Internal transcribed spacers (ITS) of the ribosomal RNA gene (rDNA) were sequenced for 236 isolates covering 25 Colletotrichum species collected in Japan. The Japanese isolates could be grouped into ...20 ribosomal groups (RGs) based on the sequences of ITS1, correlating the species identified by the morphology. Colletotrichum gloeosporioides sensu lato separated into three RGs that were morphologically different. Colletotrichum destructivum, C. linicola and C. higginsianum were possibly conspecific. Colletotrichum dematium sensu lato including C. capsici and other species that produce falcate conidia except for graminicolous ones were separated into three RGs that were difficult to distinguish morphologically. In the phylogenetic study using ITS2 and the 28S rDNA domain 2 region, topologies compiled by neighbor-joining and maximum-parsimony methods were almost the same, reflecting the conidial morphology. The phylogenetic group 1 (PG1) produced conidia with acute ends, e.g., C. acutatum, C. destructivum and C. graminicola; PG2 produced those with obtuse ends, e.g., C. gloeosporioides, and C. orbiculare. Colletotrichum theae-sinensis, which produced the smallest conidia, was grouped as PG3, far from other species, indicating it should not belong to Colletotrichum. Grouping and phylogenetic analysis using ribosomal DNA was an effective tool to classify and identify Colletotrichum species without using morphology. PUBLICATION ABSTRACT
"Shoot blight and leaf spots were found on highbush blueberry trees in Tsukuba, Ibaraki, in 1999. The causal fungus was identified morphologically as Colletotrichum acutatum Simmonds ex Simmonds. ...This is the first report of blueberry anthracnose caused by C. acutatum in Japan."
There have been newspaper reports that cut flowers in hospitals are harmful because of opportunistic infection of Pseudomonas aeruginosa which propagates in vase water. We investigated whether ...infectious bacteria can propagate in vase water under experimental and hospital conditions. P. aeruginosa was not detected in vase water with cut flowers placed in the waiting room of a particular hospital. The addition of preservatives for cut flowers effectively prevented the propagation of bacteria including P. aeruginosa in vase water.
Index of dried plant specimen of microbes stocked in NIAES herbarium in Japan Tsukiboshi, T.(National Inst. for Agro-Environmental Sciences, Tsukuba, Ibaraki (Japan)); Yoshida, S; Shinohara, H ...
Miscellaneous Publication of National Institute for Agro-Environmental Sciences (Japan),
20/Mar
30
Journal Article
A new Claviceps species that causes ergot in sorghum and Sudan grass in Japan is described. The new species is distinct from C.
sorghi and C. africana, from India and Africa, respectively, in the ...colour and texture of sclerotia, colour and morphology of stromata
arising from the sclerotia, and size of ascospores and conidia. The pathogen infected only Sorghum in inoculation tests using 11
gramineous plants. Hyphal growth of C. sorghicola was 1 mm d−1
on PDA at 25 °C. Production of a different ergoline alkaloid in the
sclerotia was suggested.
The polygalacturonase (PG)-encoding gene (rpg1) of Rhizopus oryzae, the causal pathogen of rhizopus rot of mulberry, was cloned and sequenced. PGs were partially purified from incubation mixture of ...2% pectin medium and their N-terminal amino acid sequences were determined by a gas-phase protein sequencer. RT-PCR was performed using degenerate primers designed from the amino acid sequences, which resulted in part of a PG-encoding gene being obtained. By 3′-RACE and TAIL-PCR analyses, the entire region of the PG-encoding gene was cloned and sequenced. The structural gene comprised 1199 bp coding for 383 amino acids with a putative signal peptide of 26 amino acids, and the open reading frame was interrupted by single intron of 47 bp. Phylogenetic analysis using the deduced amino acid sequence revealed that R. oryzae RPG1 belonged to a clade consisting of exo-PGs of ascomycete fungi.
Thirty-four cultivars of orchardgrass were estimated for the resistance to anthracnose caused by Colletotrichum graminicola (Cesati) wilson by artificial inoculation in a greenhouse. some NGRI ...raising lines, NAKEI-15, -17, -19 and Cambria (UK) showed distinct resistance to the disease. On the other hand, 14, cultivars including Oberweihst, Lara, Aonami, Sabort, Sumas, Lotto and Porto etc., were estimated as susceptible. The remaining 16 cultivars, including Nordstern, Wasemidori. Pennlate, Okamidori, Lucifer and Potomac, etc., showed medium resistance. several dozen of clones grown from single seeds of 6 cultivars (NAKEI-15, -17, -19, Sylvan, HOKKAI-19 and Hayking) were also inoculated by spraying spore suspension. In the results, diversity of resistance was observed in the clones of each cultivar and the ratio of resistant clones coincided with the resistance level of each cultivar. They were also estimated for the days needed for lesion and acervulus appearance after inoculation. The resistant clones produced lesions and acervuli 7 and more than 14 days after inoculation, respectively. On the other hand, the susceptible clones produced lesions and acervuli 5 and 7 days after inoculation, respectively. The period necessary for acervuli production was concluded to be related closely to the resistance. The most resistant clones did not produce lesions even after 10 days. Autofluorescence from infected cells was observed in the leaf tissues of the most resistant clone from NAKEI-15, but the no from the susceptible clone from Akimidori. Hypersensitive cell death accompanied with autofluorescense of cells was considered to be a mechanism of resistance to anthracnose
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