Ephelis japonica and E. oryzae are biotrophic fungi that form systemic epiphytic associations with warm-season grasses. Ephelis has been recognized as the anamorph of Balansia and Myriogenospora, and ...a synanamorph of Atkinsonella; all three genera belong to Clavicipitaceae (Ascomycota). The teleomorphs have not been detected for E. japonica and E. oryzae. Balansia oryzae had been regarded as the teleomorph of Ephelis oryzae, however, this teleomorphic name is not validly published for the teleomorph alone (Art. 59·6). We analyzed the sequences of the ITS1, ITS2 and 5·8S rDNA regions of 33 Ephelis isolates from Japan, Korea, China, Nepal and India. Phylogenetic relationships of these isolates were analyzed, together with other clavicipitaceous fungi for which sequences were obtained from GenBank. All Asian Ephelis isolates formed a single cluster, which comprised two subgroups. One subgroup had strong affinity with B. andropogonis, an epibiont of grasses in tropical regions of Asia. The second subgroup had strong affinity with B. discoidea, an epibiont of grasses in the Americas. A close relationship was also shown to B. asperata, another epibiont of grasses of tropical regions of Asia. Our results do not justify the separation of Asian Ephelis epibionts into E. oryzae and E. japonica. E. japonica, established in 1904, ten years prior to the name E. oryzae, is the appropriate name for the asexual Ephelis epibionts of warm season grasses of Asia.
The effect of infection by a fungal epiphyte (Ephelis japonica Hennings), presents on Digitaria eriantha Stent and Cynodon pletostachyrus (K. Schm.) Pilger on the feeding of two insects, an armyworm, ...Mythimna (Pseudaletia) separata (Walker), and a grasshopper, Aiolopus thalassinus tamulus (Fabricius), was investigated. M. sepatara larvae significantly preferred E. japonica-free leaves compared to E. japonica-infected leaves of D. eriantha, but no significant difference on the feeding preference on E. japonica-infected leaves of C. pletostachyrus. While the adults of A. t. tamulus preferred E. japonica-free to E. japonica-infected leaves of D. eriantha and C. pletostachyrus. Adults of A. t. tamulus that fed on E. japonica-free D. eriantha leaves survived over a significantly longer period of time than those that fed on E. japonica-infected leaves. These studies indicate the presence of some factor (s) associated with leaves of the two E. japonica-infected grasses.
Red clover plants from three sites in Japan were examined, the deterioration of the crowns and taproots described, and fungi from the vascular tissue of the taproots were isolated and identified. ...Many plants had necrosis within the pith of the crowns, characteristic of the internal breakdown syndrome. Many taproots had large cortical lesions and were often severely rotted. The observed damage appeared to be consistent with the feeding of subterranean insects which had allowed the entry of soil-borne fungal and bacterial pathogens. Brown streaks and blackening within the vascular cylinders of taproots was common, and often originated from deeply penetrating cortical lesions. Fusarium species, mainly F. oxysporum and F. solani, were the most common fungi isolated from the vascular tissue of taproots. Other fungi isolated included Codinaea fertilis, Gliocladium roseum, Phoma spp. and Rhizoctonia solani. The finding of C. fertilis in red clover roots from Hokkaido and Nishinasuno is the first time that this fungus has been identified in the roots of a clover species in Japan
Interstellar hyphae were observed in the leaf sheaths of meadow fescue plants from 7 of the 8 ecotype collections from Hokkaido. The hyphae were convoluted, hyaline, with infrequent branches, and ran ...parallel to the vascular bundles. It was confirmed using scanning electron microscopy that the hyphae in the leaf sheaths were confined to the intercellular spaces. Colonies of the endophytic fungus grew very slowly on PDA, 0.2-0.5mm/day at 25 degrees C on PAD, with the optimum temperature for growth being 25 degrees C. The colonies were whitish to rosy buff, felted, forming aerial hyphae fro which numerous phialides arose. The phialides were straight or slightly flexuous, 4-17 mum long, and 0.8-1.6 mum wide gradually tapering to 0.6-0.9 mum towards the tips. Each phialide produced a single uncinate conidium 5-12 mum long and 1.0-1.6 mum wide. The morphology of the phialides and conidia, and the appearance of the colonies are identical to those described for Acremonium uncinatum in meadow fescue in Europe and New Zealand. Accordingly the endophytic fungus in meadow fescue in Hokkaido has been identified as Acremonium uncinatum Gams, Petrini et Schmidt
The osmium-DMSO-osmium method of preparation, modified for plant tissues was used to observed intracellular structures of plant leaves of corn, rice, Italian ryegrass, tall fescue, red clover, ...orchard grass. Kentucky bluegrass, Pleioblastus variegatus Makino, Ginkgo biloba L. and Pteridium aquilinum Kuhn. The removal of the cytoplasmic materials allowed the intracellular structures to be clearly observed by high resolution scanning electron microscopy (HRSEM) in bold relief. The effectiveness of this technique to reveal the stereoscopical configuration and structure of mitochondria, the endoplasmic reticula, Golgi bodies and chloroplasts along with other structures is demonstrated
The aim of autotransplantation of teeth (ATT) is to replace a lost tooth with a functional tooth within the same patient. Although it has recently become more of a recognized and viable treatment ...approach in dentistry, the long‐term outcomes are still not well‐documented. The principal author (MT) has performed more than 1000 ATTs for reasons such as treating missing teeth, deep caries, poor endodontic results, and periodontitis over the past 30 years in private practice. During the course of private practice, 2 separate analyses were performed on a total of 319 cases with follow‐up ranging from 2 to 26 years. The results showed a tendency toward higher success rates in younger patients; the success rate was highest in ATTs performed on immature teeth (about 95%), about 90% in patients younger than 30 years of age and approximately 80% in patients older than 30. The failures were most often caused by replacement resorption (ie, ankylosis‐related resorption). The purpose of this case series was to show successful long‐term outcomes of ATT as well as to provide clinical insights and describe tendencies noted over the course of 30 years of performing ATTs.
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