A new method to tag the barium daughter in the double-beta decay of ^{136}Xe is reported. Using the technique of single molecule fluorescent imaging (SMFI), individual barium dication (Ba^{++}) ...resolution at a transparent scanning surface is demonstrated. A single-step photobleach confirms the single ion interpretation. Individual ions are localized with superresolution (∼2 nm), and detected with a statistical significance of 12.9σ over backgrounds. This lays the foundation for a new and potentially background-free neutrinoless double-beta decay technology, based on SMFI coupled to high pressure xenon gas time projection chambers.
The COMET experiment at J-PARC aims to search for a lepton-flavour violating process of muon to electron conversion in a muonic atom, μ-e conversion, with a branching-ratio sensitivity better than ...10−16, 4 orders of magnitude better than the present limit, in order to explore the parameter region predicted by most well-motivated theoretical models beyond the Standard Model. The need for such an excellent sensitivity places several stringent requirements on the detector; (i) good momentum resolution, <2%, for 100 MeV/c electron, which is primarily limited by multiple scattering effect for this momentum region; and (ii) high rate capability, up to 5×109μ−/s muon beam enabled by J-PARC. In order to fulfil such requirements a vacuum-compatible, ultra-thin-wall straw tracker has been designed, and a 20μm-thick Mylar straw with 70 nm Al cathode has been developed employing an ultrasonic-welding technique. The detector performances such as detection efficiency and intrinsic spatial resolutions were investigated with test-beam experiments and confirmed to be acceptable for the COMET experiment. The construction of the straw tracker for COMET Phase-I has been completed.
In parallel to the construction of present tracker a thinner 12μm-thick straw has been developed with joint collaboration among KEK, JINR and CERN. During this R&D, it was noticed that the current technology cannot achieve tubes much smaller than 5 mm in diameter or walls much thinner than 12μm. We also launched a brand-new project to realize the graphite-textile straw which has a potential to realize an extremely low material tracker.
In this article, a brief report on detector construction with a present 20μm-thick straw, R&D on a new 12μm-thick straw, and a brand-new graphite straw, is provided.
The differential cross sections of the Σ^{-}p→Λn reaction were measured accurately for the Σ^{-} momentum (p_{Σ}) ranging from 470 to 650 MeV/c at the J-PARC Hadron Experimental Facility. Precise ...angular information about the Σ^{-}p→Λn reaction was obtained for the first time by detecting approximately 100 reaction events at each angular step of Δcosθ=0.1. The obtained differential cross sections show a slightly forward-peaking structure in the measured momentum regions. The cross sections integrated for -0.7≤cosθ≤1.0 were obtained as 22.5±0.68 statistical error(stat.) ±0.65 systematic error(syst.) mb and 15.8±0.83(stat)±0.52(syst) mb for 470<p_{Σ}(MeV/c)<550 and 550<p_{Σ}(MeV/c)<650, respectively. These results show a drastic improvement compared with past measurements of the hyperon-proton scattering experiments. They will play essential roles in updating the theoretical models of the baryon-baryon interactions.
COMET (Coherent Muon to Electron Transition, J-PARC, Japan) is one of the experiments that studies extensions of the Standard Model (SM) of elementary particle physics. The main purpose of the COMET ...experiment is to search for charged lepton flavor violating neutrinoless conversion of muons into electrons in the field of a nucleus (μ–e conversion, μ–N → e–N). The goal is to achieve a sensitivity to the branching ratio superior to 10−17, that four orders of magnitude smaller than the present limit. In the experiment a straw detector will be used to measure the momentum of the signal electrons from the μ–e conversion. In order to satisfy the requirements of the momentum measurements, we plan to develop a planar tracking device consisting of thin-wall straws made with an extremely light material to reduce multiple scattering and that is capable of operation in vacuum. Research the mechanical properties of straws will allow us to choose their optimal tension, to estimate the influence of the temperature and humidity, to assess the straws service life in the experiment, which we define as the tension relaxation time to the minimum working value.
A
bstract
The NEXT experiment aims to observe the neutrinoless double beta decay of
136
Xe in a high-pressure xenon gas TPC using electroluminescence (EL) to amplify the signal from ionization. One ...of the main advantages of this technology is the possibility to reconstruct the topology of events with energies close to
Q
ββ
. This paper presents the first demonstration that the topology provides extra handles to reject background events using data obtained with the NEXT-DEMO prototype.
Single electrons resulting from the interactions of
22
Na 1275 keV gammas and electronpositron pairs produced by conversions of gammas from the
228
Th decay chain were used to represent the background and the signal in a double beta decay. These data were used to develop algorithms for the reconstruction of tracks and the identification of the energy deposited at the end-points, providing an extra background rejection factor of 24
.
3 ± 1
.
4 (stat.)%, while maintaining an efficiency of 66
.
7 ± 1
.
% for signal events.
Construction on vacuum-compatible straw tracker for COMET Phase-I Nishiguchi, H.; Evtoukhovitch, P.; Fujii, Y. ...
Nuclear instruments & methods in physics research. Section A, Accelerators, spectrometers, detectors and associated equipment,
04/2020, Letnik:
958
Journal Article
Recenzirano
The COMET experiment at J-PARC aims to search for a lepton-flavour violating process of muon to electron conversion in a muonic atom, μ-e conversion, with a branching-ratio sensitivity of better than ...10−16, 4 orders of magnitude better than the present limit, in order to explore the parameter region predicted by most of well-motivated theoretical models beyond the Standard Model. The need for such an excellent sensitivity places several stringent requirements on the detector; (i) good momentum resolution, <2%, for 100 MeV/c electron, which is primarily limited by multiple scattering effect for this momentum region, and (ii) high rate capability, up to 5×109μ−/s muon beam by J-PARC. In order fulfil such requirements, we decided to develop the straw-base planar tracker which is operational in vacuum and made of an extremely light material. The COMET straw tracker consists of 10 mm diameter straw tube, longer than 1 m length, with 20μm-thick Mylar foil and 70 nm-thick aluminium cathode.
Recently, two big milestones, detector-performance verification by the full-scale prototype with 100 MeV/c electron beam, and start the assembly of final straw tracker for COMET Phase-I, were achieved. In this article, details of these two big milestones are provided. In addition, some prospects on the straw tracker development towards the COMET Phase-II are also given.
Xe–CO2 mixtures are important alternatives to pure xenon in Time Projection Chambers (TPC) based on secondary scintillation (electroluminescence) signal amplification with applications in the ...important field of rare event detection such as directional dark matter, double electron capture and double beta decay detection. The addition of CO2 to pure xenon at the level of 0.05–0.1% can reduce significantly the scale of electron diffusion from 10 mm/m to 2.5 mm/m, with high impact on the discrimination efficiency of the events through pattern recognition of the topology of primary ionization trails. We have measured the electroluminescence (EL) yield of Xe–CO2 mixtures, with sub-percent CO2 concentrations. We demonstrate that the EL production is still high in these mixtures, 70% and 35% relative to that produced in pure xenon, for CO2 concentrations around 0.05% and 0.1%, respectively. The contribution of the statistical fluctuations in EL production to the energy resolution increases with increasing CO2 concentration, being smaller than the contribution of the Fano factor for concentrations below 0.1% CO2.
The COMET experiment at J-PARC aims to search for a lepton-flavour violating process of muon to electron conversion in a muonic atom, μ-e conversion, with a branching-ratio sensitivity of better than ...10−16, 4 orders of magnitude better than the present limit, in order to explore the parameter region predicted by most of well-motivated theoretical models beyond the Standard Model. The need for this sensitivity places several stringent requirements on the detector development. The experiment requires to detect the monochromatic electron of 105MeV, the momentum resolution is primarily limited by the multiple scattering effect for this momentum region. Thus we need the very light material detector in order to achieve an excellent momentum resolution, better than 2%, for 100MeV region. In order to fulfil such a requirement, the thin-wall straw-tube planar tracker has been developed by an extremely light material which is operational in vacuum. The COMET straw tracker consists of 9.8mm diameter straw tube, longer than 1m length, with 20-μm-thick Mylar foil and 70-nm-thick aluminium deposition. Currently even thinner and smaller, 12μm thick and 5mm diameter, straw is under development by the ultrasonic welding technique.
We present the design, data and results from the NEXT prototype for Double Beta and Dark Matter (NEXT-DBDM) detector, a high-pressure gaseous natural xenon electroluminescent time projection chamber ...(TPC) that was built at the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. It is a prototype of the planned NEXT-100 136Xe neutrino-less double beta decay (0νββ) experiment with the main objectives of demonstrating near-intrinsic energy resolution at energies up to 662 keV and of optimizing the NEXT-100 detector design and operating parameters. Energy resolutions of ∼1% FWHM for 662 keV gamma rays were obtained at 10 and 15 atm and ∼5% FWHM for 30 keV fluorescence xenon X-rays. These results demonstrate that 0.5% FWHM resolutions for the 2459 keV hypothetical neutrino-less double beta decay peak are realizable. This energy resolution is a factor 7-20 better than that of the current leading 0νββ experiments using liquid xenon and thus represents a significant advancement. We present also first results from a track imaging system consisting of 64 silicon photo-multipliers recently installed in NEXT-DBDM that, along with the excellent energy resolution, demonstrates the key functionalities required for the NEXT-100 0νββ search
PDF
