Abstract
Context
Clinical trials have investigated the role of antiresorptive agents, including bisphosphonates and denosumab, in patients with primary breast cancer receiving adjuvant endocrine ...therapy, aiming for better bone protection and/or improving survival.
Objective
To summarize the clinical effects of antiresorptive agents in patients with early breast cancer receiving endocrine therapy.
Methods
We systematically reviewed and synthesized the clinical benefits and harms of antiresorptive agents in patients with early breast cancer receiving endocrine therapy by calculating the risk ratios (RRs).
Results
In the pooled meta-analysis, antiresorptive agents had significant clinical benefits on disease recurrence (RR 0.78, 95% CI 0.67-0.90) and locoregional recurrence (RR 0.69, 95% CI 0.49-0.95) in patients with breast cancer receiving endocrine therapy. Early use of antiresorptive agents has a beneficial effect on secondary endocrine therapy resistance instead of primary resistance. Safety analysis revealed that potential risk for osteonecrosis of the jaw (ONJ, RR 3.29, 95% CI 1.12-9.68) with antiresorptive agents; however, there is an insignificant difference in arthralgia. The subgroup analyses revealed that intervention with bisphosphonates might have profound clinical benefits, but also increased the occurrence of ONJ. A network meta-analysis further supported the clinical effects of early antiresorptive agent use compared with delayed use or placebo.
Conclusion
Using antiresorptive agents early in patients with breast cancer receiving adjuvant endocrine therapy may provide additional benefits in risk reduction of recurrence, but there is a potential risk of ONJ.
A new bottom‐up strategy based on aromatic peptide amphiphile is developed for a high‐contrast visualization of 3D live cell‐material imaging—something that has been difficult to achieve previously ...because of the problems associated with the diffraction of light by the nanosized peptide materials and the aggregation‐caused quenching of aggregated π‐conjugated fluorophores in the nanostructures. This study reports an example of a novel supramolecular hydrogelator, naphthaleneimide‐phenylalanine (NI‐Phe), which forms a self‐supporting hydrogel displaying a unique microfibrous network and promising aggregation‐induced emission characteristics at pH 7.4. The storage modulus of the NI‐Phe gel supports the mass of a cell for 3D cell culturing. This work illustrates a new dopant‐free supramolecular approach, complementary to well‐established doping procedures that should facilitate the development of live cell imaging in 3D scaffolding materials.
A fluorescent peptide amphiphile based on a naphthaleneimide–phenylalanine residue which forms a self‐supporting hydrogel displaying a unique microfibrous network and promising aggregation‐induced emission characteristics at pH 7.4 for a high‐contrast 3D live cell‐scaffold imaging is developed.
Facile derivation of 10-aminobenzohquinoline via replacing one of the N-H hydrogen atoms by various substituents generates a new series of excited-state intramolecular N-H proton-transfer molecules, ...for which the proton-transfer emission can be widely tuned from 590 nm to 770 nm simply by harnessing the electron-donating/withdrawing strength of the substituents.
Tidal observations influence the transport efficiency of international commercial ports and can be affected by mechanical failures or typhoon-induced storms. These factors cause observational ...interruptions, which lead to tidal data loss or anomaly. Thus, the applicability of the data is reduced. Existing methods still have certain limitations in accurately predicting the tide level because of the omission of a large amount of data. Therefore, missing value imputation and tide level forecasting of tidal data are crucial topics in tidal observation study. In this study, we propose a deep learning algorithm for missing value imputation and tide level forecasting of tidal data. The test data are obtained from the tidal data of Keelung Port, Taipei Port, Tamsui Port, Taichung Port, Jiangjun Port, Anping Port, Kaohsiung Port, Hualian Port, Suao Port, and Penghu Port, constructed by the Harbor and Marine Technology Center, Taiwan. The average error value for conducting missing value imputation is 0.086 m ± 5%, and the average error value for tide level forecasting is 0.071 m. The experimental results reveal that the deep neural network has better performance than the traditional statistical methods and other artificial neural networks.
Sarcosine, a glycine transporter type 1 inhibitor and an N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor co-agonist at the glycine binding site, potentiates NMDA receptor function. Structurally similar to ...sarcosine, N,N-dimethylglycine (DMG) is also N-methyl glycine-derivative amino acid and commonly used as a dietary supplement. The present study compared the effects of sarcosine and DMG on NMDA receptor-mediated excitatory field potentials (EFPs) in mouse medial prefrontal cortex brain slices using a multi-electrode array system.
Glycine, sarcosine and DMG alone did not alter the NMDA receptor-mediated EFPs, but in combination with glutamate, glycine and its N-methyl derivatives significantly increased the frequency and amplitude of EFPs. The enhancing effects of glycine analogs in combination with glutamate on EFPs were remarkably reduced by the glycine binding site antagonist 7-chlorokynurenate (7-CK). However, DMG, but not sarcosine, reduced the frequency and amplitude of EFPs elicited by co-application of glutamate plus glycine. D-cycloserine, a partial agonist at the glycine binding site on NMDA receptors, affected EFPs in a similar manner to DMG. Furthermore, DMG, but not sarcosine, reduced the frequencies and amplitudes of EFPs elicited by glutamate plus D-serine, another endogenous ligand for glycine binding site.
These findings suggest that sarcosine acts as a full agonist, yet DMG is a partial agonist at glycine binding site of NMDA receptors. The molecular docking analysis indicated that the interactions of glycine, sarcosine, and DMG to NMDA receptors are highly similar, supporting that the glycine binding site of NMDA receptors is a critical target site for sarcosine and DMG.
With the continuous increase in radiotherapy patient-specific data from multimodality imaging and biotechnology molecular sources, knowledge-based response-adapted radiotherapy (KBR-ART) is emerging ...as a vital area for radiation oncology personalized treatment. In KBR-ART, planned dose distributions can be modified based on observed cues in patients' clinical, geometric, and physiological parameters. In this paper, we present current developments in the field of adaptive radiotherapy (ART), the progression toward KBR-ART, and examine several applications of static and dynamic machine learning approaches for realizing the KBR-ART framework potentials in maximizing tumor control and minimizing side effects with respect to individual radiotherapy patients. Specifically, three questions required for the realization of KBR-ART are addressed: (1) what knowledge is needed; (2) how to estimate RT outcomes accurately; and (3) how to adapt optimally. Different machine learning algorithms for KBR-ART application shall be discussed and contrasted. Representative examples of different KBR-ART stages are also visited.
Objectives
Endoscopic endonasal transsphenoidal adenomectomy (TSA) is the most frequently performed skull base surgery, and researchers have recently focused on preserving nasal function. The ...endoscopic transseptal approach is a promising procedure due to its reduced injury to the nasal mucosa; however, there are no studies comparing rhinological and neurosurgical outcomes concurrently with the standard endoscopic transnasal approach. Therefore, we conducted this study to investigate whether the transseptal approach could reduce nasal morbidities with comparable neurosurgical outcomes.
Methods
We retrospectively reviewed 25 patients who underwent endoscopic endonasal transseptal TSA for pituitary adenoma without encasement of internal carotid artery from January 2019 to December 2020. Another 25 patients who received transnasal approach from January 2017 to December 2018 were selected as controls. Patients with diseases affecting the nasal cavity/olfaction or usage of a nasoseptal flap were excluded for a better comparison of the two procedures. We collected data from radiological studies, endocrine studies, endoscopic evaluations, 22‐item sinonasal outcome tests (SNOT‐22) and Top International Biotech Smell Identification Test (TIBSIT) for comparison.
Results
Lower postoperative SNOT‐22 and Lund‐Kennedy endoscopic scores were observed in the transseptal group. The effect size of differences were classified as large effect (The absolute value of Cohen's d > 0.8). Nevertheless, the TIBSIT scores were not significantly different. The rates of gross total resection, recovery of hormonal abnormalities, and complications were not significantly different. After controlling possible confounding factors using multivariate analysis, the endoscopic transseptal approach remained an independent factor for lower SNOT‐22 scores and Lund‐Kennedy endoscopic scores.
Conclusions
The endoscopic transseptal approach provides improved recovery of nasal mucosa and intact olfaction without compromising neurosurgical outcomes.
Level of Evidence
2b.
In the era of personalized and precision medicine, informatics technologies utilizing machine learning (ML) and quantitative imaging are witnessing a rapidly increasing role in medicine in general ...and in oncology in particular. This expanding role ranges from computer-aided diagnosis to decision support of treatments with the potential to transform the current landscape of cancer management. In this review, we aim to provide an overview of ML methodologies and imaging informatics techniques and their recent application in modern oncology. We will review example applications of ML in oncology from the literature, identify current challenges and highlight future potentials.
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is a highly toxic environmental pollutant and also an important gaseous transmitter. Therefore, selective detection of H2S is very important, and visual detection of it with ...the naked eye is preferred in practical applications. In this study, thiolated azido derivates and active esters functionalized gold nanoparticles (AE-AuNPs)-based nanosensors have been successfully prepared for H2S perception. The sensing principle consists of two steps: first, H2S reduces the azide group to a primary amine; second, a cross-linking reaction between the primary amine and active ester induces the aggregation of AuNPs. The AE-AuNPs-based nanosensors show high selectivity toward H2S over other anions and thiols due to the specific azide–H2S chemistry. Under optimal conditions, 0.2 μM H2S is detectable using a UV–vis spectrophotometer, and 4 μM H2S can be easily detected by the naked eye. In addition, the practical application of the designed nanosensors was evaluated with lake water samples.
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