under internal biological stimuli (e.g., pH, redox, enzymes) and external noninvasive stimuli (e.g., light, magnetic field, and ultrasound). Moreover, the diverse compounds to deliver with silica, calcium carbonate and calcium phosphate particles, ranging from the commercial drugs to genetic materials are also discussed.
The present work has been devoted to study of β-solidifying γ-TiAl alloys based on Ti–44Al-0.2B and doped with Nb, Zr and Zr + Hf. The phase transformation sequences were established for the alloys. ...On this basis, upset forging followed by heat treatment was performed that resulted in formation of near the same duplex type microstructures in the alloys. Tensile tests in the temperature range of 20–900 °C and creep tests at 700 °C were carried out for the alloys in the duplex conditions. The alloys doped with Zr and Zr + Hf showed appreciably higher strength, higher temperatures of the brittle-ductile transition (BDT) and enhanced creep resistance while retaining near the same ductility below the BDT temperatures as compared to the Nb-containing alloy. Enhanced creep resistance and higher temperatures of the BDT in the alloys doped with Zr and Zr + Hf in contrast to the Nb-containing alloy were attributed to higher solid solution hardening due to larger atomic radii of Zr and Hf versus Nb and to different partitioning behaviors of Zr and Zr + Hf versus Nb leading to higher concentrations in the γ phase of Zr and Zr + Hf in the Zr- and (Zr + Hf)-containing alloys in contrast to that of Nb in the Nb-containing alloy. Both of these factors contributed to lower diffusivity (especially in γ grains) in the alloys doped with Zr and Zr + Hf. In particular, alloying with Zr and Zr + Hf shifted the development of dynamic recrystallization processes towards high temperatures that slowed down the increase of ductility with increasing the test temperature in the BDT range and led to higher BDT temperatures.
•Four alloys based on Ti–44Al-0.2B and doped with Nb, Zr, and Zr + Hf were studied.•Upset forging and heat treatment provided similar duplex structures in the alloys.•Alloying with Zr and Zr + Hf led to higher solution hardening than alloying with Nb.•Alloying with Zr and Zr + Hf resulted in higher creep resistance than alloying with Nb.•Alloying with Zr and Zr + Hf led to higher BDT temperatures than alloying with Nb.
Nowadays, neuromorphic systems based on memristors are considered promising approaches to the hardware realization of artificial intelligence systems with efficient information processing. However, a ...major bottleneck in the physical implementation of these systems is the strong dependence of their performance on the unavoidable variations (cycle‐to‐cycle, c2c, or device‐to‐device, d2d) of memristive devices. Recently, reservoir computing (RC) and spiking neuromorphic systems (SNSs) are separately proposed as valuable options to partially mitigate this problem. Herein, both approaches are combined to create a fully organic system based on 1) volatile polyaniline memristive devices for the reservoir layer and 2) nonvolatile parylene memristors for the SNS readout layer. This combination provides a simpler SNS training procedure compared with the formal neural networks and results in greater robustness to device variability, while ensuring the extraction and encoding of the input critical features (performed by the polyaniline reservoir) and the analysis and classification performed by the SNS layer. Furthermore, the spatiotemporal pattern recognition of the system brings us closer to the implementation of efficient and reliable brain‐inspired computing systems built with partially unreliable analog elements.
Reservoir computing systems based on memristors are considered promising for efficient processing of temporal and dynamic data. A fully organic system with volatile polyaniline memristive devices for reservoir and nonvolatile parylene ones for spiking readout layer is presented. This system provides a simpler training procedure and greater robustness to device variability in comparison with conventional formal neural networks.
For the first time, light microscopy has been used to study the parameters of blood cells for the Black Sea sprat (
Clupeonella cultriventris
Nordmann, 1840) from the Ivankovo Reservoir with ...trypanosomes in the peripheral blood. A shift in the composition of erythrocytes towards immature cells, lymphopenia, an increase in the proportion of immature granulocytes, and a decrease in the proportion of platelets have been detected. It is noted that fish of this species had not previously been infected with trypanosomes in the Ivankovo Reservoir.
PUPIL VISUAL TRACKING ALGORITHMS FOR AUTOMATED STATIC PERIMETRY SYSTEMS
The international archives of the photogrammetry, remote sensing and spatial information sciences/International archives of the photogrammetry, remote sensing and spatial information sciences,
04/2021
Journal Article
The authors describe a EUSO-SPB2 balloon experiment to study ultra-high energy and extreme energy cosmic rays along with high-energy astrophysical neutrinos. The main characteristics of the ...fluorescent and Cherenkov telescopes are given. A multi-channel photodetectoris calibrated as part of the pre-flight preparation.
The environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) hypothesis assumes the nonlinear relationship between production and its environmental effects, suggesting that the negative effect of production on the natural ...environment is reversed at higher levels of development. In contrast to the majority of the studies, this paper considers the possibility of non‐linear effects of per capita output on agricultural land use (cropland), as one of the natural resource stocks, and additionally examines the influence of demographic and productivity variables on the agricultural land use. The study draws on panel data from 143 economies over the 1990–2019 period and employs a series of panel econometrics techniques (including panel unit root and cointegration tests, panel ordinary least squares, generalized method of moments, and panel quantile models). The results unequivocally indicate the inverted U‐shaped relationship between the GDP per capita and cropland use, as per EKC hypothesis. The results are robust with respect to employing different techniques, the identified turning points correspond to low and low‐middle‐income levels, and the effects of agricultural productivity and population density on land use are respectively negative and positive.
A connection between solar activity and decadal Length of day variations is investigated. Statistical comparison of Length of day with various geomagnetic and Solar activity indices has been done for ...the last 140 years. A jump in Length of day (LOD) is found at the moment of the geomagnetic storm, the largest one for the last few decades, that happened in late October 2003, the so called Halloween storm. This change in rotational velocity of the Earth can not be explained by any known atmospheric or oceanic influences. Moreover, such jump in LOD is an unique one for the few recent years. It is supposed that this jump can be caused by transfer of angular momentum between Solar wind and the solid Earth. A possible mechanism of such a transfer is proposed.
The hierarchical levels of structural organization and the parameters and a set of characteristics for structural fiberglass fabrics are considered. Using the example of fabric assortment produced in ...the industry, characteristics necessary for the calculation and production of reinforced polymeric composite materials (RPCMs) with a high level of operational properties are presented. The analysis of the characteristics of fiberglass fabrics has made it possible to propose a sequence for arranging different fabric grades according to structure and strength, which promotes a targeted choice of a reinforcing filler for making RPCMs having a set of required properties.
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